The mood in Britain - AdviceUK...The mood in Britain THE CONTEXT SHAPING THE NEW AGENDA Gideon...
Transcript of The mood in Britain - AdviceUK...The mood in Britain THE CONTEXT SHAPING THE NEW AGENDA Gideon...
The mood in Britain THE CONTEXT SHAPING THE NEW AGENDA
Gideon Skinner, Research Director Ipsos MORI Social Research Institute @GideonSkinner
3
What forces are shaping public opinion?
What’s the mood of the nation?
What are the challenges facing public services (and charities)?
What wider social trends are important for the future?
4
What concerns us has changed a lot over the last 20 years
Base: representative sample of c.1,000 British adults age 18+ each month, interviewed face-to-face in home
What do you see as the most/other important issues facing Britain today?
Source: Ipsos MORI Issues Index
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
May1997
May1998
May1999
May2000
May2001
May2002
May2003
May2004
May2005
May2006
May2007
May2008
May2009
May2010
May2011
May2012
May2013
May2014
May2015
NHS UNEMPLOYMENT CRIME/LAW & ORDER ECONOMY IMMIGRATION*
*Up until September 2014 the code was race relations/immigration/immigrants
5
And London is a different country….
Base: 9,907 English adults 18+, January – December 2015
What do you see as the most/other important issues facing Britain today?
Source: Ipsos MORI Issues Index
34%
33%
33%
33%
22%
21%
19%
18%
16%
16%
15%
39%
29%
44%
18%
11%
12%
15%
16%
7%
Housing
NHS/Hospitals/Healthcare
Economy
Immigration/immigrants
Unemployment
Crime/Law and Order/ASB
Low pay/Fair wages
Poverty/Inequality
Education/Schools
Taxation
Top mentions %
London
Britain
6
Londoners are stressed about it!
Base: 1,000 adults in London 18+, 27 August – 7 September 2015.
To what extent, if at all, do you personally feel that concerns about the cost of your housing cause you stress these days? Do they cause you…
Source: Ipsos MORI / London Councils
23
21 32
22
1 % A great deal
% A fair amount
% Not very much
% None at all
Don’t know
44%
54%
75% of private renters say housing costs cause them a great deal or fair amount
of stress
7
Cameron becomes PM
Under the radar? Poverty/inequality (but public agree something needs to be done on welfare) What do you see as the most/other important issues facing Britain today?
Source: Ipsos MORI Issues Index
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
May1998
May1999
May2000
May2001
May2002
May2003
May2004
May2005
May2006
May2007
May2008
May2009
May2010
May2011
May2012
May2013
May2014
May2015
Sept 1999: Alastair Darling – “one child in
three” living in poverty July 2014:
highest score recorded (18%)
January 2005: Make Poverty History campaign launched
on New Year’s Day
Base: representative sample of c.1,000 British adults age 18+ each month, interviewed face-to-face in home
8
Cameron becomes PM
Under the radar? Low pay/minimum wages/fair pay What do you see as the most/other important issues facing Britain today?
Source: Ipsos MORI Issues Index
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
May1999
May2000
May2001
May2002
May2003
May2004
May2005
May2006
May2007
May2008
May2009
May2010
May2011
May2012
May2013
May2014
May2015
Base: representative sample of c.1,000 British adults age 18+ each month, interviewed face-to-face in home
Highest recorded score (15%)
9
Cameron becomes PM
Under the radar? Europe What do you see as the most/other important issues facing Britain today?
Source: Ipsos MORI Issues Index
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
May1997
May1998
May1999
May2000
May2001
May2002
May2003
May2004
May2005
May2006
May2007
May2008
May2009
May2010
May2011
May2012
May2013
May2014
May2015
Treaty of Accession: 10 new EU Member States
France and Holland reject ratification of EU constitution
Lowest score recorded (1%) UKIP come first in
Euro elections
Base: representative sample of c.1,000 British adults age 18+ each month, interviewed face-to-face in home
Cameron’s EU membership renegotiation enters final phase;
highest score since June 2005
Context AN UNCERTAIN WORLD
Life is more comfortable compared to the 1970s
1975 2015
96% 96%
71%
43%
Washing machine
ownership
Central heating
Number of products in the average supermarket
47,000 2015
8,948 1975
But we look back with nostalgia….
