Allison Runchey Mela Shah JennaRose Bondeson Lindsey Cermak.
The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy...
-
Upload
seth-elledge -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy...
![Page 1: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies
John Nelson, Architectural Energy CorporationDavid Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen
Rob Slowinski , Architectural Energy Corporation
![Page 2: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Learning Objectives
• Review the drivers for passive architectural strategies, and the status of the industry in regards to adoption of their principles.
• Review the principles of natural ventilation and passive conditioning.
• Present examples of how projects overcame barriers through integration.
![Page 3: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Images by Transsolar
![Page 4: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
State of the Industry & Planet: Trends
Muir Glacier, Alaska 1941 Photo by W.O. Field Muir Glacier, Alaska 2004 Photo by B.F. Molina
Graph by Rocky Mountain Institute
Graph by American Center for Progress
![Page 5: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Graph by 2030 ChallengeData: Energy Information Administration
State of the Industry & Planet: Trends
![Page 6: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Paradigms• Overlook architecture’s
affect on energy use• Monolithic Temperatures• Trade offs between peak
and efficient normal operation
Photos by: James Balog
![Page 7: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Turning Momentum
• Proof of concept• Loads of research available• 2030 Challenge
commitments• Restlessness in
professionals
Photo courtesy of NREL’s Photo Exchange
![Page 8: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Passive Strategies: Potential & Adoption
Total US Office Building Energy Use
Source: Energy Information Administration
• Daylight• Natural Ventilation• Passive Conditioning
Heating 25%
Cooling 9%
Lighting 29%
Equipment 26%
Ventilation 5%
Other 16%
Graph courtesy of Wikipedia
![Page 9: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Thermal Inertia
• ‘during spring and autumn, lightweight buildings may require both heating and cooling over the diurnal cycle, whereas the thermally heavy buildings can maintain comfortable internal conditions without either supplementary heating or cooling.’
– BRE Digest 454• ‘Most modern buildings are structurally heavy but thermally light.
Widespread use of carpets, floor voids, false ceilings and plasterboard wall liners, all of which effectively insulate the structure from the environment’
– BRE Digest 454• ‘Thermal storage techniques absorb heat during peak periods of
excess gain and store it until it can be discharged later.’ – CIBSE Mixed Mode Ventilation AM:13
Photo By Tom Arban
![Page 10: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Approach of Thermal Balance
Images courtesy of Terrapin Bright Green & Rocky Mountain Magazine
![Page 11: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Quality
Photo courtesy of World Architecture Festival
Chart by Rocky Mountain Institute
![Page 12: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Integrated Design“Integrated design is both a process and a result”
-Michael Holtz, FAIA
Chart by Rocky Mountain Institute
![Page 13: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Climate & Location Analysis
Image courtesy of World Architecture Festival
![Page 14: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Testing Concepts: Modeling
• Test our strategies• Become informed to
enhance / optimize design
• Optimize glazing amount = upfront and operational savings
Push boundaries on paper first:“Only a fool views success as never having been wrong”
-Jason McLennan (Living Building Challenge creator)
Modeling by Zack Rogers
![Page 15: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Eras & Intentions
Manitoba Hydro Headquarters, Photo by Eduard Hueber
![Page 16: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
NATURAL VENTILATION & ADAPTIVE COMFORT
![Page 17: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Air flow from:• stack effect• winds
Related issues:• thermal mass• heat loads• expectations
How to Ventilate Naturally
![Page 18: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Stack EffectDriven by • temperature difference• Height of column of air• gravity
![Page 19: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
WindDriven by • Wind speed• Pressure
fluctuations due to building shape and surroundings
Wind speed will overwhelm stack effect at 3-10 mph. This is most of the time.
![Page 20: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Seasonal and diurnal wind directions
Time of day
Win
d d
ire
cti
on
![Page 21: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Air Flow Simulations
• Nodal model/ Building Energy Sim• For the whole building• “Coupled” important if stack effect is a big part
• Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)• For details of a single room or building segment• Simulates a specific situation
• Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel• For outside the building• Does not predict indoor flows
![Page 22: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Boundary-Layer Wind Tunnels
A boundary layer wind tunnel recreates the turbulent winds of the lower atmosphere in a controlled environment.
![Page 23: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ASHRAE adaptive comfort model
![Page 24: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Air Movement
![Page 27: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Personal ControlOur primary objective in this project was to examine the differences between individuals with relatively high and low degrees of control in the same naturally-ventilated building… While these two groups were experiencing similar physical conditions that influenced their heat balance, we found significant differences in their subjective response … While behavioral mechanisms are certainlysignificant in allowing people to adjust their personal comfort, psychological dimensions are also relevant to the degree of thermal comfort experienced.
This emphasizes the importance of not just designing a building with a high degree of adaptive opportunity, but ensuring that all occupants have direct and easy access to those various means to control their own environment.
Operable windows were, by far, the most used control. Blinds were used about half as often as windows, and ceiling fans or desk fans were used even less.
Gail Brager, ASHRAE Transactions
![Page 28: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Survey findings: green vs. conventional
LEED/green (n=20); rest of database (n =161)
![Page 32: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Air quality satisfaction, by building type
![Page 33: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
INTEGRATED RESULTS: LEADING THE WAY
![Page 34: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Integrated Results:Stanford’s Y2E2, CA
• Stack effect:4 central atria
• BAS and occupant-controlled natural ventilation
• Exposed slabs integrate with architecture
• Chilled beams well-suited for natural ventilation when systems are active
Photo by: John Nelson
Image courtesy news.stanford.edu
![Page 35: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Integrated Results:Stanford’s Y2E2, CA
Photos by: John Nelson
![Page 36: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Integrated Results:NREL RSF, CO
• Massing for daylight = massing for natural ventilation
• Exposed mass for passive integrated with radiant
• Radiant can use low grade heating & cooling (eg: solar thermal)
Photos courtesy of NREL’s photo exchange
![Page 37: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Integrated Results:NREL RSF, CO
• UFAD: Office flexibility, efficient ventilation, and exposed ceilings all with one strategy
• Indirect/direct couples well with ‘open’ buildings
• Transpired solar collectors
Upper photo: John Nelson / Lower photo courtesy of NREL’s photo exchange
![Page 38: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Integrated Results:Tulane University, New Orleans, LA• New Orleans historic
architecture with layers of shading
• Thermal zoning: designed for ‘open operation’ fall and spring
• Daylight with good shading = low solar heat gain & low internal loads
Photo courtesy of Archilovers.com
![Page 39: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Integrated Results:Muechener Tor, Munich Germany
• 2 central stacks, 20 stories high
• No mechanical ventilation• Supply air conditioned
with geothermal ‘air to earth’ register
• Free cooling of exposed slabs and night flush is supplemented with radiant cooling from ground water
Photo courtesy of Wikipedia
![Page 40: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Integrated Results:Unilever Headquarters, Hamburg, Germany
• Area of high winds -> double façade/hybrid ventilation
• Concerns about exhaust from harbor
• Exposed mass/radiant heating
• Large atria is ‘building’s lungs’
Photo courtesy of World Architecture Festival
![Page 41: The Need For Systems Integration with Passive Strategies John Nelson, Architectural Energy Corporation David Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen Rob Slowinski,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551678b45503469d698b5aa1/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Questions?
John Nelson, Architectural Energy CorporationDavid Banks, Cermak Peterka Petersen
Rob Slowinski , Architectural Energy Corporation