The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section.
-
Upload
lorena-wilkinson -
Category
Documents
-
view
405 -
download
7
Transcript of The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section.
The Nail Structure
The Nail Structure/Cross Section
Nail Diseases & Disorders = Onychosis
• Nail Diseases: will show signs of infection or inflammation (redness, pain, swelling or pus). All diseases require medical attention and must NOT be treated in the salon.
• Nail Disorder: condition caused by injury to the nail or some imbalance in the body. These can be treated in the salon.
Diseases
• Onychia- inflammation of the matrix with pus and shedding of the nail. Improperly disinfected nail implements could cause this bacterial disease.
DiseaseOnychocryptosis - ingrown nails; nails grow into the tissue surrounding the nail
DiseaseOnychogryposis – thickening and
increased curvature of the nail; also called “ram’s horn nail” usually caused by injury to
the matrix
DiseaseOnycholysis – loosening of the nail without
shedding usually beginning at the free edge and continuing to the lunula.
DiseaseOnychomadesis – separation and falling off of
the nail from the nail bed.
Disease
• Onychoptosis -The periodic shedding of one or more nails, in whole or in part. This condition might follow certain diseases such as syphilis, or can result from trauma, system upsets or reactions to prescription drugs.
10
Disease• Onychomycosis - fungal infection of
natural nail plate, infect the free edge & spread to matrix
DiseaseParonychia - bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail. Pus is usually present along with gradual thickening and brownish discoloration
of the nail plate.
Disease
Chronic Paronychia: most often found in toenails because of perspiration in footgear
DiseasePyogenic Granuloma – severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up
from the nail bed to the nail plate.
Disease
Tinea (ringworm) – highly contagious skin disease caused by a vegetable parasite or
fungus. It is characterized by itching, scales and sometimes painful circular lesions.
DiseaseTinea Pedis – athlete’s foot or
ringworm of the foot
DiseaseTinea Unguium – ringworm of the nail. The disease invades the free edge and spreads towards the root
DiseaseNail Psoriasis – tiny pits
appear on the surfaceTreatment: Refer to Physician
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa – an anaerobic (No Oxygen) bacterial infection that can grow out of control as a result of an unsanitized natural nail or unsanitized implements then covered by artificial nail products such as tips, acrylic, gels,
or wraps. Formerly incorrectly referred to as mold
• Treatment:You may only remove
The enhancements.
Then you MUST
REFFER CLIENT
TO A
PHYSICIAN
Bacterial Infection - Disease
DisorderBeau’s Lines – visible
depressions running across the width of the nail plate – usually
caused by major illnessTreatment: lightly buff & use ridge
filler
20
DisorderSplinter Hemorage
• caused by physical tramua, damages capillaries & blood flows up to bed epithelium, always positioned lengthwise in the direction of growth
20
DisorderBlue Nails – discolored nails is a condition
caused by poor blood circulation, heart disorder, or topical and oral medications.
This condition may indicate the presence of a systemic disorder.
• Treatment: this condition can benefit from a regular manicure with polish, artificial tips, or wraps
DisorderBruised Nails – blood clot forms
under the nail plate, forming a dark purplish spot, usually due to injury
• Treatment: this nail can benefit from regular manicures, the dried blood will attach itself to the nail plate and grow out over time. Try to avoid placing pressure on the nail plate during the manicure.
DisorderCorrugations – wavy rides,
caused by uneven growth of the nails
• Treatment: carefully buff the nail, this helps to minimize the ridges. Use a ridge filler base coat to give the polish a smooth look
DisorderEggshell Nails – noticeably thin, they are more flexible than normal nails. Usually
caused by improper diet, internal disease,
medications or nervous disorders. • Treatment: be very careful when manicuring these
nails they are fragile and can break easily. Do not use pressure, and use the fine side of the file.
DisorderFurrows – depressions in the nails that can run either lengthwise or across the nail. Occasionally caused by
pregnancy, poor circulation, of frostbite
• Treatment: nails are brittle & great care must be exercised when giving a manicure. Avoid the use of a metal pusher; instead use a plastic one or an orange wood stick, use ridgefiller.
DisorderHangnail or Agnail: condition
where cuticle splits around the nail.
• Treatment: Hot oil manicures will aid in correcting the problem. Advise client that if not properly cared for a hangnail can become infected
DisorderLeukonychia – white spots on the nail; usually caused by injury to the
base of the nail
• Treatment: treat as normal healthy nail; spots should grow out and disappear
DisorderMelanonychia – darkening of the nail, can be seen as a black band under the nail; an
increase in pigment cells
• Treatment: treat as normal nail
Disorder Onychatrophia – is the atrophy or
wasting away of the nail, usually due to injury
• Treatment: file nail with smooth side of emery board; do not use metal pusher; advise client to protect nails from further injury
DisorderOnychauxis –(otherwise know as Hypertrophy) overgrowth of the nail usually in thickness; can be
hereditary, internal imbalance, or a local infection. • Treatment: If infection is present do
NOT manicure the nail. If not you may file and buff the nail smooth.
DisorderOnychophagy – bitten nails result
of an acquired habit.• Treatment: regular manicures or nail
enhancements will discourage the client from biting the nails
DisorderOnychorrhexis – abnormal brittleness with
striations (lines). Usually caused by improper filing vitamin deficiencies, or exposure to strong soaps
• Treatment: Suggest hot oil manicures, buff gently, use ridge filler
DisorderPlicatured Nail – “folded nail” surface is usually flat while the two sides fold at a
90degree angle
• Treatment: carefully trim nails straight across to prevent ingrown nails
Disorder Pterygium – forward growth of the
eponychium
• Treatment: Do NOT use a metal instrument to push back the skin, doing so will just make it worse. Use cuticle creams and conditioners on the area
DisorderTrumpet or Pincer Nails – edge of the nail
plate curls around to form the shape of a trumpet or a cone. Nail bed becomes
constricted and may be painful
• Treatment: carefully trim the margins of the nail to make the client comfortable