85%
75%
74%
72%
70%
70%
69%
67%
66%
65%
64%
63%
62%
61%
60%
60%
59%
54%
48%
43%
35%
Turkey
China
S Africa
India
Italy
Brazil
US
Australia
Russia
Poland
Total
Belgium
Argentina
GB
France
S Korea
Canada
Germany
Spain
Japan
Sweden
People led happier lives in the old days when they had fewer problems to cope with
Maximum house prices
£59,700,000
£350,000
1975 2014
£86,000,000
£10,846
Maximum football transfer records
56% agree “there are too
many immigrants in…”
77% agree “the world is changing too fast”
77% agree “the world is an
increasingly dangerous place to live”
CHANGE ANXIETY
16 Thinking about the economic downturn, which of these statements comes closest to your view?
Can’t forget the context of the years since the crash
Base: 1,009 online British adults aged 16-75, 9-11 November 2012 Source: Ipsos MORI/British Future
31%
56%
13%
Even though the recession has been tough, Britain will
be stronger when it gets through it
The recession has been so tough that
Britain will be weaker because of it for years to come
Don't know
17
And the record levels of economic optimism before the election have dissipated…..
17 DO YOU THINK THAT THE GENERAL ECONOMIC CONDITION OF THE COUNTRY WILL
IMPROVE, STAY THE SAME OR GET WORSE OVER THE NEXT 12 MONTHS?
Source: Ipsos MORI Political Monitor
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
May
201
0
Jul 2
010
Sep
2010
Nov
201
0
Jan
2011
Mar
201
1
May
201
1
Jul 2
011
Sep
2011
Nov
201
1
Jan
2012
Mar
201
2
May
201
2
Jul 2
012
Sep
2012
Nov
201
2
Jan
2013
Mar
201
3
May
201
3
Jul 2
013
Sep
2013
Nov
201
3
Jan
2014
Mar
201
4
May
201
4
Jul 2
014
Sep
2014
Nov
201
4
Jan
2015
Mar
201
5
May
201
5
Jul 2
015
Sep
2015
Nov
201
5
Jan
2016
-13
Base: 1,027 British adults 18+, 23rd – 25th January 2016.
2015 GE 2010 GE
18
A better future no longer seems so certain – in the West at least
78%
48%
47%
46%
41%
41%
41%
37%
34%
32%
30%
30%
30%
27%
26%
24%
22%
21%
16%
16%
12%
ChinaBrazil
TurkeyIndia
JapanRussia
S AfricaTotal
ArgentinaSweden
AustraliaGermany
PolandS Korea
USCanada
GBItaly
SpainFrance
Belgium
Better
Total
Great Britain
To what extent, if at all, do you feel that your generation will
have had a better or worse life than your parents’ generation,
or will it be about the same?
1
2
3
4
5
T
7
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
82% 52% 50% 51% 47% 42% 42% 42% 40% 40% 40% 38% 35% 40% 29% 33% 36% 34% 25% 25% 24%
Base: 16,039 adults across 20 countries (1,000 GB), online, 3-17 Sept 2013
Total Under 30s
What does this mean for public services?
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THE AUSTERITY
WE DON’T LIKE IT, BUT ARE WE LEARNING TO LIVE WITH IT?
YEARS.
22 Document Name Here | Month 2015 | Version 1 | Public | Internal Use Only | Confidential | Strictly Confidential (DELETE CLASSIFICATION)
ARE WE GETTING USED TO THE NEW NORMAL?
Base: 1,001 British adults 18+, 8th – 11th August 2015
8%
8%
25%
15%
49%
39%
10%
37%
8%
2%
November 2012
August 2015
A great deal A fair amount Not very much Not at all Don't know
BIG INCREASE IN THOSE SAYING BY CUTS.
NOT AFFECTED
As you may know, the government has announced a number of spending cuts to help reduce the national debt To what extent, if at all, have you and your family been affected by the cuts so far?
