The Narendra Modi-led Government at the Centre completed its 100 days in power on September 2. He began his journey as the Prime Minister of India by inviting SAARC nations to his oath-taking ceremony and surprised both his friends and critics by his bold decisions. Since then, he has been leading his Government from the front. However, his journey also had its shares of hiccups.Here are a few highlights of his 3 months at Office:1. The first 30 days of Narendra Modi Government is characterised by dynamism and doesnt suffer from policy paralysis like the UPA Government. Prime Minister showcased his roadmap for a developed India, when he addressed the Joint Session of Parliament on July 8, 2014. The main points of his speech covered international and diplomatic concerns, inclusive growth for all segments including minorities, poverty elimination, stress on developing labour-intensive manufacturing sector, FDI, inflation and rationalisation of tax structure.2. One of the biggest achievements of Narendra Modi, besides winning over SAARC countries is an extension of olive branch to China. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yis visit to India turned out to be a positive diplomatic start for betterment of relations between the two nations.3. PM Modi during his election campaign had promised rehabilitation of Kashmiri Pandits, who were driven out in 1990s by the Kashmiri separatist forces. This displaced community is hoping return to the Valley during his tenure.4. Another major step which makes Modi Government standout is its initiative to curb and check price rise on which the Congress-led UPA Government had failed brazenly. The move was initiated on June 17, 2014 after which Wholesale Price Index (WPI) touched 6.01 per cent limit.

Info-graphic by Ankur5. His first bilateral visit after assuming Office was to Bhutan. This act emphasised his vision of addressing the concerns of neighbours and initiate a harmonious and growth oriented partnership. The Buddhist country was assured of Indian assistance in setting hydro-power generation plants and in various areas of education.6. On June 19, 2014, the Railway Minister announced 100 per cent FDI in Indian Railways for modernisation. This step is expected to better rail infrastructure and also pave way for high-speed trains in Ahmedabad-Mumbai sector.7. The Central Government is trying to bring synergy between Aadhar projects and National Population Register (NPR).

Info-graphic by Ankur8. The Government is planning to integrate Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS), Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana (AABY), and Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) under one network, which will be looked after by Ministry of Labour and Employment. This pilot project is expected to be launched from January 1, 2015 in 20 districts for facilitating unorganised workers with ability to access the three schemes through a single smart card.9. The NDA Government presented its maiden Budget on July 10, 2014, which was hailed as progressive one. Markets responded positively.10. The Government increased FDI limit in the Insurance sector from 26 per cent to 49 per cent and the defence sector too saw a hike in the FDI limit to 49 per cent from the existing 26 per cent.

Info-graphic by Ankur11. Finance Minister Arun Jaitley allocated funds to improve irrigation and promised sanitation in every household. He also sanctioned the establishment of four more AIIMS in Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Vidharbha and Purvanchal to improve the doctor-people ratio. Five more IIMs and IITs are scheduled to come up too. He set aside Rs 200 crore for a statue of Sardar Patel while the allocation towards women safety was about Rs 100 crore.12. With the sixth BRICS summit hosted by Brazil, Prime Minister Narendra Modi made his multilateral debut.13.CBSE directed all the schools to celebrate Sanskrit Week, with a view to restoring and promoting one of the oldest languages of India.

14. India decided that it would not get pressurised by the developed countries and stick to its stand regarding WTOs Trade Facilitation Agreement. This proved a major road block in the implementation of the TFA at the General Council of the 160-member WTO meeting in Geneva. However it was hailed by UN representatives also, since the firmness reflected Narendra Modis commitment towards the poor.15. To mark the completion of 60 days, the NDA Government has launched a unique website MyGov (www.mygov.nic.in) to engage people in the governance. Speaking at the occasion, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that this technology driven platform MyGov would provide opportunity for the citizens to contribute towards good governance. There are various sections that people can opt for like Clean Ganga, Girl Child Education, Clean India, Skilled India, Digital India and Job Creation. The objective of each section is to bring about a qualitative change through peoples participation.16. Prime Minister Narendra Modi on August 12 inaugurated the 45 MW Nimoo-Bazgo hydroelectric power project located at Alchi village and 44 MW hydro power project at Chutak village in Ladakh, besides inaugurating the Leh-Srinagar transmission line and a hydro power project in Leh. He said that unlike other Prime Ministers, he has already visited Jammu and Kashmir twice. He also unveiled a three P formula for the Leh-Ladakh: Prakash, Paryavaran and Paryatan.17. Prime Minister spoke extempore at his first Independence Day speech at Delhis Red Fort, making him the the first PM since Indira Gandhi to address the nation on 15 August in such a way. His speech was attended by more than 10,000 people. In his speech, he called himself the Pradhan Sevak who wanted to govern by consensus and not by the majority in Parliament. Showing concern over the rising instances of rapes in the country, Modi asked parents to rein in their sons. He also announced a cleanliness drive across the country. In his speech, he showed priority for poor by announcing schemes for them, such as Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna. He also talked of connecting India with e-governance and promised to transform India into Digital India with e-governance which is easy governance, economical governance and effective governance.18. By 2017, the Government is aiming to connect 250,000 gram panchayats with high-speed broadband connectivity via the Rs 20,000 crore National Optic Fibre Network. It also aims at providing Wi-Fi facility to 2.5 lakh schools, universities and generate thousands of jobs. Plans are also being drawn up to double up post offices as multi-service centres that will integrate services and platforms like UIDAI.19. When Narendra Modi took over as the Prime Minister, he extended a hand of friendship to Pakistan by inviting Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif for the swearing-in ceremony. Talks during that occasion had created mutual agreement to resume bilateral talks with Foreign-Secretary-level meet slated on August 25 in Pakistan. But the meeting was cancelled in the wake of Pakistani Envoy Abdul Basit meeting Kashmir separatists ahead of the talks. India has always expressed displeasure at Pakistans engagement with Kashmiri separatists.20. Addressing DRDO, PM Modi urged the elite body to complete its projects at the earliest. He also appealed to the research scientists to come up with new and innovative ideas.21. The Prime Minister has sought a report from the Home Ministry over the violence in the Assam-Nagaland border which resulted in the killings of about 15 people. The Government is planning and preparing to send extra forces in the regions if the State asks for help. Recently, the protesters in Assam clashed with the police in the Golaghat region.22. India is deploying squadrons of surface-to-air Akash missiles in the Northeast. This is done in the wake of growing apprehensions about Chinas threat. As per reports, six squadrons are being deployed to tackle Chinese jets and drones. The Government had already deployed Sukhoi-30MKI fighters at Tezpur and Chabua.23. PM Narendra Modi has asked IITs to take up the challenge of developing products in the field of defence and healthcare sectors.24. Indias first indigenously-built Anti-Submarine Warfare Corvette INS Kamorta has been inducted into the Navy.25. Tokyo Declaration:The partnership has been now termed as Special Strategic and Global Partnership. Both Prime Ministers have signed a Tokyo Declaration on the multifarious aspects of the relationship.

