The great northern mountains-Himalayas

By: Mohammed

Rahat Kaleem9 ‘N’

.

Himalayas…….descriptionThe Himalayas : Sanskrit word - hima (snow) +

ālaya (dwelling), literally meaning "abode of snow”) is a mountain range in South Asia which separates the Indo-Gangetic Plain from the Tibetan Plateau. This range is home to nine of the ten highest peaks on Earth, including the highest, Mount Everest. The Himalayas have profoundly shaped the cultures of South Asia. Many Himalayan peaks are sacred in both Buddhism and Hinduism.

Himalayas….description

Sedim

enta

ry ro

ck

Metam

orph

ic

rock

The Himalaya are among the youngest mountain ranges on the

planet and consist mostly of uplifted sedimentary and

metamorphic rock. According to the modern theory of plate

tectonics, their formation is a result of a continental collision or

orogeny along the convergent boundary between the Indo-

Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate

The 6,000 kilometers plus journey of the India landmass (Indian Plate) before its collision with Asia (Eurasian Plate) about 40 to 50 million years ago.

The Himalayas are divided into three parallel. Ranges:The greater Himalayas……..himadriThe lesser Himalayas…..himachalThe outer Himalayas……shiwaliks

Himalayas…..divisions

The greater Himalayas……himadriIt is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks

with an average height of 6,000 meters. It contains all the

prominent Himalayan peaks.The folds of great Himalayas are

asymmetrical in nature. The core of this part of Himalayas is

composed of granite. It is perennially snow bound, and a

number of glaciers descend from this range. grani

te

The lesser Himalayas……..himachal

It is the most rugged mountain system, these ranges are mainly

composed of highly compressed and altered rocks. The altitude varies

between 3,700 and 4,500 meters and the average width is of 50 km. while

the pir panjal range forms the longest and the most important range, the dhaula dhar and the mahabharat

ranges are also prominent ones. This range consists of the famous valley of Kashmir, the kangranand kullu valley in himachal Pradesh. This region is

well known for its hill station.

The outer Himalayas…..shiwaliks

These extend over a width of 10-50 km and have an altitude varying between 900 and 1100 meters. These ranges

are composed of unconsolidated sediments brought down by rivers from

the main Himalayan range s located farther north. These valleys are

covered with thick gravel and alluvium. The longitudinal valley lying between lesser Himalaya and the shiwaliks are

known as duns.gravel Allu

vium

rock

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