The Nervous System Chapter. Learning Targets By end of this lesson, you should be able to:...
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![Page 1: The Nervous System Chapter. Learning Targets By end of this lesson, you should be able to: Differentiate between the central and peripheral nervous systems.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b717f8b9ab0599b56bd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Nervous System Chapter
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Learning Targets
• By end of this lesson, you should be able to:
• Differentiate between the central and peripheral nervous systems.
• Subdivide the peripheral nervous system into smaller groupings.
• Describe the structure and function of a nerve cell (neuron).
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General Functions of the Nervous System
• Sensory: gathers info around the body;examples – light, oxygen levels, body temperature• Integrative: information is “brought
together,” and interpreted• Motor: sending of signals to muscles
and/or glands to elicit a response
Bottom Line = Maintenance of Homeostasis
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Organs of the nervous system can be divided into two groups:
The central nervous system
brainspinal cord
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•The peripheral nervous system •peripheral nerves that connect the CNS (brain) to the rest of the body
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Peripheral Nervous System
• PNS can be subdivided into 2 divisions:
• (1) Autonomic – Cranial & spinal nerves
connecting CNS to heart, stomach, intestines, glands
– Controls unconscious activities
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Peripheral Nervous System• (2) Somatic
– Cranial & spinal nerves connecting CNS to skin & skeletal muscles
– Oversees conscious activities
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Organization of Nervous SystemNervous System
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Brain & spinal cord
Autonomic N.S. Somatic N.S.
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Peripheral Nervous System• Autonomic division of the nervous system
can be subdivided into 2 divisions:• (1) Parasympathetic
– Decreases heart rate, bronchiole dilation, blood glucose, blood to skeletal muscle
– Increases digestion, pupil size, urinary output– “rest and digest”
• (2) Sympathetic– Decreases digestion, pupil size, urinary output– Increases heart rate, bronchiole dilation, blood
glucose, blood to skeletal muscle– “fight or flight”
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Nervous Tissue is composed of two major cell types: neurons and neuroglial cells.
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Neurons are made up of a cell body, dendrites, and axons.
Dendrites receive information.Axons send information.
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Nerves are cable-like bundles of axons.
Neuroglial cells provide physical support, insulation (myelin), and nutrients for neurons.
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Classification of Neurons (by function)
Sensory Neurons – (afferent) have specialized receptor ends that sense stimuli and then carry impulses from peripheral body parts to brain or spinal cord. Can be unipolar or bipolar.
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Interneurons – lie entirely within the brain or spinal cord; direct incoming sensory impulses to appropriate parts for processing and interpreting.Motor Neurons – (efferent) carry impulses out of the brain or spinal cord to effectors (muscles, glands). Interneurons and motor neurons are multipolar.