The Muscular System
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Transcript of The Muscular System
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The Muscular SystemThe Muscular System
Support SystemsSupport SystemsUnit 2Unit 2
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Functions of the Muscular SystemFunctions of the Muscular System• Heat Production (thermogenesis)
– Heat is a byproduct of muscle contraction
• Movement Facilitation– Muscles shorten and pull on bones
which produces movement• Structure (postural support)
– Contraction of muscles keeps us upright and maintains posture
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Functions cont.Functions cont.• Protection of Internal Organs
– Contraction of abdominal muscles causes them to become hard and offers protection to the underlying organs
– Other muscles con contract prior to receiving a blow thus protection bones and soft tissue.
• Controls the volume of hollow organs– Smooth muscle surrounds our hollow organs and
contractions propel the substances through them, aid in their emptying, or helps control their volume
• Stomach and small intestines• The bladder• Blood vessels
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Ant
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Ant
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Pos
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Pos
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Cardiac Muscle
• Striated – appears striped under a microscope
• Involuntary- no conscious control
• Found in the heart
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Smooth MuscleSmooth Muscle• Located in walls of
hollow internal surfaces such as:– blood vessels -
stomach– urinary bladder -
intestines• Non-striated in
appearance• Involuntary
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Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle• Attached to
bones• Striated
appearance under a microscope
• Voluntary control (conscious control)
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Diseases and Diseases and Disorders of the Disorders of the
Muscular SystemMuscular System
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TendonitisTendonitis• Characterized by
Inflammation of the tendons due to overuse or age-related changes of the tendon.
• Common in individuals who begin a new exercise or increase their level of exercise.
• Treatment includes: rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE).
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StrainsStrains• A tearing of a muscle or
its attaching tendon • Occurs when a muscle
receives a stress that overcomes its strength– Sudden, quick heavy
lifting– During sports– While performing work
tasks
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Strains cont.Strains cont.• 3 types of strains3 types of strains
– A 1A 1stst degree occurs when the muscle is stretched degree occurs when the muscle is stretched causing micro-tears in the muscle fiberscausing micro-tears in the muscle fibers
– A 2A 2ndnd degree strain occurs when the muscle or degree strain occurs when the muscle or tendon is partially torntendon is partially torn
– A 3A 3rdrd degree strain occurs when the muscle is degree strain occurs when the muscle is completely rupturedcompletely ruptured
• Signs & symptoms include:Signs & symptoms include:– Pain, especially when the muscle is contracting Pain, especially when the muscle is contracting
which limits functionwhich limits function– SwellingSwelling– BruisingBruising
• Treatment includes Rest, Ice, Compression, ElevationTreatment includes Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
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Muscle SpasmMuscle Spasm• An involuntary muscle contraction• Also called a “Charlie Horse” or
“muscle cramp”• Main causes are electrolyte
imbalances, dehydration and fatigue
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Muscle Spasm cont.Muscle Spasm cont.• Initial treatment is to put the muscle
that has the spasm on stretch– If spasm persists ice or heat can be
used• Prevention incudes maintaining a
proper diet, drinking plenty of water and proper conditioning– Sports drinks may be beneficial
during exercise to help replace lost sodium due to sweating
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Muscular DystrophyMuscular Dystrophy• An inherited disorder in which
the muscles are missing a certain protein causing degeneration of muscle tissue
• Causes progressive weakness and loss of function of the affected muscles
• There is no cure but physical therapy can lessen the severity of the disorder.