THE NORTH AMERICAN MANUFACTURING CORE (CHAPTER 5: PART 2)
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Transcript of THE NORTH AMERICAN MANUFACTURING CORE (CHAPTER 5: PART 2)
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THE NORTH AMERICAN MANUFACTURING CORE
(CHAPTER 5: PART 2)
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MANUFACTURINGCORE
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INTRODUCTION
• Economic character of the Manufacturing Core's major cities:– (1) Atlantic coastal cities and their environs– (2) Cities of the interior core, located
between the Ohio River and the Great Lakes • Light industry is more dominant in the
former while heavy industry characterizes the latter.
• Today's lesson focuses on locational factors within the core and the economic character of a few of its major centers.
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LIGHT INDUSTRY
• Manufacturing activities that use moderate amounts of partially processed materials
• Produce items of relatively high value per unit weight
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LOCATIONAL FACTORS
• Break-in-Bulk Points– Transfer points along a transfer route– Mode of transportation or type of
carrier changes– Large shipments are reduced in size.
• Complementarity - exists at the regional scale when two regions, through an exchange of raw materials and finished products, can specifically satisfy each other's demands.
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INDUSTRIAL AGGLOMERATION
•The clustering of manufacturing activities•Businesses and plants benefit from close proximity.•Share the costs of common operating requirements Advantages - Firms can share….
skilled labor pools communications systems utility and power sources transportation networks
Firms may even consume what each other produces.
Economical>>reduces initial construction costs and subsequent operating costs
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INDUSTRIAL SITE FACTORS
• Raw materials • Labor • Transportation • Energy sources • Communications networks• An accessible market
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INERTIA COSTS OF LOCATION
• Costs born by an activity because it remains located at its original site, even though the distributions of supply and demand have changed
• The costs which a firm must bear when it is no longer situated at the optimum location.
• Examples???
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THE EMERGENCE OF CHICAGO
• An urban center which overcame unfavorable characteristics of its site and evolved to prominence based on its situation
• Site Disadvantages– Established on the swampy margins of Lake
Michigan, an ideal habitat for mosquitoes and other pests.
– Poor quality drinking-water– The Chicago River was too small to serve as
an effective transportation link– The city was almost completely destroyed
by fire in 1871
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THE EMERGENCE OF CHICAGO
(continued)
•Situational Advantages– The city's location evolved as the
optimum transportation hub as goods were transferred between the Lake Region and the agricultural interior.
– The city became the regional rail hub of the western manufacturing core- benefiting from both manufacturing and agriculture.
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ECONOMIC CHARACTER OF CORE CITIES
•New York
•Philadelphia
•Pittsburgh
•Cleveland Detroit
Chicago
•Buffalo Toronto Milwaukee
•Boston
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NEW YORK
Major port cityImmigration pointOffice industries prevail
BankingPublishing houses Insurance companies
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PHILADELPHIA
Major port cityFood processingShip buildingSteel and metal fabrication
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Major inland portIron Steel Light industries Corporate headquarters
PITTSBURGH
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CLEVELAND
Major portTransfer pointIron SteelRock & roll
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DETROIT
Major port cityAutomotive industry Variety of supporting light industries
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CHICAGO
Port cityTransport hubMeat-packing Furniture Clothing Steel
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ECONOMIC CHARACTER OF CORE CITIES
•Generalizations concerning the economic character of other major cities of the manufacturing core.
•Boston - initially clothing and leather; since World War II, electronic components and machinery
Buffalo - formerly the continent's premier flour-milling center- more recently, chemical industries, aluminum
Toronto - a variety of light industries Milwaukee - brewing, steel, motor vehicles, food
processing
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THE NORTH AMERICAN MANUFACTURING CORE
(CHAPTER 5: PART 2)