The list of Indian states with their Governors/Heads, Chief Ministers and Ruling Parties, is being provided to improve your knowledge.We keep on updating the list that we keep up you updated.Indias 29th state Telangana comes into existence on June 1, 2014. Andhra Pradesh Governor E S L Narasimhan sworn in as the Governor of Telangana and K Chandrasekhar Rao took oath as chief minister of Telangan with 11 ministers on June 2, 2014.Naveen Patnaik the president of BJD has been sworn in as Odisha chief minister for the fourth continue term in Bhubaneswar on Wednesday and other 21 ministers including 11 cabinet ministers also took oath with him in the presence of Governor S.C. Jamir.The 63-year-old (IANS) Pawan Kumar Chamling with 11 ministers at a function at Raj Bhavan in Gangtok on May 21 sworn-in as Sikkims chief minister for a record fifth consecutive term in the presence of Governor Shriniwas Patil. The Chamling-led Sikkim Democratic Front (SDF) secured a two-thirds majority in the assembly election, winning 22 seats out of 32.StatesGovernorsChief Ministers

Arunachal PradeshGen. Joginder Jaswant SinghShri Nabam Tuki (INC)

AssamShri Janaki Ballav PattanaikShri Tarun Gogai (INC)

BiharShri Devanand KonwarShri Jitan Ram Manjhi (JDU)

ChhatishgarhShri Balram Das TandonDr. Raman Singh(BJP)

GoaSmt. Mridula SinhaShri Manohar Parrikar (BJP)

GujaratShri Kalyan SinghAanandi Ben Patel (BJP)

HaryanaShri Kaptan Singh SolankiShri Bhupinder Singh Hooda (INC)

Himachal PradeshSmt. Urmila SinghShri Virbhadra Singh (INC)

Jammu & KashmirShri Narinder Nath VohraShri Omar Abdullah (PDP)

JharkhandDr.Syed AhmedShri Hemant Soren (JMM)

KarnatakaShri Vajubhai ValaShri K. Siddaramaiah (INC)

KeralaShri P. SathasivamShri Oommen Chandy (INC)

Madhya PradeshShri Ram Naresh YadavMr. Shivraj Singh Chouhan (BJP)

MaharashtraShri C. Vidyasagar RaoShri Prithaviraj Chavan (INC)

ManipurShri Vinod Kumar DuggalSri Okram Ibobi Singh (INC)

MeghalayaShri Krishan Kant PaulShri Mukul Sangma (INC)

MizoramDr. Kamla BeniwalShri Pu Lal Thanhawla (INC)

NagalandShri Padmanabha AcharyaMr. T.R. Zeliang (NPF)

OdishaShri Senayangba Chubatoshi ZameerShri Naveen Patnayak (BJD)

PunjabShri Shivraj PatilShri Prakash Singh Badal (SAD)

RajasthanSmt. Margaret AlvaMrs. Vasundhra Raje (BJP)

Residuary Andhra PradeshShri E.S.L. NarasimhanPresident Rule

SikkimShri Shrinivas PatilShri Pawan Kumar Chamling (SDF)

TamilnaduDr. K. RosaiahDr. Selvi J. Jayalalitha (AIADMK)

TelanganaShri E.S.L. NarasimhanShri K. Chandrasekhar Rao (TRS)

TripuraShri Padmanabha AcharyaShri Manik Sarkar (CPM)

UttarakhandShri Aziz QureshiShri Harish Rawat (INC)

Uttar PradeshShri Ram NaikMr. Akhilesh Yadav (SP)

West BengalShri Kesari Nath TripathiMamta Banergee (TMC)

Union TerritoriesHeadsChief Ministers

Andaman & Nicobar IslandsLt. A. K. Singh

ChandigarhShri Shivraj V. Patil

Dadar & Nagar HaveliShri B.S. Bhalla, IAS

DelhiMr. Najeeb JungPresident Rule

Daman and DiuShri B.S. Bhalla, IAS

LakshadweepShri H. Rajesh Prasad, IAS

PudducherryMr. A. K. SinghShri N. Rangsamy (AINRC)

The Governor of theReserve Bank of Indiais the most senior banker and the chairperson of the Board of Directors of RBI, Indias central bank. Following is the list of people who have served as theGovernor of Reserve Bank of India:-No.Name of GovernorTenure

23Raghuram Rajan05-09-2013 to 04-09-2016

22D. Subbarao05-09-2008 to 04-09-2013

21Dr. Y V Reddy06-09-2003 to 05-09-2008

20Dr. Bimal Jalan22-11-1997 to 06-09-2003

19C. Rangarajan22-12-1992 to 21-11-1997

18S. Venkitaramanan22-12-1990 to 21-12-1992

17R N Malhotra04-02-1985 to 22-12-1990

16A. Ghosh15 January 1985 4 February 1985

15Dr. Manmohan Singh16 September 1982 14 January 1985

14Dr. I. G. Patel1 December 1977 15 September 1982

13M. Narasimham3 May 1977 30 November 1977

12K. R. Puri20 August 1975 2 May 1977

11N. C. Sen Gupta19 May 1975 19 August 1975

10S. Jagannathan16 June 1970 19 May 1975

9B. N. Adarkar4 May 1970 15 June 1970

8L. K. Jha1 July 1967 3 May 1970

7P. C. Bhattacharya1 March 1962 30 June 1967

6H. V. R. Iyengar1 March 1957 28 February 1962

5K. G. Ambegaonkar14 January 1957 28 February 1957

4Sir Benegal Rama Rau1 July 1949 14 January 1957

3Sir C. D. Deshmukh11 August 1943 30 June 1949

2Sir James Braid Taylor1 July 1937 17 February 1943

1Sir Osborne Arkell Smith1 April 1935 30 June 1937

President NamesTenure

Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1884-1963)26 Jan, 1950-12 may,1962

