The Muslim World600-1250 AD

Sharia Law http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=onqq3SR

Y-wg&feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=PLF959AD32B4EA5977

The Rise of Islam

The Arabian Peninsula was home to many nomadic tribes.

Because there was only a tiny strip of fertile land many were forced to roam for food.

The Bedouins were a nomadic tribe, whose ideals of courage, loyalty to family, along with warrior skills, would become part of the Islamic way of life.

Muhammad & The Birth of Islam

The concept of belief in one god, called Allah in Arabic, was used in the Arabian Peninsula.

Many Christians and Jews lived there and practiced monotheism.

Muslims believe that Muhammad received a revelation from the angel Gabriel while meditating in a cave outside of Mecca.

Muhammad believed that Allah had spoken to him through Gabriel, and began to teach that there was one true God, Allah.

Muslim: A follower of Islam. Means, “one who had submitted.

Islam: means“Submission to the will of Allah”

Muslim Persecution Muhammad began to preach publicly, but some Meccans disagreed with

his beliefs and he and his followers were frequently attacked. Many Meccans believed that his teachings would lead to neglect of

traditional Arab gods. Muhammad moved to the town of Yathrib, later known as Medina 200

miles north of Mecca. This migration became known as the Hijrah. Muhammad made an alliance with practicing Jews in Medina, and

became a political as well as a religious leader. Muhammad wanted to reclaim Mecca, and marched into Mecca with

10,000 soldiers. He was triumphant, and through this victory obtained more converts to Islam.

Beliefs and Practices of IslamIslam The main teaching of Islam is that there is only one god, Allah People are responsible for their own actions; there is good and evil Dome of the Rock: Muslims believe Muhammad rose to heaven here to learn

Allah’s will Jews believe Abraham was prepared to sacrifice son Isaac at same siteThe Five Pillars Muslims must carry out five duties—the Five Pillars of Islam

statement of faith to Allah and to Muhammad as his prophet. pray five times a day, can use a mosque—Islamic house of worship. give alms, or money for the poor. fast between dawn and sunset during holy month of Ramadan perform the hajj—pilgrimage to Mecca—at least once.

A Way of Life Customs and traditions guide Muslim’s lives Scholar class, ulama, and teachers apply religion to life; no priests

Beliefs and Practices in Islam Continued…

Sources of Authority Original source of authority for Muslims is Allah Qur’an—holy book, contains revelations Muhammad received

from Allah Muslims follow Sunna—Muhammad’s example for proper

living Guidance of Qur’an and Sunna assembled in body of law—

shari’a. The Shari’a is still in practice today in some Islamic countries

and punishments for such crimes as adultery, and stealing can result in amputation, and stoning.

Document 1

Islam: Governing Under Sharia (aka shariah, shari'a) Updated: October 24, 2011 Toni Johnson, Senior Editor Lauren Vriens, Senior Staff Writer

Please take out one sheet of paper. Please take the next 15 minutes to read this article silently and

write down questions and/or comments about the material you are reading.

We will have a class discussion after everyone has read the article.

The Muslim WorldDay 2

Links to Judaism and Christianity

To Muslims, Allah is same God worshiped by Christians and Jews

Qur’an, Gospels, Torah—contain God’s will as revealed through others

Muslims, Christians, and Jews trace their roots to Abraham

All three religions believe in heaven, hell, and a day of judgment

Shari’a law requires Muslim leaders to extend religious tolerance

Islam Expands

Muhammad died in 632 AD and left no successor. A close friend of Muhammad’s, Abu-Bakr is elected Caliph:

title for Muslim leader, means “successor” or “deputy” After Muhammad's death many Islamic tribes began to

abandon Islam, many claimed to be prophets, and many stopped paying taxes.

“Rightly Guided” Caliphs First four caliphs guided by the Qur’an and Muhammad’s

actions Jihad, armed struggle against unbelievers, used to expand

Islam By 750, Muslim empire stretches from Atlantic Ocean to Indus

River

Bakr expands the empire through military advancement- Jihad (Holy War) 6,000 miles from the

Atlantic ocean to the Indus river.

Internal Conflict Creates a Crisis

Rise of the Umayyads Struggles for power end the elective system of choosing a caliph Wealthy family, Umayyads, take power; move Muslim capital to

Damascus. Sunni—Shi’a Split

Shi’a—“party” of Ali—believe caliph should be Muhammad’s descendant

Sunni—followers of Muhammad’s example— support Umayyads

Sufi followers pursue life of poverty, spirituality; reject Umayyads

In 750, a rebel group—the Abbasids—topple the Umayyads

Document 2 Iran: An Overview NY Times Article

Please take out one sheet of paper. Please take the next 10 minutes to read this article

silently and write down questions and/or comments about the material you are reading.

We will have a class discussion after everyone has read the article.

Document 3 Official Laws Against Women in Iran Women’s Forum Against Fundelmentalism

in Iran Please take out one sheet of paper. Please take the next 10 minutes to read this article

silently and write down questions and/or comments about the material you are reading.

We will have a class discussion after everyone has read the article.