Grete Christina Lingjærde and Andora Sjøgren USIT, University of Oslo
The Nervous System Sydnee Weinberg Mike Ramella Andora Leung Kunal Saxena.
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Transcript of The Nervous System Sydnee Weinberg Mike Ramella Andora Leung Kunal Saxena.
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The Nervous System
Sydnee Weinberg Mike Ramella Andora Leung Kunal Saxena
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Cerebrum
Responsible for:
•Perception
•Imagination
•Thought
•Judgement
•Decision
http://www.wiredtowinthemovie.com/images/hotspots/level04cerebrum.jpg
Cerebrum
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Motor Cortex:
•Control and movement of mouth and face
•Controls motion of legs and feet
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Hemispheres
Responsible for:
•Math
•Logic
•Spatial Orientation
•Facial Recognition
•Body Image
•Appreciation for art and music
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-judging the position of things
in space -knowing body
position -understanding
and remembering
things we do and see
-putting bits of information
together to make an entire picture -controls the left side of the body
Right Side Left Side
-understanding and use of language (listening, reading,
speaking and writing)
-memory for spoken and
written messages -detailed
analysis of information -controls the
right side of the body
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Left Brain Damage
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Right Brain Damage
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Temporal Lobe
Responsible for:
•Speech
•Memory
•Hearing
•Vision
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Occipital Lobe
Responsible for:
•Controling vision
•Color recognition
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Parietal Lobe
Responsible for:
•Integrating sensory information from various parts of the body
•Knowledge of numbers and their relations
•The manipulation of objects
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Somatosensory Cortex
http://www.artbrain.org/phantomlimb/mcGonigle/McGonigle_3.jpg
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http://www.neuroskills.com/tbi/frontalflash.html
Frontal Lobe
Responsible for:
•Motor function
•Problem solving
•Spontaneity
•Memory
•Language
•Initiation
•Judgement
•Impulse control
•Social/Sexual behavior
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Cerebellum
http://www.neuroskills.com/tbi/cerebellumflash.html
Responsible for:
The integration of sensory perception
Regulation and coordination of voluntary motor movement.
The maintenance of posture and balance.
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Medulla Oblongata
http://www.geocities.com/aggelopolis/medulla_oblongata2.jpg
Responsible for:
•Controlling heart rate
•Constriction and dilation of blood vessels
•Respiration
•Digestion
Reflex center for vomiting, coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and hiccupping
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Function of a Neuron in Impulse Transmission
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/anatomy/brain/gifs/Neuron.GIF
•Transmits information within the nervous system
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Head Injury and Treatment
Head Injury- any trauma that leads to injury of the scalp, skull, or brain
•Penetrating trauma- when objects such as screwdrivers, knives, or any sharp objects, penetrate the skull.•Blunt head trauma-the result from direct blow, or from a rapid deceleration force, such as a fall or a car accident.
-Serious head injuries may cause :•Changes in personality, emotions, or mental abilities
•Concussions•Speech and language problems •Loss of sensation, hearing, vision, taste, or smell •Seizures •Paralysis •Coma
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External Head Injuries:
External head injury- most commonly, trauma to the scalp
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•Head and neck pain •Minor head injuries may result to headache or dizziness.•Sensation of spinning or light-headedness.•Some people also may have mild confusion,•Nausea•Become more irritable.•Swelling
Symptoms
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Treatments
•Ice should be applied•Bed rest•Fluids•A mild pain reliever such as aspirin or acetaminophen (Tylenol), if necessary•If there is a cut, an immunization would be given if needed to prevent tetanus
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Internal Head Injuries:
Internal head injury- may involve the skull, the blood vessels within the skull, or the brain.
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Symptoms
•unconsciousness •abnormal breathing •obvious serious wound or fracture•bleeding or clear fluid from the nose, ear, or mouth •disturbance of speech or vision •pupils of unequal size •weakness or paralysis •dizziness •neck pain or stiffness •seizures•vomiting more than two times•loss of bladder control
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Treatments
• if necessary to relieve pressure, surgery must be done to decompress the brain
• If there's swelling, apply an ice pack or cold pack• If there's bleeding, apply a sterile bandage• Call for help if person lost consciousness, or vomits more than once• If there is a spinal injury, do not move the body
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Etiologies, Symptoms, Treatment of Brain Abscesses
• Brain abscess is a focal infection, which begins when organisms are inoculated into the brain parenchyma, usually from a site distant from the central nervous system (CNS).
The 3 mechanisms of entry:
•Direct Extension
•Hematogenous
•Following penetrating head injury or neurosurgery
The mortality rate from brain abscess is currently approximately
10%.
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Treatment
• The increased intracranial pressure and starting intravenous antibiotics
• Surgical drainage of the abscess
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Bibliography
• http://www.brainhealthandpuzzles.com/brain_parts_function.html• http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/genpsycerebrum.html• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_lobe• http://www.brainhealthandpuzzles.com/brain_parts_function.html• http://www.brainhealthandpuzzles.com/brain_injury.html• http://www.brainhealthandpuzzles.com/brain_disease_information.html• http://www.tpub.com/content/medical/14295/css/14295_47.htm• http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic67.htm• http://www.drugresearcher.com/Emerging-targets/Genetic-defect-causes-
inability-to-feel-pain• http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/genpsycerebrum.html• http://www.neuroskills.com/tbi/bfrontal.shtml• http://www.neuroskills.com/tbi/pr-humor.shtml• http://www.waiting.com/frontallobe.html • http://www.waiting.com/brainfunction.html#anchor318669