Dr. S.Radhakrishnan (1888-19750)13may,1962-12 may,1967

Dr. Zakir Hussain (1897-1969)13 may,1967-3 may,1969

Shri V.V. Giri (1894-1980)24 Aug,1969-23 Aug,1974

Dr. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (1905-1977)24 Aug, 1974-11 Feb, 1977

Shri N. Sanjeeva Reddy (1913-1996)25 July, 1977-24 July, 1982

Giani zail Singh (1916-1994)25 July ,1982-24 July1987

Shri R. Venkataraman (1910-2009)25 July ,1987-24 July 1992

Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma (1918-1999)25 July,1992-24 July,1997

Shri K.R. Narayanan (1920-2005)25 July,1997-24 July,2002

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul kalam (b. 1931)25 July,2002- 24July, 2007

Smt. Pratibha Devi Singh Patil (b.1934)25 July,2007- 24 July, 2012

Shri Pranab Mukherjee (b.1935)25 July,2012- till date

Cabinet Ministers

Sr. No.PortfolioName of Minister

1Prime MinisterShri Narendra Modi

Minister of Planning, Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Space and all which are not allotted.

2Minister of Home AffairsShri Rajnath Singh

3Minister of FinanceMinister of DefenseMinister of Corporate AffairsShri Arun Jaitely

4Minister of External AffairsMinister of Overseas Indian AffairsShri Sushma Swaraj

5Minister of RailwaysShri D.V. Sadanand Gauda

6Minister of AgricultureShri Radha Mohan Singh

7Minister of Urban Development, Poverty AlleviationMinister of Parliamentry AffairsShri M. Vainkaiya Naidu

8Minister of Health and Family WelfareDr. Harshvardhan

9Minister of Communications and Information TechnologyMinister of Law and JusticeShri Ravi Shankar Prasad

10Minister of Human Resource DevelopmentSmt. Smriti Irani

11Minister of Tribal AffairsShri Zuel Oram

12Minister of Consumer Affairs,Food and Public DistributionShri Ramvilas Paswan

13Minister of Civil AviationShri Ashok Gajapati Raju

14Minister of Labour and EmploymentMinister of SteelMinistry of MinesShri Narendra Singh Tomar

15Minister of Micro, Small and Medium EnterprisesShri Kalraj Mishra

16Minister of Minority AffairsSmt. Nazama Heptulla

17Minister of Panchayati RajMinister of Rural DevelopmentMinister of Drinking Water and SanitationShri Gopinath Munde

18Minister of Road Transport and HighwaysMinister of ShippingShri Nitin Gadakari

19Minister of Food Processing IndustriesSmt. Harsimrat Kaur

20Minister of Heavy Industries and Public EnterprisesShri Anant Geete

21Minister of Women and Child DevelopmentSmt. Menka Gandhi

22Minister of Water ResourcesMinister of River Development and Ganga RevivalUma Bharti

23Minister of Social Justice and EmpowermentShri Thaverchand Gehlot

Ministers of State with Independent Charge

Sr No.PortfolioName of Minister

1Ministry of Parliament Affairs, clothe, Water Resources, Rivers Development and Ganga RevivalShri Santosh Kumar Gangwar

2Ministry of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, PMO, Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Atomic EnergyShri Jitendra Singh

3Ministry of Tourism, CultureShri Shripad Yeso Naik

4Ministry of Skill Development, Youth Affairs and SportsShri Servanand Sonoval

5Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Finance, Commerce and IndustryShri Nirmala Sitaraman

6Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Planning, DefenseShri Indrajeet Singh Rao

7Ministry of Power, Coal, New and Renewable EnergyShri Pyush Goyal

8Ministry of Environment and Forests, Information and Broadcasting, Parliamentary AffairsShri Prakash Javdekar

9Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region, External Affairs, Overseas Indian AffairsShri General V.K. Singh

11Ministry of Petroleum and Natural GasShri Dharmendra Pradhan

Ministers of State

Sr No.PortfolioName of Minister

1Ministry of Home AffairsShri Kiran Rijiju

2Ministry of Consumer Affairs,Food and Public DistributionShri Rao Saheb Danve

3Ministry of Civil AviationShri G.M. Sideshvara

4Ministry of Chemical and FertilizersShri Nihalchand

5Ministry of Rural Development, Panchayati Raj, Drinking Water and SanitationShri Upendra Kushvaha

6Ministry of Heavy Industry and Public EnterprisesShri P. Radha Krishnan

7Ministry of Mines, Steel, Labour and EmploymentShri Vishnu Dev Sai

8Ministry of RailwaysShri Manoj Sinha

9Ministry of Agriculture, Food Processing IndustriesShri Sanjiv Kumar Baliyan

10Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, ShippingShri Krishna Pal

11Ministry of Social Justice andEmpowermentShri Sudarshan Bhagat

12Ministry of Tribal AffairsShri Mansukhbhai Vasava

The list of Indian states with their Governors/Heads, Chief Ministers and Ruling Parties, is being provided to improve your knowledge.We keep on updating the list that we keep up you updated.Indias 29th state Telangana comes into existence on June 1, 2014. Andhra Pradesh Governor E S L Narasimhan sworn in as the Governor of Telangana and K Chandrasekhar Rao took oath as chief minister of Telangan with 11 ministers on June 2, 2014.Naveen Patnaik the president of BJD has been sworn in as Odisha chief minister for the fourth continue term in Bhubaneswar on Wednesday and other 21 ministers including 11 cabinet ministers also took oath with him in the presence of Governor S.C. Jamir.The 63-year-old (IANS) Pawan Kumar Chamling with 11 ministers at a function at Raj Bhavan in Gangtok on May 21 sworn-in as Sikkims chief minister for a record fifth consecutive term in the presence of Governor Shriniwas Patil. The Chamling-led Sikkim Democratic Front (SDF) secured a two-thirds majority in the assembly election, winning 22 seats out of 32.StatesGovernorsChief Ministers

Arunachal PradeshGen. Joginder Jaswant SinghShri Nabam Tuki (INC)

AssamShri Janaki Ballav PattanaikShri Tarun Gogai (INC)

BiharShri Devanand KonwarShri Jitan Ram Manjhi (JDU)

ChhatishgarhShri Balram Das TandonDr. Raman Singh(BJP)

GoaSmt. Mridula SinhaShri Manohar Parrikar (BJP)

GujaratShri Kalyan SinghAanandi Ben Patel (BJP)

HaryanaShri Kaptan Singh SolankiShri Bhupinder Singh Hooda (INC)

