The New Dictator Napoleon. Napoleon Bonaparte Born on the French island of Corsica During revolution...
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The New Dictator
Napoleon
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Napoleon Bonaparte• Born on the French
island of Corsica• During revolution
moved up the ranks to General led soldiers against the French royalists in 1795 who were attacking the National Convention.
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Napoleon Bonaparte•Overthrew The Directory•Named himself First Consul
•1802 named Consul for Life
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Napoleon’s Reforms1.Regulate Economy –
control prices
2.Encouraged New Industry
3.Built roads &
canals
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Napoleon Reforms
4. Made public schools under gov’t control
5. Napoleonic Code – new laws based on Enlightenment ideas
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Napoleon Reforms
6. Tax collection was made more fair and orderly so France could rely on a steady supply of money.
7. Dishonest government workers were removed.
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Louisiana Purchase
HERO• 1803 to get money
for all France debts is considered a hero when he sells off the swampy, unexplored land of the Louisiana Purchase to America.
ZERO• 1803 when an army he
sent to re-conquer Haiti was destroyed he realizes French possessions on the mainland of North America would now be indefensible, and facing imminent war with Britain, he sold them to the United States —the Louisiana Purchase—for less than three cents per acre.
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•1804 took title Emperor of the French
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Napoleonic Code
•Equality for all citizens•Religious Toleration•Advancement based on merit
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Expanding French Empire
•Major goal is to take over the world and expand French empire through Military Conquests.
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Expanding French Empire
• Is successful at first and begins to slowly gain more land and power for France.
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Challenges to Napoleon’s Empire
Great Britain only nation to remain outside
Napoleon’s European Empire• Napoleon attacked British Economy• Creates Continental
System
(Blockade of England)
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Challenges to Napoleon’s Empire
Spain• Bro – Joseph is King• Introduced liberal
reforms• Many still loyal to old
King• Used Guerrilla
Warfare on French
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Challenges to Napoleon’s Empire
Spain•Attacks kept French troops in Spain when needed elsewhere
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Challenges to Napoleon’s Empire
Russia• Czar Alexander I
resigned from Continental System
• France invaded w/ 600,000 men
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Challenges to Napoleon’s Empire
Russia• “Scorched Earth Policy”
–Russians retreated burning everything
–Left NO Supplies
for French!
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Challenges to Napoleon’s Empire
Russia• French take Moscow in Sept.• Cannot survive the winter (no
supplies)• Forced to retreat home• Only 100,000 survived the retreat
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Napoleon’s Empire at its Largest
Dark Blue-French EmpireMedium Blue-Conquered "Rebellious" StatesLight Blue-Allied States
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Napoleon’s Downfall• Russia, GB, Austria, & Prussia
joined forces against France• French Army is defeated. • Napoleon forced to abdicate the
thrown. • Exiled to Elba – island in
Mediterranean
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Napoleon’s Downfall•Napoleon Escapes!•Returns & has support of army
•New King flees•Napoleon returns to power – for 100 days!
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Napoleon’s Downfall• European allies join together• Battle of Waterloo – French are
defeated
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Napoleon’s Downfall• Napoleon is exiled to St.
Helena – Island in South Atlantic
• Stays there
until his death
in 1821
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Aftermath of Napoleon • France kept Napoleonic Code &
Reforms• People under Napoleon gained rights,
education, and suffrage. • Holy Roman Empire disbanded and
Europe is built to what it is today. • United States doubles in size because
of Napoleon and Louisiana Purchase.
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Europe's great
powers after 1815
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Any Questions?