23%
33%
76%
59%
Source: Ipsos MORI
23 © Ipsos Public Affairs PERILS OF PERCEPTION |
ACTUAL LEVELS OF PUBLIC SPENDING WE UNDERESTIMATE THE EXTENT OF CUTS TO
WE ARE ALSO WRONG ON
HOUSING, EDUCATION, TRANSPORT & POLICING BUT DON’T APPRECIATE THE INCREASES AWARDED TO PENSIONERS AND THE NHS.
AVERAGE GUESS 2% CUT OVER 5 YEARS ACTUAL 13% INCREASE IN REAL TERMS
AVERAGE GUESS 3% CUT OVER 5 YEARS ACTUAL 4% INCREASE IN REAL TERMS
24 Document Name Here | Month 2015 | Version 1 | Public | Internal Use Only | Confidential | Strictly Confidential (DELETE CLASSIFICATION) 24
MANY SERVICES
• Eight in ten still satisfied with their GP
• Local services not perceived to have taken a hit in quality in their bread-and-butter street-scene services – lighting, cleaning and bin collection.
HOLDING UP SURPRISINGLY WELL.
25
And many people accepted the need for cuts
13%
31%
28%
4%
24% Don't know/None of these
Spending restrictions and cuts have affected services a lot
without reducing waste
Spending restrictions and cuts have reduced the waste in public services but affected services a
lot
Spending restrictions and cuts have reduced the waste in public
services without affecting services much
AS YOU MAY KNOW THERE HAVE BEEN A RANGE OF SPENDING RESTRICTIONS AND CUTS ON PUBLIC SERVICES UNDER THE COALITION GOVERNMENT, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST REFLECTS YOUR VIEW?
Base: 2,024 online British adults aged 18-75, 24-28 April 2015 Source: Ipsos MORI/Policy Network
Spending restrictions and cuts didn’t reduce waste or affect public
services
44% spending cuts have
reduced waste
59% spending cuts have
affected services
26 Document Name Here | Month 2015 | Version 1 | Public | Internal Use Only | Confidential | Strictly Confidential (DELETE CLASSIFICATION)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Mar
-02
Oct
-02
May
-03
Dec
-03
Jul-0
4
Feb-
05
Sep-
05
Apr-
06
Nov
-06
Jun-
07
Jan-
08
Aug-
08 Mar
-09
Oct
-09
May
-10
Dec
-10
Jul-1
1
Feb-
12
Sep-
12
Apr-
13
Nov
-13
Jun-
14
Jan-
15
Aug-
15
BUT BIG INCREASES IN CONCERN
Source: Ipsos MORI Base: c.1,000 British adults each month
FOR THE FUTURE OF THE NHS AND POLICE. Thinking about the quality of THE NHS/the way your area is policed over the next few years do you expect it to…?
35 Policing
NHS
% get worse
55
27
And real concern about future risks
Source: Ipsos MORI
Particular concerns for: - services: longer-term,
less visible, not ring-fenced - citizens: heavy service
users, vulnerable, or going through lifestyle transitions
Resourcing (quality/access/
eligibility impacts) “Cost-
shunting”
Impact on staff (training budgets, pace of change,
loss of experience)
Complex/multi-agency delivery
systems
Private/third sector delivery
Social change (aging, popn
growth & immigration,
diversity)
Increased use of
digital/privacy implications
28
Public service leaders say easy changes already made, so looking ahead, challenges even greater More radical approaches require new skills, political will or difficult conversations with users…….
Source: Ipsos MORI/Deloitte
Stop delivering some services Work in partnership with other sectors more
Cut more staff (including frontline)
Make better use of technology
Make better use of staff through more flexible contracts
Enable communities to do more for themselves
Commission more services
Enable other providers to do more
29
And even though 76% say how they are treated is as important as the final outcome, there is a long way to go…
Base: 1,007 British adults 15+; 10-16 July 2015 Source: Ipsos MORI/Collaborate
How often, if at all, do you think organisations that deliver public services…?