Himachal PradeshSmt. Urmila SinghShri Virbhadra Singh (INC)

Jammu & KashmirShri Narinder Nath VohraShri Omar Abdullah (PDP)

JharkhandDr.Syed AhmedShri Hemant Soren (JMM)

KarnatakaShri Vajubhai ValaShri K. Siddaramaiah (INC)

KeralaShri P. SathasivamShri Oommen Chandy (INC)

Madhya PradeshShri Ram Naresh YadavMr. Shivraj Singh Chouhan (BJP)

MaharashtraShri C. Vidyasagar RaoShri Prithaviraj Chavan (INC)

ManipurShri Vinod Kumar DuggalSri Okram Ibobi Singh (INC)

MeghalayaShri Krishan Kant PaulShri Mukul Sangma (INC)

MizoramDr. Kamla BeniwalShri Pu Lal Thanhawla (INC)

NagalandShri Padmanabha AcharyaMr. T.R. Zeliang (NPF)

OdishaShri Senayangba Chubatoshi ZameerShri Naveen Patnayak (BJD)

PunjabShri Shivraj PatilShri Prakash Singh Badal (SAD)

RajasthanSmt. Margaret AlvaMrs. Vasundhra Raje (BJP)

Residuary Andhra PradeshShri E.S.L. NarasimhanPresident Rule

SikkimShri Shrinivas PatilShri Pawan Kumar Chamling (SDF)

TamilnaduDr. K. RosaiahDr. Selvi J. Jayalalitha (AIADMK)

TelanganaShri E.S.L. NarasimhanShri K. Chandrasekhar Rao (TRS)

TripuraShri Padmanabha AcharyaShri Manik Sarkar (CPM)

UttarakhandShri Aziz QureshiShri Harish Rawat (INC)

Uttar PradeshShri Ram NaikMr. Akhilesh Yadav (SP)

West BengalShri Kesari Nath TripathiMamta Banergee (TMC)

Union TerritoriesHeadsChief Ministers

Andaman & Nicobar IslandsLt. A. K. Singh

ChandigarhShri Shivraj V. Patil

Dadar & Nagar HaveliShri B.S. Bhalla, IAS

DelhiMr. Najeeb JungPresident Rule

Daman and DiuShri B.S. Bhalla, IAS

LakshadweepShri H. Rajesh Prasad, IAS

PudducherryMr. A. K. SinghShri N. Rangsamy (AINRC)

Below are the list of some of the important and useful fast facts and information about India. According to the World Bank, on the basis of purchasing power party, the economy of India is the fourth last economy in the world. In the production of vegetables, India is on second position (after china).India is on first position in production of milk. The highest producer of milk in India is Uttar Pradesh. India is the third largest producer of Tobacco. But the largest producer and consumer of tobacco is China. Four industries which have been reserved for public sector are Arms and Ammunition, Atomic Energy, Rail Transportation and Minerals. The position of India is first as producer of pulses. The Centre receives maximum net revenue through excise duty. First in Hydel Power plant in India was started in Darjiling. The money order system in India was launched in 1880. First postal stamp was launch in India in 1852. Maharastra is the first state which accorded the status of industry to agriculture in1997. According to the World Bank, per person property in India is $ 25 thousand. The Big push theory has been given by R.Rodan. Alferd marshal propounded the principles of consumer surplus. Central Agmark Laboratory is in Nagpur. First cotton industry of the country was established in kolkata in1818 and the second by Kovasjee Nana Bhai in Mumbai in 1853. The largest number of cooperative institutions is in India. Unorgaised sectors are creating more employment than organised sector in India. The share of groundnut is the highest in the production of soil seeds. Three cities have India more than 1 Crore population Mumbai Kolkata and Delhi. Urbainsation is highest in Goa in India. Asian development bank was established in 1966. (Head office Manila) The share of India in world trade of spices is 40%. The social accounting method of estimating national income was developed by Richard stone. TRIFED is National Agricultural co-operative marketing development federation of India LTD. Established by government in 1987 to benefit small tribal farmers. NAFEED is National Agricultural co-operative marketing development federation of India LTD. Established for marketing the Agricultural products. Textile industry exports account for about 24.46% of Indias Total export oriental industrial units will get automatic sanction of foreign equity investment up to 51%. In 1993 FERA (Foreign exchange regulation act 1973) was replaced by FEMA (Foreign exchange management act). Textile industry has the largest contribution of 20% in Indias total industrial production. Small industries have been completely relaxed from licensing. Since 2002prince of all petroleum products are market determined kerosene and domestic LPG is supplied as subsided rates to target groups.Chairman, Planning Commission:Shri Narendra Modi

Speaker of Lok Sabha:Sumitra Mahajan

Chairman, Rajya Sabha:Mohammad Hamid Ansari.

Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha:Mr. P. J. Kurien.

Leader of Opposition (Rajya Sabha):Ghulam Nabi Azad

Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission:Dr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia.

Chief Election Commissioner:Mr. V. S. Sampath

Election Commissioner:Mr. Harishankar Brahma

Election Commissioner:Mr. Nasim Zaidi.

Comptroller and Auditor-General of India:Mr. Shashi Kant Sharma

Chairperson, National Human Right Commission (NHRC):Mr. Justice K. G. Balakrishnan.

Cabinet Secretary of India:Mr. Ajit Kumar Seth

Principal Secretary to Prime Minister:Mr. Nrapendra Mishra

Chairman, National Commission for Backward Classes:Justice V. Eshwaraiah

Chairperson, National Commission for Protection of Child Rights:Ms. Shanta Sinha

Chairman, National Commission for Scheduled Castes:Mr. P. L. Punia

Chairman, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes:Dr. RameshwarOraon

Chairman, UPSC:Prof. D. P. Agrawal

Chairman, National Commission on Farmers (NCF):Dr. M. S. Swaminathan

National Security Adviser and Special Adviser to PM (Internal Security):Mr. Ajit Kumar Doval

