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The New Science of Happiness Ed Diener June 19, 2013 Happiness and its Causes Melbourne, Australia.
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Transcript of The New Science of Happiness Ed Diener June 19, 2013 Happiness and its Causes Melbourne, Australia.
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The New Science of Happiness
Ed DienerJune 19, 2013
Happiness and its CausesMelbourne, Australia
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Gratitude
To Tony Steele, Beth Phelan and all the organizers
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Subjective Well-Being (SWB)?“Happiness”
People’s evaluations of their lives –Thoughts:
My life is just great!My marriage is close to ideal!
Feelings:I am depressed most of the timeI enjoy my daily activities a lot
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TODAY• Not About Causes of Happiness
• But the Consequences of it!!
• National Accounts of Subjective Well-Being
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Is Happiness Really a Good Thing?
It is pleasant, but is it good for us?
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Flaubert’s Error
To be stupid, selfish, and have good health are three requirements for happiness, though if stupidity is lacking, all is lost.
Gustave Flaubert
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Happiness is Beneficial!It CAUSES:
A. Health and LongevityB. Good Social RelationshipsC. Productivity at Work
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A. Happiness and Health & Longevity
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Longevity: The Nun Study
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Psychologists
Happy live about 5 years longer
(Sarah Pressman)
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Diener and Chan Journal of Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being
• Large longitudinal studies• Experimental studies of mood and
physiology• Quasi-experimental studies
The evidence linking happiness to health and longevity is “clear and compelling”
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Happier People• Live longer on average• Better health
Stronger cardiovascular healthLess inflammationStronger immune systemsBetter health behaviors
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SWB CAUSAL
• Not just that healthy people are happier• But happy people tend to be
healthier and live longer
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B. Social RelationshipsHappy people
Feel more sociableHave more friendsOthers like them moreMore likely to get marriedLess likely to get divorcedVolunteer and donate moreBetter “organizational citizens”
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Positive Affect =More Sociable:
Induced Positive Mood(Cunningham)
People in a good mood were more sociable
People in a negative mood feel tired and uninterested in activity
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Moaner Lisa Happy Lisa
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Happiest People(Diener & Seligman)
•ALL have close, supportive friends – no exceptions
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Marriage and DivorceAmong young unmarried adults, life satisfaction years beforehand predicts:
Greater likelihood of later marrying
Lower likelihood of later divorcing
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Happy are Better Citizens• In organizations—
help others more• Donate more to charity• Volunteer more
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Virtuous Circle• Good mood – people are more
altruistic
• Doing altruism – people are in a better mood!
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C. Happiness on the job:
Job satisfactionEngaged with jobEnjoy work
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Benefits of SWB in the Workplace?
Employer: “I don’t care if my workers are happy or not, I
just want them to work hard!!”
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Gallup Organization StudyTime 1 Time 2
CustomerEngagement & Loyalty FinancialJob Satisfaction Performance
LowerTurnover
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Worker Satisfaction & Firm ValueAlex Edmans (Wharton)
Time 1 Time 2Stock
Satisfied ShareWorkers Prices
Rise More
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Changing Jobs and Being Fired
Life satisfaction years before predicts:
Greater likelihood of turnover
Lower likelihood of being fired
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Businesses with Happy Workers
• Lower healthcare costs• Greater customer loyalty• Lower employee turnover• Greater productivity • Employee creativity
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Business Leaders!
You had better care if your workers are happy!
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SWB is Causal• Not just caused by health or good
relationships
IMPLICATION: Societies need SWB!
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National Accounts of Subjective Well-Being for Public Policy
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Why Measure Societal Happiness?
• People want it – it is democractic
• It is good for society – better health, productivity, & relationships
• It reflects the quality of life of the society, beyond just money
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Beyond money:SWB Reflects Social Quality of Life
• Social capital• Social support• Respect
VolunteeringCan count on others
• DistrustCrimeCorruption
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SWB Reflects Environmental Quality of Life
Green space
Air pollutionAirport noise Difficult commuting
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Beyond Money: Toward An Economy
of Well-Being
Ed DienerMartin E. P. Seligman
Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 2005
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Beyond Money: Monoj
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Many Nations Adopting or Studying National Accounts of SWB
• United Kingdom• Mexico• Chile• Japan • Etc.• OECD 2013 guidelines!
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Happiness of NationsNation Life Satisfaction Positive Experience
(0-10) (0 – 10)Denmark 8.0 7.4Australia 7.4 7.5USA 7.3 7.5Costa Rica 7.1 8.1S. Korea 5.9 6.5Georgia 3.9 4.1
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Australia
Life SatisfactionDissatisfied 5 %Neutral 8 %Somewhat satisfied 32 %Very satisfied 45 %Extremely satisfied 9 %
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AustraliaPositive Feelings Much of Yesterday
-- Enjoyed, smiled, proudNone 10 %Some 24 %All 3 much 66 %
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AustraliaNegative Feelings Much of Yesterday
-- Sad, depressed, angry, & worried
None of them much 58 %Some of them much 39 %All of them much 3 %
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Conclusions• Happiness is good for the individual and for
society
• We need national accounts of SWB
• Need to identify the conditions leading to dissatisfaction, NA, and low PA
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Book signing at break
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Thank You!
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References on Benefits of Happiness
DeNeve, J. E., Diener, E., Tay, L., & Xuereb, C. (2013). The objective benefits of subjective well-being. In J. Helliwell, R. Layard, & J. Sachs (Eds.), The world happiness report. Volume 2. The Earth Institute, Columbia University.
Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131, 803-855.
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Suh, E. (2012). Positive mood offset was essential to human evolutionary success. Submitted for publication.
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Components of SWB1. Positive feelings– Frequent love, joy, & enjoyment
2. Low negative feelings– Infrequent sadness, anger, & anxiety
3. Satisfaction– High life satisfaction– Satisfaction with work, health, relations, etc.
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OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-Being
OECD (2013), OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being, OECD Publishing.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264191655-en
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Themes:1. The Happy Society is the Good Society
2. Beyond money—income is not enough
3. We need national accounts of happiness (Subjective Well-Being)