4%
2%
2%
2%
2%
17%
15%
13%
12%
11%
49%
44%
42%
34%
35%
18%
20%
24%
26%
27%
10%
11%
15%
22%
21%
3%
8%
4%
3%
4%
Always Often Sometimes Hardly ever Never Don't know
… understand your needs?
… work with other public services to give you something they
couldn’t on their own?
… offer you a personalised service?
… listen to your preferences?
… involve you in decisions about how you use the service?
Version 1 | Internal Use © Ipsos MORI
Where do charities fit in?
Version 1 | Internal Use © Ipsos MORI
Becoming more important to our society?
9
21
30 34
40
19
90
78
69 64
57
81
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
%
Base: Adults aged 18+ in England and Wales – 2014 (1163); 2012 (1,142); 2010 (1,150); 2008 (1,008), and 2005 (1,001).
Have you, or any of your close family or friends ever benefited from or used the services of a charity?
% “no”
% “yes”
Source: Charity Commission
Version 1 | Internal Use © Ipsos MORI
Public perceptions around the sector are mixed…..
Source: Telephone survey conducted among 1,163 adults aged 18+ in England and Wales, 2014
Our research for the Charity Commission suggests trust in charities remains relatively high (a mean score of 6.7 out of
10)...
…but also reveals that people increasingly agree that some fundraising methods make them feel uncomfortable (66% vs.
60% in 2010)…
…and there is still a perception that charities spend too much on salaries and administration (58% vs. 59% in 2012)
33 Veracity Index 2015 Generational Analysis | January 2016 | Version 1 | PUBLIC
Ipsos MORI Veracity Index 2015 – charity chief execs less trusted than doctors, teachers – and hairdressers
89% 86%
80% 79%
69% 68% 68%
67% 65%
59% 53%
51% 49%
47% 46%
43% 42%
37% 37%
35% 25% 25%
22% 21%
DoctorsTeachers
JudgesScientists
HairdressersThe Police
Ordinary Man/Woman in the streetClergy/Priests
TV news readersCivil Servants
PollstersLawyers
Managers in the NHSCharity Chief Executives
Trade Union OfficialsLocal Councillors
BuildersBankers
Managers in Local GovernmentBusiness Leaders
JournalistsEstate Agents
Government MinistersPoliticians generally
“Now I will read you a list of different types of people. For each would you tell me if you generally trust them to tell the truth, or not?”
% trust to tell the truth
Base: 990 British adults aged 15+, fieldwork 5th December 2015 – 4th January 2016
Version 1 | Internal Use © Ipsos MORI
What are people thinking: large or small?
930 online adults age 16-75; charity turnover information from NCVO UK Civil Society Almanac Source: NPC/NCVO/Ipsos MORI
73%
29%
16% Annual income >£100k
27%
71%
51% Annual income <£10k
Large organisations Small organisations
What comes to mind…
More likely to donate
to…
The sector
“reality”
33% Annual income
between £10k and £100k
16% Annual income >£100k
Version 1 | Internal Use © Ipsos MORI
What mental image leads to more/less trust?
Mean trust score:
Run by volunteers
Publically funded
Not involved in politics
AND AND 6.42
Service provision focus
National organisation
Run by volunteers
AND AND 6.53
International
organisation
Run by professional
s
Awareness raising focus
AND AND 4.64
Base: 136
Base: 385
Base: 99
Awareness raising focus
Run by professional
s
Large organisation
AND AND 4.96 Base: 209
Trust score overall
5.88
36
What does this all mean for public services?
Public services still central to Britons’ values and worldview in difficult times
– Particularly core services (health, education, police) – Equal access and consistency in standards key values – but fairness means
different things to different people
High expectations but no-one thinks services are or will be perfect – Many have frustrations around customer service, inefficiencies, management
while distrust in politicians also creates scepticism – Openness to doing things differently – but risk-averse, need reassurance, and
safeguards in place
So far many yet to feel that cuts have hit service quality – but real concerns about future challenges
– Can public services continue to adapt and evolve before hitting a tipping point?