Director-General, National Investigation Agency (NIA):Mr. Sharad Kumar

Chairman, Railway Board:Mr. Arunendra Kumar

Attorney General of India:Mr. Mukul Rohatagee

Secretary-General, Rajya Sabha:Mr. Shumsher K. Sheriff

Secretary-General, Lok Sabha:Mr. T. K. Viswanathan

Director, IB:Mr. Syed Asif Ibrahim

Director, CBI:Mr. Ranjit Sinha

Director, Research and Analysis Wing (RAW):Mr. Alok Joshi

Director-General, National Security Guard (NSG):Mr. Jayanto Narayan Choudhury

Director-General, CRPF:Mr. Dilip Trivedi

Director-General, Border Security Force (BSF):Mr. Devendra Kumar Pathak

Director-General, Central Industrial Security Force (CISF): Mr. Arvind Ranjan

Director-General, Railway Protection Force(RPF):Mr. P.K. Mehta

Director-General, Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP):Mr. Subhash Goswami

Director-General, Sashastra Seema Bal:Mr. Arun Choudhury

Director-General, IndianCoast Guard:Vice-Admiral Anurag G. Thapliyal

Director-General, Defense Intelligence Agency:Lt. Gen. Avtar Singh

Chairman, University Grant Commission (UGC):Prof. Ved Prakash

Scientific Adviser to Defence Minister and Secretary, DRDO:Mr. Avinash Chander

Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government:Mr. R. Chidambaram

Chairman of Space Commission and ISRO:Mr. K. Radhakrishnan

Chairman of Atomic Energy Commission and Secretary, Dept. of Atomic Energy:Mr. Ratan Kumar Sinha

Chairperson, National Commission for Minorities:Mr. Naseem Ahmed

Chief Information Commissioner:Mrs. Deepak Sandhu (The first woman to get this post.)

Chairman of Staff Selection Commission (SSC):Mrs. Amitva Bhattacharya

Director-General, Indian Council of Medical Research:Dr. Vishwa Mohan Katoch

Registrar-General of India and Census Commissioner:Mr. C. Chandramouli

Chairman, Law Commission:Mr. D. K. Jain

President, Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE):Mr. Baldev Raj

Chairman, National Forest Commission:Mr. Justice (Retd.) B. N. Kirpal

Chairperson, National Dairy Development Board (NDDB):Mr. T. Nanda Kumar

Director-General, Border Roads Organisation:Lt. Gen. A. T. Parnaik

Governor, Reserve Bank of India:Mr. Raghuram Rajan

Chairman, Press Council of India:Justice Markandey Katju

Chairman, Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC):Mr. Ravindra Pisharody

Chairperson, Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT):Mr. R. K. Tiwari

Chairman, Central Board of Excise & Customs:Mrs. J. M. Shanti Sudharam

Chairperson, Competition Appellate Tribunal:Justice Arijit Pasayat

Chairman, Central Administrative Tribunal:Justice Syed Rafat Alam

CMD, National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC):Mr. G. Sai Prasad

CMD, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC):Mr. R. S. Sharma

CMD, Gas Authority of India Ltd. (GAIL):Mr. B. C. Tripathi

Chairman, Indian Oil Corporation (IOC):Mr. S. Behuria

CMD, Oil India Ltd:Mr. Sunil Kumar Srivastava

Chairman, Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE):Mr. Vineet Joshi

Chairman, Securities & Exchange Board of India (SEBI):Mr. U. K. Sinha

Chairman, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD):Mr. Harsha Kumar Bhanwala

Chairman, State Bank of India (SBI):Mrs. Arundhati Bhattachrya

Chairman, IDBI:Mr. M. S. Raghavan

Chairman, Company Law Board:Justice Dilip Raosaheb Deshmukh

Indias Permanent Representative to UN:Mr. Hardeep Singh Puri

Chairman, Life Insurance Corporation (LIC):Mr. S. K. Roy

Chairman, Central Water Commission:Mr. Ashvin Pandaya

Chairperson, National Commission for Women:Ms. Mamta Sharma

Chairman, 14th Finance Commission:Dr. Y. V. Reddy

Chairman, National Statistical Commission:Prof. Pronob Sen

Chairperson, Central Board of Film Certification:Ms. Leela Samson

Director-General, Archaeological Survey of India:Mr. Rakesh Tiwari

President, Federation of Indian Chambrs of Commerce and Industry (FICCI):Mr. Siddharth Birla

Chairman, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI): Mr. Rahul Khullar

Director, Enforcement Directorate:Mr. Ranjan Katoch

Chairman, Pension Fund Regulatory & Development Authority(PFRDA):Mr. R. V. Verma

Central Vigilance Commissioner (CVC):Mr. Pradeep Kumar

Director, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC):Dr. Shekhar Basu

President, Indian Olympic Association:Mr. N. Ramchandran

Director, National Council Of Educational Research and Training (NCERT):Prof. P. Sinclair

President, Confederation of Indian Industry (CII):Mr. S. Gopalakrishanan

Chairman, National Knowledge Commission:Mr. Sam Pitroda

Chairperson, Prasar Bharti Board:Mr. Mrinal Pandey

CEO, Prasar Bharti Board:Mr. Jawahar Sircar

Chairman, Investment Commission:Mr. Ratan Tata

President, Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI):Mr. Shivlal Yadav

Chairman, NASSCOM: Mr. R. Chandrasekran

Chairman, National Film Development Corporation (NFDC):Mr. Ramesh Sippy

Chairman, United News of India:Mr. P.K. Maheshwari

Chairman, Press Trust of India (PTI):Mr. K. N. Shanthkumar

President, Indian Newspaper Society (INS):Mr. Ravindra Kumar

President, The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM):Mr. Rana Kapo

