The Nervous System
Transcript of The Nervous System
The BiologicalPerspective
The BiologicalPerspective
The BiologicalPerspective
The BiologicalPerspective
The BiologicalPerspective
The BiologicalPerspective
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Links to Learning ObjectivesLinks to Learning Objectives
NS, NEURONS & NERVES
LO 2.1 Nervous system, neurons, nerves
LO 2.2 Neural communication
CENTRAL & PERIPHERAL NS
LO 2.3 Brain and spinal cord
LO 2.4 Somatic and autonomic systems
STRUCTURES OF THE BRAIN
LO 2.5 Studying the brain
LO 2.6 Bottom part of the brain
LO 2.7 Control of emotion, learning,
memory, & motivation
LO 2.8 Control of senses and movement
LO 2.9 Higher forms of thought
LO 2.10 Left and right sides of the brain
THE CHEMICAL CONNECTION
LO 2.11 Hormones & the nervous system
Nervous System, Neurons & NervesNervous System,
Neurons & NervesNervous System,
Neurons & NervesNervous System,
Neurons & Nerves
Carries information
toand
fromall
partsof
thebody
ervous systemervous system
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Branches of Nervous SystemBranches of Nervous System
PERIPHERAL
Autonomic Somatic
Para Sympathetic
Brain
CENTRAL
Spinal Chord
2.1 What are the nervous system, neurons and nerves?
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Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
Brain
CENTRAL
Spinal Chord
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PERIPHERAL
Autonomic Somatic
Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System
Para Sympathetic
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NeuroscienceNeuroscience
• Neuroscience – study of neural structures, behavior and learning
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Structure of the NeuronStructure of the Neuron
Dendrites
Axon
Soma
Myelin
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Repairing Nerve Fibers
“…axons of neurons found in the body are also coated with a thin membrane called the neurilemma, or Schwann’s membrane. This membrane, which surrounds the axon and the myelin sheath, serves as a tunnel through which damaged nerve fibers can repair themselves.”
-Page 50 (Ciccarelli & White)
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Generating the Message: Neural ImpulseGenerating the Message: Neural Impulse
• All or none – like the firing of a gun, the neuron either fires completely or it does not fire at all
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Generating the Message: Neural ImpulseGenerating the Message: Neural Impulse
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The SynapseThe Synapse2.2 How do neurons use neurotransmitter to communicate?
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Neuron CommunicationNeuron Communication
• Excitatory neurotransmitter - causes receiving cell to fire– agonists mimic/enhance
neurotransmitter effect on receptor sites
• Inhibitory neurotransmitter - causes receiving cell to stop firing– antagonists block/reduce cell’s
response to other neurotransmitters
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Cleaning Up The SynapseCleaning Up The Synapse
Central & Peripheral Nervous Systems
Central & Peripheral Nervous Systems
Central & Peripheral Nervous Systems
Central & Peripheral Nervous Systems
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Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
• Central nervous system (CNS) – brain and spinal cord– spinal cord - bundle
of neurons carries messages between body and brain
2.3 How do the brain and spinal cord interact?
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Reflex Arc: Three Types of NeuronsReflex Arc: Three Types of Neurons
Afferent (sensory) neurons
Efferent (motor) neurons
Interneurons
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Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System
• Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - all nerves and neurons not contained in the CNS– allows brain to
communicate with senses
2.4 How do the autonomic and somatic nervous systems interact and control?
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Autonomic NS: ParasympatheticAutonomic NS: Parasympathetic
“Rest and digest”
Some psychologists believe that extraverts are seeking to increase naturally low autonomic arousal.
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Autonomic NS: SympatheticAutonomic NS: Sympathetic
“Fight or Flight”
END OF FIRST SECTION OF SLIDES
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Lecture ActivitiesLecture Activities
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Neural Squeeze Chain
What is your reaction time like? How many inches per second does a neural impulse travel? Let’s find out. We will need a stopwatch, a calculator and a little touching…
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• If the neural impulse fires with same “strength” every time it fires, how can you tell the difference among different stimulus intensities?
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• In small groups, discuss how the sympathetic NS functions help out in a “fight or flight” situation. What are the implications when the sympathetic NS remains active for extended time periods?