© Ipsos MORI | Version 1 | Public (DELETE CLASSIFICATION) Version 1 | Internal Use Only Version 1 | Confidential Version 1 | Strictly Confidential
Looking to the future – generations apart?
© Ipsos MORI | Version 1 | Public (DELETE CLASSIFICATION) Version 1 | Internal Use Only Version 1 | Confidential Version 1 | Strictly Confidential
All data points represent > 200 responses
Source: British Social Attitudes
“The government should spend more money on welfare benefits for the poor, even if it leads to higher taxes”
Overall public opinion has moved significantly against further redistribution via welfare in Britain….
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Agree
Disagree
© Ipsos MORI | Version 1 | Public (DELETE CLASSIFICATION) Version 1 | Internal Use Only Version 1 | Confidential Version 1 | Strictly Confidential
All data points represent > 200 responses
Source: British Social Attitudes
“The government should spend more money on welfare benefits for the poor, even if it leads to higher taxes…”
But analysis shows attitudes to redistribution change across generations - there are clear cohort and period effects
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Pre war (before 1945) Baby boomers (1945-65) Generation x (1966-1979) Generation y (1980-2000)
% Agree
1. Decline in support across board 2. But generations are different – and stay different 3. Younger age groups are less open to further redistribution
© Ipsos MORI | Version 1 | Public (DELETE CLASSIFICATION) Version 1 | Internal Use Only Version 1 | Confidential Version 1 | Strictly Confidential
“Which, if any, of these would be your highest /second highest priority for extra spending?”
Lack of support for redistribution doesn’t mean Generation Y is a selfish or uncaring generation…
Base: All data points represent>200 responses Source: British Social Attitudes
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Child Benefits
Unemployment Benefits
Single parent benefits
Disability benefits
Old age pensions
Data for generation Y (born 1980 onwards)
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All data points represent > 200 responses
Source: British Social Attitudes
Do you think of yourself as a supporter of any one political party?
Long term implications for political engagement
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
83 84 85 86 87 89 90 91 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Pre war (born before 1945) Baby boomers (born 1945-1965) Generation X (born 1966-1979) Generation Y (born 1980-)
% Yes
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All data points represent > 200 responses
Source: British Social Attitudes
Do you regard yourself as belonging to any particular religion?
And attitudes to other institutions such as religion and the welfare state
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
% Yes
Pre war (born before 1945) Baby boomers (born 1945-1965) Generation X (born 1966-1979) Generation Y (born 1980-)
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All data points represent > 200 responses
Source: British Social Attitudes
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
45.00%
50.00%
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Pre-war (bornbefore 1945)
Baby boomers(born between1945 and 1965
Gen X (bornbetween 1966and 1979)
Gen Y (born since1980)
GE2010
Generational divide on immigration has grown… What would you say is the most important issue/other important issues facing Britain today? Immigration/immigrants
Source: Ipsos MORI Issues Index
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All data points represent > 200 responses
Source: British Social Attitudes
Are sexual relations between two adults of the same sex always wrong, almost always wrong, wrong only sometimes, or not wrong at all?
While also helping explain changes in social values – such as gay relationships and gender roles
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Pre war (born before 1945) Baby boomers (born 1945-1965) Generation X (born 1966-1979) Generation Y (born 1980-)
% Not wrong at all
27%
22%
7%
5%
29%
8%
10%
17%
39%
20%
Baby boomers are seen as the luckiest generation…. 46 AS YOU MAY KNOW, SCOTLAND HAS ITS OWN PARLIAMENT WHICH MAKES DECISIONS ABOUT ISSUES SUCH AS HEALTH AND EDUCATION.
THIS IS NOT THE CASE IN ENGLAND WHERE ALL ISSUES ARE DECIDED BY MPS FROM ACROSS THE UK IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.
Source: Ipsos MORI Base: 1,021British adults 18+, 17th – 19th October 2015
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING GENERATIONS, IF ANY, WOULD YOU SAY WILL HAVE HAD THE BEST QUALITY OF LIFE OVER THEIR LIFETIME? AND WHICH WILL HAVE HAD THE WORST?