Banking System in IndiaSeptember 30, 2009SureshAll Related to India,2

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The Reserve Bank of India was established on 1st April, 1935 and it was nationalized on 1st January, 1949. The Finance Ministry issue Currency notes and coins of rupee one all other Currency Notes are issued by the Reserve Bank of India. The first bank of limited liability managed by Indians was Oudh Commercial bank founded in 1881. Subsequently, Punjab National Bank was established in 1894. Swadeshi movement, which began in 1906, encouraged the formation of a number of Commercial banks. The Banking companies Act was passed in February 1949, which was subsequently amended to read as banking Regulation Act, 1949. Commercial banks mobilise saving in urban areas and make them available to large and small industrial and trading units mainly for working capital requirements. Commercial banking system in India consisted of 298 scheduled commercial banks (Including foreign banks). Of the scheduled commercial banks, 224 are in public sector of which 196 are regional rural banks (RRBs) and these account for about 77.9% of the deposits of all scheduled commercial banks. Commercial banks are broadly classified into nationalised or Public sector banks and private sector banks, with a few foreign banks. The Public sector banks account for more than 92% of the entire banking business in India- Occupying a dominant position in the commercial another 20 banks are the Public sector banks. Oudh Commercial Bank was the first complete Commercial Bank of India. The Imperial Bank was established in the year 1921 by merging there main presidency Banks. The largest bank-imperial Bank was nationalised in 1955 on recommendation of Gorewala Committee and rechristened as state Bank of India. In 1959, 7 regional banks were nationalised and given the status of Associate Banks of State Bank of India. On 19th July, 1969, 14 big commercial banks with deposits worth rs.50 crores or more and on 15th April, 1980, six other scheduled banks were nationalised, bringing total number of nationalised banks to 27 (19+SBI+7 SBI Associates). Before the merger of New Bank of India in Punjab National Bank (in 1993) the total number of nationalised banks was 28 ( 8 SBI & Associates+14+6).Lead Bank Scheme After the nationalisation of 14 banks the Lead Bank Scheme of the RBI was adopted in 1969 for branch expansion programme of banks. Under the scheme, all the nationalised banks and there private banks were allotted specific distracts where they were asked to take the lead in surveying the scope of banking development particularly expansion of credit facilities.Banking Reforms On the recommendation of Narsimhan Committee, a number of steps are taken to improve functioning of banking sector. SLR and CRR are reduced. Banks given freedom to open new branches. Rapid computerization of banks being undertaken. Banking ombudsmen Scheme stared functioning to expedite inexpensive resolution of customers Complaints.Scheduled and Non-scheduled Banks: The scheduled banks are those which are entered in the second Schedule of the RBI Act, 1934. These banks have a paid-up capital and reserves of an aggregate value of not less than Rs.5 Lakhs and satisfy the RBI that their affairs are carried out in the interest of their depositors. All commercial banks (Indian and foreign), regional rural banks and state co-operative banks are scheduled banks. Non scheduled banks are those which are not included in the second scheduled banks 1934. At president there is only one such bank in the country.Regional Rural Banks The regional rural Banks (RRBs) , the newest from of banks, have come into existence since idle of 1970s (sponsored by individual nationalised commercial banks ) with the objective of developing rural economy by providing credit and deposit facilities for agriculture and other productive of all kinds in rural areas. The emphasis is on providing such facilities to small and marginal farmers, agriculture labourers, rural artisans and other small entrepreneurs in rural areas.Co-operative Banks Co-operative Banks are so called because they are organised under the provisions of the Co-operative credit Societies law of the states. The major beneficiary of the Co-operative Banking is the agricultural sector in particular and the rural sector in general. The first such bank was established in 1904. The Co-operative credit institution operative in the country are mainly of two kinds : agricultural (Dominant) and non-agricultural. At the apex s the state Co-operative Bank (SCB) (Co-operative being a state subject in India ), at the intermediate (district) level are the Central Co-operative Banks (CCBS), and at the village level are the Agricultural Credit Societies (PACs); Long-term agricultural credit is provided by the land development Banks. Approximately 91% of total credit of banks is controlled by the banks of public sectors. In public sector banks, the state Bank of India group is the biggest, which controls 29% of total credits. First Regional Rural Bank was established on 2nd October, 1975. In the year 1991, Narsimhan Committee was constituted to advice in the issue of reconstruction of banking system.Development Banks: Main functions: Development of housing finance in the country. Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI), established in 1964. Main functions: Providing finance to large and medium scale industrial units. Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI), established in 1948. Main functions; (a) Project Finance (b) Promotional services. Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation in Indian and foreign currencies; Underwriting of issues of shares and debentures. Small industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), established in 1989. Main function : providing assistance to small scale industries through state finance corporation, state industrial development corporations, commercial banks etc. Expert- Import Bank India (Exim. Bank) was established in 1982. Main functions: Coordinating the working of institution engaged in financing export and import trade, Financing exports and imports. National Housing Bank (NHB) started operations in 1988.NABARDwas established in 1982: Main function: to serve as an apex refinancing agency for institutions engaged in providing agricultural finance to develop credit delivery system to coordinate rural financing activities.Insurance: The basic concept of insurance is of spreading the loss of a few over many. Insurance industry includes two sectors-Life Insurance and general Insurance. Life Insurance in India was introduced by Britishers. A British firm in 1818 established the Oriental Life Insurance Company at Calcutta now Kolkata. Life insurance Corporation (LIC) was established in September 1956. General Insurance Corporation (GIC) was established in November 1972. Indian Insurance sector has low penetration particularly in rural areas. It also has low turnover and profitability despite high premium rate. The committee on Insurance Sector reforms was set-up in 1993 under the chairmanship of R.N. Malhotra which submitted its report in 1994. Malhotra Committee recommended entry of the private sector in insurance sector. It also suggested entry of foreign insurance companies on selective basic. All the four associate companies of GIC should be granted permission to perform their business independently. Insurance Regultory Authority (IRA) should be established on the lines of SEBI and IRA should be granted complete functional autonomy.List of Banks in India (with website) Allahabad Bank Andhra Bank Bank of Baroda Bank of India Bank of Maharashtra Canara Bank Central Bank of India Corporation Bank Dena Bank Indian Bank Indian Overseas Bank Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) Ltd Oriental Bank of Commerce Punjab and Sind Bank Punjab National Bank Syndicate Bank State Bank of India State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur State Bank of Hyderabad State Bank of Mysore State Bank of Patiala State Bank of Saurashtra State Bank of Travancore UCO Bank Union Bank of India United Bank of India Vijaya Bank

