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![Page 1: The NISO NETREF Protocol Mark H Needleman Product Manager- Standards Sirsi Corporation LITA National Conference 2004.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022083008/56649ea25503460f94ba62cb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The NISO NETREF Protocol
Mark H NeedlemanProduct Manager- Standards
Sirsi Corporation
LITA National Conference 2004
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Agenda
The Reference Environment & Network Models
The NISO Committee Protocol Design Criteria Envisioned Usage Scenarios Protocol Messages Protocol Technologies Metadata Design Criteria Status and Implementations
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Background
1999: Lankes & Sutton’s Question Interchange Profile (QuIP)
December 2000: Proposal to NISO April 2001: NISO-sponsored workshop to
explore areas for standardization December 2001: NISO AZ Committee on
Networked Reference Services February 2002 – present: Real work!
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The Environment
Libraries using digital reference to extend services and reach more users
Reference services evolving, moving from art to science
Cooperation and collaborative services growing: Ask Eric, Virtual Reference Canada,
QuestionPoint, 24/7 Reference, Internet Public Library, others
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Committee Charge Develop question processing transaction protocol to support:
Processing and routing of questions and responses Packaging of other information to be exchanged Cross domain exchange
Develop metadata element sets to identify and describe key components of: Question and answer metadata Profiling metadata (institutional and personal data)
Conduct experimentation and/or research in both areas to test the proposed standard
Develop implementation guidelines & recommended best practices Research & experiment to test
the proposed standard- implement the standard
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Involved Parties
Libraries and librarians Reference service providers Reference software and management
providers Integrated library system providers Database and information systems Other providers of community services
Tutoring programs Research services
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Protocol Design Criteria Client/Server Design Transaction based - transaction consists of one
or more messages Interaction is between 2 independent systems
(although nothing precludes use inside a single system)
Must support a wide range of application areas Protocol does not speak to interactions with end
user Automate the question/answer process but
recognize actual answers will be provided by people
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Usage Scenarios
Subset of actual use cases being presented
Various scenarios are presented as being logically separate - in reality, they could be combined in multiple ways
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Simplest Scenario
Client asks question
Server provides answer
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Scenarios (2)
Multipart question Multipart answer Clarifications Constraints Status reporting Suspend/Resume Cancellation
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Scenarios (3)
Failures Timeouts Status reports Forwarding Conversations Patron Redirect Reference to archived transactions
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Current Protocol Messages Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Request Clarification . . . . Clarification . . . . . . . . . . . Constraint . . . . . . . . . . . . . Constraint Reply . . . . . . . Action Request Status Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Memo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . .
client initiated server initiated server initiated client initiated client or server initiated client or server initiated Client initiated Server initiated client or server initiated client or server initiated client or server initiated
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Metadata Design Criteria
May be used independent of Protocol Extensible where appropriate
(we don’t know what we don’t know) Flexible: provides facilities or services to
carry service-specific information Simple core data
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Netref Metadata (1)
Abstract Protocol package contains bundles for: Protocol metadata Content metadata Profiling metadata
Categories of elements: Defined elements such as protocol-specific
data, question ID, etc. Variable elements such as utility elements,
domain-specific elements, etc.
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Netref Metadata (2)
Information about: the question and the context in which it was
asked the levels and types of resources desired in
the answer the user the user’s agent/library services desired constraints
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Other Considerations
Interaction with other protocols and standards NCIP, OpenURL, Z39.50, ILL, others?
Additional models Fee-based services / e-commerce Local systems Knowledge bases
Measuring user satisfaction Legal: privacy, copyright, jurisdictional law Global: cultural/national relevancy, language
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Protocol Technology
Encoding XML- defined using an XML Schema
Transports SOAP over HTTP/HTTPS SOAP over SMTP
Other technologies may be defined in future
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More Information/Documentation
http://www.loc.gov/standards/netref/