I’D NOW LIKE YOU TO THINK ABOUT THE THINGS THAT MAKE UP PEOPLE’S QUALITY OF LIFE SUCH AS ACCESS TO JOBS, HEALTHCARE, EDUCATION, HOUSING, BENEFITS FROM GOVERNMENT, AND SO ON.
People aged between 36 and 49 (Generation X)
People aged between 50 and 69 (baby-boomers)
People aged 70 or over (pre-war generation)
People aged between 15 and 35 (Generation Y)
People aged under 15 (Generation Z)
% BEST QUALITY OF LIFE
% WORST QUALITY OF LIFE
-9
+34
+10
-12
-19
Best minus worst quality of life
14%
11%
26%
17%
14%
19%
30%
8%
9%
27%
While pre-war and Gen Y are the top priorities for help 47 AS YOU MAY KNOW, SCOTLAND HAS ITS OWN PARLIAMENT WHICH MAKES DECISIONS ABOUT ISSUES SUCH AS HEALTH AND EDUCATION.
THIS IS NOT THE CASE IN ENGLAND WHERE ALL ISSUES ARE DECIDED BY MPS FROM ACROSS THE UK IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.
Source: Ipsos MORI Base: 1,021British adults 18+, 17th – 19th October 2015
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING GENERATIONS, IF ANY, DO YOU THINK SHOULD BE THE HIGHEST PRIORITY FOR GOVERNMENT HELP FOR THEIR QUALITY OF LIFE OVER THE NEXT FEW YEARS? AND WHICH SHOULD BE THE LOWEST PRIORITY?
NOW THINK ABOUT THE QUALITY OF LIFE FOR PEOPLE IN BRITAIN WHO HAVE GROWN UP IN DIFFERENT GENERATIONS.
People aged between 36 and 49 (Generation X)
People aged between 50 and 69 (baby-boomers)
People aged 70 or over (pre-war generation)
People aged between 15 and 35 (Generation Y)
People aged under 15 (Generation Z)
% HIGHEST PRIORITY
% LOWEST PRIORITY
+13
-8
-18
+19
+5
Highest minus lowest priority
But we aren’t selfish – most of us still put other generations first
48 AS YOU MAY KNOW, SCOTLAND HAS ITS OWN PARLIAMENT WHICH MAKES DECISIONS ABOUT ISSUES SUCH AS HEALTH AND EDUCATION. THIS IS NOT THE CASE IN ENGLAND WHERE ALL ISSUES ARE DECIDED BY MPS FROM ACROSS THE UK IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.
Source: Ipsos MORI Base: 1,021British adults 18+, 17th – 19th October 2015
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING GENERATIONS, IF ANY, DO YOU THINK SHOULD BE THE HIGHEST PRIORITY FOR GOVERNMENT HELP FOR THEIR QUALITY OF LIFE OVER THE NEXT FEW YEARS? AND WHICH SHOULD BE THE LOWEST PRIORITY?
NOW THINK ABOUT THE QUALITY OF LIFE FOR PEOPLE IN BRITAIN WHO HAVE GROWN UP IN DIFFERENT GENERATIONS.
18-34 35-49 50-69 70+
Pre-war 23 28 31 26
Baby-boomers
3 9 17 3
Gen X 10 8 3 15
Gen Y 35 26 27 30
Gen Z 23 22 15 14
18-34 35-49 50-69 70+
Pre-war 11 10 14 28
Baby-boomers
18 24 13 11
Gen X 31 27 27 13
Gen Y 9 11 11 13
Gen Z 17 9 16 13
HIGHEST PRIORITY LOWEST PRIORITY
Only going to become more important to understand generational patterns
Need to be careful on assumptions about young:
• Do not see large institutional responses as automatic solutions
• Unstoppable individualising pressures in culture/technology: so much of experience can be filtered/tailored
• But not uncaring or selfish: as active, just in different ways
• Danger of wrong conversation with them – we still don’t fully understand how to react
Generational patterns seen across Europe – UK an extreme case
Real fragmentation in future not class/wealth/inequality OR generation – it’s both/where they interact