The Mongols Lots and lots of Mongolian Problems. The Early Mongolians Began as nomadic horsemen on...
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Transcript of The Mongols Lots and lots of Mongolian Problems. The Early Mongolians Began as nomadic horsemen on...
![Page 1: The Mongols Lots and lots of Mongolian Problems. The Early Mongolians Began as nomadic horsemen on Mongolian Steppe – Primarily herders of sheep and yaks.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050803/5a4d1b277f8b9ab059997999/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The MongolsLots and lots of Mongolian Problems
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The Early Mongolians
• Began as nomadic horsemen on Mongolian Steppe– Primarily herders of
sheep and yaks– Very good with shooting
bows from horseback• Mongols split between
different nobles and warlords
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Genghis (Chinggis) Khan (1162? – 1227)
• Born Temujin• Father killed when he was 9• Started bringing tribes
together to re-capture his wife Borte– Had to deal with other
nobles and uncles• 1206 crowned as Khan of
the Mongol nation
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The Conquests of Genghis Khan
• 1209 – Genghis attacks Xi Xia in Northwest China (Easy Victory over Buddhist society)
• 1214 – Genghis attacks Jin in Northeast China (Easy Victory, ends with sacking of Zhongdu)
• 1218 – Khwarizm (Persians) kill Mongol envoy
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The Conquests of Genghis Khan
• 1218-1221 – Genghis chases Persian king across Central, and western Asia (Conquering and killing)– Central Asia, Northern India, Southern Russia to
empire• 1226 – Xi Xia rebel, hold up in city of Ningxia
(flooded out and erased from earth)– Genghis dies in 1227 (possibly by Tangut princess)
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The Empire of Genghis Khan (1227)
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Genghis Khan’s Legacy• Religious Tolerance – Allowed conquered people
to retain their own religion• Writing – 1204 commissioned development of
written language• Trade and Crafts – Supported trade and artisans• Legal Code – “Jasagh” a moral code that
dictated acceptable pastoral life • Split empire between sons when he died
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Ögedei Khan (1229 – 1241)• Third son of Genghis Khan from first wife• 1230-1231 – Conquered Persia• 1230-1234 – Conquered Jin Empire (Kaifeng)– With help of Song, who then betrayed Mongols (killed
envoy)• 1232-1240 – Conquered Caucuses – Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia
• 1224-1241 – Conquest of Korea– (started when Mongol envoy killed)
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Ögedei Khan (1229 – 1241)• Europe – Mongols
conquered Russia, pushing on to Austria when Ögedei died
• 1235-1245 – Attacked Song– Song killed envoy
• 1241 – Conquered Northwest India
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Golden Horde 1225- 1502• Mongols under the
Command of Batu grew to control most of modern day Russia
• Forced Rus to act as tributary states
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Kublai Khan (1260-1294)
• 1279 – Finally conquered remainder of Song Empire– Established capital in Khanbaliq
where he ruled Korea, China, and Tibet
• 1279 and 1281 tried to invade Japan
• 1287 - Vietnam• 1277, 1283, 1287 – Conquest of
Burma
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Mongol Empire Extent