NameTenure

Shri Narendra ModiMay 26, 2014 till date

Dr. Manmohan SinghMay 22, 2004 May 21, 2014

Shri Atal Bihari VajpayeeMarch 19, 1998 May 22, 2004

Shri Inder Kumar GujralApril 21, 1997 March 19, 1998

Shri H. D. Deve GowdaJune 1, 1996 April 21, 1997

Shri Atal Bihari VajpayeeMay 16, 1996 June 1, 1996

Shri P. V. Narasimha RaoJune 21, 1991- May 16, 1996

Shri Chandra ShekharNovember 10, 1990 June 21, 1991

Shri Vishwanath Pratap SinghDecember 2, 1989 November 10, 1990

Shri Rajiv GandhiOctober 31, 1984 December 2, 1989

Mrs. Indira GandhiJanuary 14, 1980 October 31, 1984

Shri Charan SinghJuly 28, 1979 January 14, 1980

Shri Morarji DesaiMarch 24, 1977 July 28, 1979

Mrs. Indira GandhiJanuary 24, 1966 March 24, 1977

Shri Gulzari Lal NandaJanuary 11, 1966 January 24, 1966

Shri Lal Bahadur ShastriJune 9, 1964 January 11, 1966

Shri Gulzari Lal NandaMay 27, 1964 June 9, 1964

Shri Jawaharlal NehruAugust 15, 1947 May 27, 1964

A.V.E.S. : Acute Viral Encephalitic Syndrome. B.C.T.T. : Bank Cash Transaction Tex. B.C.S.B.I.: Banking Codes and Standard Board Of India. C.I.C : Central Information Commission. C.S.T.O : Collective Security Treaty Organisation. CNLU : Chanakya National Law University . D.I.I : Domestic Institutional Investor DTH : Direct To Home E.C.G.C : Export Credit Guarantee Corporation. F.D.I : Foreign Direct Investment. F.I.I : Foreign Institutional Investor. GUAM : Georgia, Ukraine, Azebaijan and Moldova. GAGAN : GPS Aided Geo-Augmented Navigation. I.M.O. : Instant Money Order. IBSA : India, Brazil, South Africa M.R.O : Mars Recconnaissance Orbiter. N.A.D.T : National Authority On Drugs and Therapeutics. N.C.C.E : National Council for Clinnical Establishments. N.E.I.A : National Export Insurance Account. N.M.D.P : National Maritime Development Programme. N.R.E.G.A : National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. N.J.C : National Judicial Council. O.C.I : Overseas Citizen of India. PURA : Providing Urban Amenities in Rural Areas. P.H.F.I. : Public Health Foundation of India. R.L.D.A : Railway Land Development Authority. SCRAMJET: Supersonic Combustion Ramjet. SIM : Subscriber Identification Module. I.T.G.I : IFFCO Tokio General Insurance. IITF : India International Trade Fair. IAEA : International Atomic Energy Agency H.P.A.I : Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza. N.C.H : National Consumer Influenze. S.P.A : Seven Party Alliance. VAT : Value Added Tex. QIB : Qualified Institutional Buyer. QIP : Qualified Institutional Placement. RTA : Railway Territorial Army. RTC : Round Table Conference. RTG : Radio-isotope Thermo-electric Generator. SWIFT : Society for World-wide International Financial Transactions. SWOT : Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats. SYL : Sutlej- Yamuna Link (Canal). YWCA : Young Womens Christian Association. ZSI : Zoological Survey of India. ZUPO : Zimbabwe United Peoples Organisation. ESOP : Employee Stock Option PRP : Performance Related Payment ICA : Irrigated Crop Area FEMA : Foreign Exchange Management Act RFID : Radio Frequency Identification PERDA : Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority RED : Result Framework Document TERM : Telecom Enforcement, Resource and Monitoring OGL : Open General Licence IMB : International Maritime Bureau

States (Established on)CapitalsArea (km2)Official Languages

Arunachal Prades (20-02-87)Itanagar83,743English

Assam(15-08-47)Dispur78,550Assamese, Bodo, Karbi

Bihar (22-03-56)Patna99,200Hindi, Urdu, Maithili, Magadhi

Chhatishgarh (01-11-2000)Raipur135,194Chhattishgarhi, Hindi

Goa (30-05-87)Pannji3,702Konkani

Gujraat (01-05-60)Gandhinagar196,024Gujarati, Hindi, English

Haryana (01-11-66)Chandigarh44,212Haryanvi, Hindi

Himachal Pradesh(25-01-71)Shimla55,673Hindi

Jammu & Kashmir (26-10-47)Srinagar/Jammu222,236Urdu, Kashmiri, Dogri

Jharkhand (15-11-2000)Ranchi74,677Hindi

Karnataka (01-11-56)Bangalore191,791Kannada

Kerala (01-11-56)Thiruvananthapuram38,863Malayalam,English

Madhya Pradesh (01-11-56)Bhopal308,252Hindi

Maharashtra (01-05-60)Mumbai307,713Marathi

Manipur (21-01-72)Imphal22,347Manipuri

Meghalaya (21-01-72)Shillong22,720Khasi, Pnar, Garo, Hindi, English

Mizoram (20-02-87)Aizawal21,081Mizo

Nagaland (01-12-63)Kohima16,579English

Odisha (01-04-36)Bhubaneshwar155,820Oriya

Punjab (01-11-66)Chandigarh50,362Punjabi, Hindi

Rajasthan (30-03-56)Jaipur342,269Hindi

Residuary Andhra Pradesh (01-11-56)Hyderabad160,205Telugu, Urdu, English

Sikkim (26-04-75)Gangtok7,096Nepali, Bhutia, Lepcha, Limbu

Tamilnadu (26-01-50)Chennai130,058Tamil

Telangana (01-06-2014)Hyderabad114,840Telugu, Urdu, English

Tripura (21-01-72)Agartala10,491.69Tripuri, Bengali

Uttarakhand (09-11-2000)Dehradun53,566Hindi, Sanskrit

Uttar Pradesh (01-11-56)Lucknow243,286Hindi, Urdu

West Bengal (01-11-56)Kolkata88,752Bengali, English

Union TerritoriesCapitalsArea (km2)Official Languages

Andaman & Nicobar Islands (01-11-56)Port Blair8,250Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, English

ChandigarhChandigarh114Hindi, English, Punjabi

Dadar & Nagar Haveli (11-8-61)Silvassa487Hindi, Gujarati, English

Delhi (12-12-1911/01-11-56)Delhi1,483Hindi, Punjabi

Daman and Diu (30-05-87)Daman112Marathi, Gujarati, English, Hindi

Lakshadweep (10-11-56)Kavaratti32Malayalam, English

Pudducherry (01-07-63)Pudducherry492French, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam

TheUnited Nations (UN) Agenciesplays a leading role in providing development and humanitarian assistance, including as a first-responder to natural disasters and complex emergencies. There are some important U.N. Agencies exists that are dedicated to work for human assistance and their development. Some of the main activities and their purpose are: To improve conditions and living standard of workers. Attainment of highest possible level of heath by all people. To promote peaceful uses of atomic energy. To Promote collaboration among nations through education, science and culture. Promotes international monetary cooperation. To improve living condition of rural population.And there are more more activities they do for only humans and nature. Let see some details below. Here are the list of important U.N. Agencies. This post will described all of the details like Name of agency, Year of the Established, Head Quarter of U.N. Agencies, and their purpose to be active.Name of AgencyEstd. InHeadquartersPurpose

International Labour Organization (ILO)1919GenevaTo improve conditions and living standard of workers.

