The New York Times

Thomas Bassett

Andrea Marpillero-Colomina

Mobility Networks in the Americas: Local Politics and Cultural Paradigms

Tuesdays at APA - ChicagoMarch 13, 2012

ECPA

Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas

http://ecpaplanning.org/http://ecpaplanning.ning.com/

MOBILITY ISSUESIN THE AMERICAS

rapid urbanization » no infrastructure planning

no public investment in mobility infrastructure

corruption

The City Fix

METHODOLOGY

in-depth interviews

historical research

examination of statistical data

INTERVIEWS planners government academics bus operators officials

HISTORICAL RESEARCH political urban transit socio-cultural

DATA

population ridership impacts approval

INTERVIEWS planners government academics bus operators officials

HISTORICAL RESEARCH political urban transit socio-cultural

DATA

population ridership impacts approval

Google images

CURITIBA-1974

low-cost

exclusive right-of-way

prepaid fare

coordinated entry/exit

Bogotá - 2000

population ≈ 8 million

vehicle trips per day - 10 million

BOGOTA - 2000

Population = 8 million

10 million vehicle trips per day

6 million of these on public transport

ITDP

ITDP

All photos: ITDP

AFTER TRANSMILENIO

BEFORE TRANSMILENIO

TRANSMILENIO

two part system

segregated trunk lines

free feeder buses

Phase IPhase I

Phase IIPhase II

Feeder RoutesFeeder Routes

Source: ITDP

FEEDER BUSES

access to informal settlements

poor road infrastructure

smaller buses navigate easily

ITDP

FINANCING

government builds infrastructure

operations privately contracted

operational costs covered entirely by fare collection

max 70% national government (World Bank Loan)

30%+ local government

50% Municipal gas tax

trunk corridors

stations

pedestrian bridges

public space

main stations and depots

control center

NEGOTIATIONS

flotas fear revenue loss

flota operators » bus drivers

flotas remain primary mode

IMPROVEMENTS

public parks

libraries

integrate with bike lane

network

private commercial

development

BRT expanded to other

large cities

funding structure:

- 70% national government

- 30% local government

EXPANSION

Megabús

assumes 46% of transit

demand

PEREIRA - 2006

Dosquebradas

Cuba

Pereira

interchangesstations

feeder bustrunk bus

Megabus SA

Photos: Megabus SA

IMPROVEMENTS

design for 1 way streets

sank utility lines

run-off mitigation

tie-in beautification

PEREIRA TERMINUS

roof is public space

community gathering spot

supports local commerce

encourages mobility

Mio

assumes 94% of transit

demand

connection planned to

cable car system

CALI - 2009

METROCALI, SA

METROCALI, SA

METROCALI, SA

Metroplus

to assume 60% of

transit demand (with

metro)

MEDELLÍN - 2011

METROPLUS, SA

METROPLUS, SA

under construction

Planned integration with

Metro

Evidence of resident

displacement

MEDELLÍN - 2009

metro

metrocable

PRE-EXISTING TRANSIT

Metroplus, SA

tied with public amenities

navigates steep terrain

connectivity for poor

communities

METROCABLE

severe overcrowding

higher bus frequency inhibited

metro construction planned

BACKLASH IN BOGOTA

NYC MTA

“Select Bus Service” – 2008 pilot

two phases currently operational

partial implementation of BRT

NEW YORK - 2008

bus lanes

pre-payment

stations

branding

bus priority

passenger information

FEATURES

Graphics: The New York Times

34th Street redesign demanded

COMMUNITY OPPOSITION

NYC DOT

34th Street redesign demanded

B44 rejected by community board

COMMUNITY OPPOSITION

Our Town

Streetsblog

opposition

enforcement

clarity

CHALLENGES

Streetsblog

defensive

preemptive

PUBLICITY

population = 6 million

military dictatorship until 1990

neoliberal development policies

complex national government structure

SANTIAGO, CHILE

Roadlesstravelled.com

created to regulate buses, formalize system

modeled after Transmilenio

SANTIAGO - 2007

Volvo - Chile

Rebellioncorp

national initiative (Ministry of Transport)

operated by privately contracted companies

police enforcement

STRUCTURE

1. National Ministry of Transport

stations, street infrastructure

2 . privately contracted companies

own buses, organize / run routes

3. national police

enforce traffic laws

1. National Ministry of Transport

stations, street infrastructure

2 . privately contracted companies

own buses, organize / run routes

3. national police

enforce traffic laws

no city government

decentralized power

competing / conflicting interests

GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE

Newworldencyclopedia.com

abrupt implementation

no public outreach

ROLL OUT - 2007

drivers given monthly salary

integration with subway

reduction in congestion

improved over time

TRANSANTIAGO

Plataformaurbana.cl

All visuals in this presentation are the work of the presenters unless otherwise indicated.

ITDP

THANK YOU! avm2109@columbia.edu tbassett@planning.org