The Moon Novice Class #5... · VIPER: Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover - 2022 Deep...
Transcript of The Moon Novice Class #5... · VIPER: Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover - 2022 Deep...
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TheMoon
PeterboroughAstronomicalAssociationNoviceClass#5December6,2019BrettHardy
Formation• Impact4.3billionyearsagoby
MarssizeplanetThea• Moonisabout50millionyears
youngerthanEarth• CompletelymeltedEarth• ImpartedaveryfastspintoEarth• ~5hourday• +2.3millisecondspercentury
NationalGeographic
Evolution• Moonformsinabout100years• ~20,000kmfromEarth• Tides8,000Xstronger• TidalforcessynchronizedMoon’sspinandorbitalperiod• LateHeavyBombardment4.1-3.8billionyearsagocreateslargeimpacts• Marevolcanism3.8-1billionyearsago• Raycraters1billionyearsagotopresent• Tycho109millionyears
Slideshare.net
SteveMandel
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PhysicalCharacteristics• 1/4sizeofEarth• 1/6gravityofEarth• Slightly>1%Earth’smass• Extensivecratering• Averagedistance284,000,000km• 27.3dayorbitandrotation• Temperaturerange-233°to123°C• Extremelydry• Farsidethickercrust,fewmaria• Lightareas–highlands• Darkareas–maria
RussellCroman/SPL/Getty
HistoricalImportanceAncientObservatories• ElCaracol-ObservatoryatChichénItzáTime• EarliestCalendarsbasedon
observationsofthemoon• Month• Monday
Illumination• Workandtravelatnight• HarvestMoon
NavigationalBeaconandIndicatorofTidesCulturalSignificance• Myth• VisualArt:painting,photography• Poetry• Literature
RobShenk
EarlyExploration• Successfullanders
HistoricalMissionsUSSR• Luna2–1959• Luna3–1959Firsttoimagefar
side• Luna9–1966Firstsoftlanding• Luna10–1966Firstsuccessful
orbiter(10-12,14,15,19,21)• Zond5–1968Circumlunar• Zond6–1968Circumlunar• Zond7–1969Circumlunar• Zond8–1970Circumlunar• Luna16–1970samplereturn• Luna17–1970deployedfirst
roverLunokhod1• Lifespan322days,10.5km• Luna20– 1972samplereturn• Luna21–1973deployed
Lunokhod2• Lifespan4months,42km• Luna24–1976samplereturn• 0.3kg
Wikipedia
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HistoricalMissionsNASARanger7–1964Ranger8,9-1965LunarOrbiter1&2–1966Surveyor1–1966LunarOrbiter3,4,5-1967Surveyor3–1967Surveyor5–1967Surveyor6–1967Surveyor7–1968Apollo8–1968FirstmannedlunarorbitApollo10–1969FirstmannedlunartestofLEMApollo11–1969FirstmannedlandingApollo12–1969FirstpinpointlandingApollo14–1971Apollo15–1971Firstlunarrover$38,000,000Apollo16–1972(lunarrover)Apollo17–1972(lunarrover)
RecentMissionsIndiaChandrayaan1–2008Orbiter&MoonImpactProbeChinaChang’e1–2007OrbiterJAXAHlten–1990OrbiterKAGUYA–2007OrbiterIsraelBeresheet–2019LandercrashedSpaceIL-FirstprivatecompanylunarattemptNASAClementine–1994Orbiter(DOD)LunarProspector–1998OrbiterLCROSS–2009OrbiterGRAIL–2011OrbiterLADEE–2013OrbiterESASMART1–2003Orbiter
CurrentExplorationChineseChang’e2–2010OrbiterChang’e3–2013Lander&roverQueqiao–2018Orbiter&radiorelayforChang’e4Chang’e4–2019Lander&roverNASALunarReconnaissanceOrbiter–2009ARTEMIS-2011TwinorbiterspacecraftIndiaChandrayaan2–2019Orbiter,lander&rover(landercrashed)
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Discoveries• Lunargeology:soilpropertiesand
chemicalcomposition• Rocksandsoilcontainsame
isotopecontentasEarth• Noglobalmagneticfield• Tenuousexosphere• Globalmagmaocean• 700millionyearspanoflava
flooding• Enormouslunarpits• Lunarsamplesprovidedevidence
forLateHeavyBombardment3.9billionyearsago
• Largeimpacts–AitkenBasinprovidesevidenceforEarthextinctionevents
• AwindowintoEarth’sformationandevolution
• Verylittleironincore• Retreating~3.8cm/year• WaterIcediscoveredatnorthand
southpolesbyChandrayaan1in2008
• Highresolutionimagingofentiresurface
USRA
FutureNASACapstone–2020CubeSatorbiterArtemisProgram–2024MannedlanderVIPER:VolatilesInvestigatingPolarExplorationRover-2022DeepSpaceGateway–Mannedorbiter&Marsstaging–20??ChinaChang’e5– 2020SamplereturnChang’e6–2024SamplereturnChang’e7–TBALunarsurveyChang’e8–TBALunarTechnologyTestMannedlander–20??JapanYaoki–2021LanderSouthKoreaPathfinder–2022OrbiterESALunarResourceLander–Mid2020’sHeracles– Mid2020’sLander&roverPrivateSectorSpaceXBlueOriginHabitation
ESA