World Health Organization (WHO)1948GenevaAttainment of highest possible level of heath by all people.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)1946ParisTo Promote collaboration among nations through education, science and culture.

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)1957ViennaTo promote peaceful uses of atomic energy.

United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund (UNICEF)1946New YorkTo promote childrens welfare all over the world.

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)1950GenevaTo provide protection to refugees.

United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA)1967New YorkFor formulating population policies.

World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO)July 14, 1967Geneva SwitzerlandTo encourage creative activity, to promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world.

International Fund for Agricultural Development1977RomeFor financing agricultural projects in the world to raise the economic growth.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)1964GenevaPromotes international trade to accelerate economic growth of developing countries.

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)1947MontrealPromotes safety of international aviation.

International Monetary Fund (IMF)1945Washington D.C.Promotes international monetary cooperation.

International Finance Corporation (IFC)1956Washington D.C.Promotes economic development by encouraging private enterprise in its member countries.

Universal Postal Union (UPU)1947BerneImprove various postal services in the world.

United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)1972NairobiPromotes international co-operation in human environment.

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)1967GenevaSets international regulations for radio, telegraph, and telephone and space radio communication.

Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)1945RomeTo improve living condition of rural population.

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)1945Washington D.C.Development of economic of members by facilitating investment of capitals by providing loans.

World Meteorological Organization (WMO)1950GenevaPromote international exchange of weather reports.

World Trade Organization (WTO)1995GenevaSetting rules for world trade to reduce tariffs.

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)New YorkHelp developing countries increase the wealth producing capabilities o their natural and human resources.

Inter Government maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO), Now it is known as International Maritime Organization (IMO)1958LondonPromotes co-operation on technical matters of maritime safety, navigation and encourages anti-pollution measures.

International Development Association (IDA)1960Washington D.C.An affiliate of the World Bank, aims to help under-developed countries raise living standards.

International Tele-communication Union (ITU)1947GenevaSets international regulations for radio telegraph, telephone and space radio communications.

United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)1965New YorkProvides training and research to help facilitate UN objectives of world peace and security and of economic and social progress.

United Nations Relief and Work for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA)1949New YorkProvides basic amenities and education for the victims of Arab-Israel War.

United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA)1967New YorkStudying population dynamics, collecting population data, formulating and evolving population policies, family planning and related programmes

Tax System in IndiaOctober 22, 2009SureshAll Related to India,3

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A compulsory contribution given by a citizen or organisation to the Government is called Tax, which is used for meeting expenses on welfare work. Tax imposing and Tax collecting is at three levels in India-Central level State level and Local level.The distribution of tax between Centre and State has been clearly mentioned in the provision of India Constitution. For rationalising it from time to time, Finance Commission has been constituted.Important Taxes imposed in India:Tax on income and Wealth the central government impose different types of tax on income and wealth, viz. Income, corporate tax, wealth tax and gift tax. Out of which income tax and corporate tax are more important from the revenue point of view.Personal income Tax personal income tax is generally imposed on an individual combined Hindu families and total income of people of any other communities.Corporate Tax- Corporate tax is imposed on Registered Companies and Corporations. The rate of corporate tax on all companies is equal. However, various types of rebates and exemption have been provided.Custom Duties As per the Constitutional provision, the central Government imposes import duty and export duty both. Import and Export duties are not only source of income but with the help of it the central government regulates the foreign trade.Import Duties- Generally import duties are ad-velorem in India. It means import duties are imposed on the taxable item on percentage basis.Export Duties Export duties are more important, compared to import duties in terms of revenue and regulation of foreign trade.Excise Duties Excise duties are commodity tax as it is imposed on production of an item and it has no relevance with its sale. This is the largest of an item and it has no Central Government.Types of Tax:Direct taxIncome tax, Property tax, Gift tax etc.

Indirect taxSales tax, Excise duty, Custom Duty etc.

Taxes imposed by the central Government.Income tax, Corporate tax, Property tax, Succession tax, wealth tax, gift tax, Custom duty , Tax on agricultural wealth etc.

Taxes imposed by the state Government.Land revenue tax, agricultural income tax, Agriculture Land revenue, state excise duty, Entertainment tax, stamp duty, Road tax, Motor Vehicle tax etc.

Emergency Provision in IndiaSeptember 14, 2009SureshAll Related to India,0

President can make proclamation of emergency under Art.352 in case of war, external aggression, armed rebellion or threat thereof only on recommendation of the cabinet. Every such proclamation must be laid before parliament and it ceases to be in operation unless it is approved by resolution of booth houses of parliament with special majority within one month from the date of its issue. The proclamation gets a fresh lease of 6 month from the date it is approved by both Houses of parliament. Proclamation of emergency under art.352 can be made in respect of whole of India or only a part thereof. During proclamation of emergency the union can give direction to any State regarding exercise of the executive power. During emergency Parliament can extend the normal life of the Lok Sabha for one year at a time not exceeding 6 months after the proclamation has ceased to operate. Normal life of Lok Sabha was extended only once in 1976. During emergency, parliament can legislate cam modify the provisions of the Constitution relating to the allocation to the allocation of financial resources between the Union and the states by his own order. Such order is subject to approval by proclamation itself ceases to operate. Effects of emergency on fundamental rights are as follows. Art. 358 provides that the rights provided by art. 19, would be non-existent against the state during emergency. Under Art. 359, the right to move the court for the enforcement of the rights can be suspended by, order of the president. Articles 20 and 21 cannot be suspended during emergency. The first proclamation of emergency under art. 352 was made by the president on October 26, 1962 because of Chinese aggression in NEFA. For the first time on June 25, 1975 proclamation of emergency under art. 352 was made on the ground of internal disturbance. A proclamation of emergency for failure of constitutional machinery can be made by the president when the constitutional Government of state cannot be carried on for reasons. During emergency under Art. 352, the centre does not get power to suspend the state Government. In cases of failure of the Constitutional machinery, the state legislature is suspended and the executive authority of the state is assumed by the president in whole or in part. This is popularly called the presidents rule. Under a proclamation of emergency under Art. 352, Parliament can legislate in respect of state subjects only by itself; but under a proclamation under Art. 356 of the other kind kind, it can delegate its power to legislature for the state, to the president or any other authority specified by him. Proclamation of emergency for failure of constitutional machinery can be extended by parliament upto three years.