The New Crusade

World War II and the Foundations of the Cold War

I. The “Good” War

- Civilization in the balancetotalitarianismracisminequalitypoverty

A. Appeasement

1. Rhineland ‘36

2. Anschluss ‘37

3. Munich Agreement ‘38

4. Russo-German Non-Aggression Pact ‘39

B. Early struggles

1. France / Battle of Britain, 1940

2. Soviet Union, 1941

C. Western Alliance

1. The Atlantic Charter 1941

- internationalism

2. US as international power- June 26 1945, United Nations Charter

D. Domestic liberalism

- civil rights

- women’s rights

- social welfare

II. Origins of a New World Order

A. Groundwork

1. War in Russia Battle of Stalingrad, 1942

Battle of Kursk, 1943

2. Second front- D-Day

3. Yalta Conference January 1945

B. The Iron Curtain

1. Winston Churchill, 1946

C. Indirect opposition

1. 1947 – Truman Doctrine

2. Marshall Plan

3. “Atomic Diplomacy”

III. Life in the Atomic Age

A. 1949

1. Turning pointa. 1948 – Berlin Airlift

b. 1949 – China “lost”

c. 1949 – Russian bomb

d. 1950 – Korean War

B. Idealism to paranoia

1. McCarthyism - HUAC

2. Containment- George F. Kennan- NATO

Joseph McCarthy

C. War by Proxy

1. Deterrence

1961- Berlin Wall

1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis

2. JFK- flexible response

3. “Our Son-of-a-Bitch” Syndrome- freedom fighters?

E. Detente

1. Richard Nixon / Henry Kissinger

Cold War as a permanent condition

1972 – Nixon in China

Mao Tse-tung (Zedong)

F. Neo-Conservatism and the End of the Cold War, 1980 - 1989

1. 1. Reagan / Thatcher military strength

hostility to “socialist”

domestic policies

unabashed patriotism

2. Mikhail Gorbachev

Glasnost = “openness”

Perestroika = “economic / administrative reform”

3. 1989, Berlin Wall comes down

The End of History and the Last

Man - Fukuyama

Social Impact of the Cold War: a Brief Synopsis

I. Soviet Bloc

A. Communist society

1. Emphasis on heavy industry

fewer consumer goods

2. Heavily-subsidized social needs

inequities of wealth largely eliminated

women afforded legal equality

B. Limits of communism

1. No “civil society”

- pollution

- corruption

2. Nationalism

1956 - Hungarian Revolution

1968 - Prague Spring

1980s - Lech Walesa

Solidarity

II. Western Bloc

A. “We will bury you!”

1. Economic race - GATT

- consumerism

- building a middle class

2. Baby boom

B. Youth Culture

1. Defiance

consumerism

2. Politicization

Vietnam; Sexual Revolution; environmentalism