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Neuroanatornv Lab

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P. S. ,St,~l.khg disk?

THE MODEL BRAIN

How to Get an "A" on Neuro Practicals:

Do the laser disk. Stalking the Wild is not only the best use of your time, it is also representative of the exam format. This model, the plastic cross-sections, and other aids are useful ways to get oriented. But get distracted from using the disk. Mastkring these disks will allow you to answer the learning objective questions from your Neuroanatomv Lab Notes, which is the source of specific exam questions.

So use this model? Well, it's a good way to get oriented, and to test your overall knowledge prior to the final exam. This manual contains keys which will help you do those two things.

How to Use This Model:

The first three sections of this manual match the learning objectives from the first three sections of your

Notes. The keys match the paragraphs of the learning objectives 1, 3, which are the ones you'll need to know for the first exam. The model has limitations. It works well for "gross brain" objectives, for example. But it is almost useless for "spinal cord" objectives.

Following the learning objective keys (Sections You'll also find a key for the entire model--SAVE LATER! It's a good tool to use before the final exam, or if you can-t visualize structures that come up later in the course (like the thalamus).

Use the keys in QUIZ FORMAT. Cover either half of the page as you move down the key to quiz yourself or study partners.

And don't forget to go back to the Stalking disk.

BITCH--JUST FIX IT!

If you find out what one of the mystery labels represents, or locate the elusive #33 (or simply find an error), please fix it. Ask Dr. Caldwell for the disk that contains these keys. Make the appropriate change and insert the corrected page. Thank you!

Good luck, and have fun! Bruce Evans Class of 1997

Did I mention using the

-

-

Occipital

sulci

Lateral

-

-

P~rahippocampal

Parietooccipital

20-22, 35-37, 41, 42

40/43

LEARNING ORJECTIVES

1. GROSS BRAIN

Cerebral lobes

Frontal

- Parietal

- Temporal

-

Central

sulci

Frontal gyri

- Superior

Middle

- Inferior

Frecentral gyri

Postcentral gyri

Temporal gyri

- Superior

Middle

- Inferior

Uncus

Occipitotemporal gyri

gyri

Orbital gyri

Gyrus rectus

Calcarine sulcus

sulcus

1-3, 5, 7 , 23, 29-31, 38 (light green), 40, 43

27 , 28, 38 (dark green), 17-19

Between 3 and 4

Between 22/41 and

28 (bump)

35-37

Groove in 17, and between 17 and 18

Between 7/31/30 and 18/19

I n s u l a

motor

-

-

Mamrnillary

-

-

cornmissure

-

-

-

) ,

(SP,)

Th/tan

Hth/tan peach

H/yellow Oc/blue

Pons/brown

15

Cingulate gyrus

Primary c o r t e x

Primary sensory c o r t e x

Primary v i s u a l c o r t e x

Corpus callosum

genu

body

- splenium

Septum pellucidum

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

- Infundibular s t a l k

- body

Ol fac to ry bulb

Ol fac to ry t r a c t

Optic nerve

chiasm

t r a c t

Anter ior

P i n e a l gland

Brain stem

middle

pons

medulla

13 and 14 (Beep looking!

middle c o l o r s

c l e a r p l a s t i c

( n o t e subd iv i s ions , which y o u ' l l need t o l e a r n l a t e r )

and

goes t o from Optic chiasm, which is

Not l abe led

Not l abe led

Pyramids

(quadrigeminal)

BP/brown

IO,/light

F/light

A/M/P

SC/IC

Rostra1 I11

Superior colliculi

Inferior colliculi

Cerebral peduncle

Basal pons

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Olive

- decussat ion

Cerebellar hemisphere

Cerebellar flocculus

Cerebellar vermis

Lateral ventricle

3rd ventricle

4th ventricle

Cerebral aqueduct

Choroid plexus

Cisterna magna

Superior cistern

Interpeduncular cistern

FP, Pyr, PP

green

Light yellow, purple

blue

(hemisection)

Lateral to septum pellucidum

Bisected (midbrain)

Between cerebellum and brainstem

Between and MLF

All ventricles, but not in the cerebral aqueduct

Inferior to cerebellum

Posterior to IC (empty space)

to pons, where exits

-

-

-

Willis

Willis

,/b

V/green

IX/pink,

X/pink

XI/pink

XII/pink

CRANIAL NERVES

- Olfactory

Optic

- Oculomotor

- Trochlear

- Trigeminal

- Abducens

Facial

- Vestibulocochlear

- Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

- Accessory

- Hypoglossal

Vessels forming the Circle of

Arteries leaving the Circle of

Vertebral-basilar vessels

Thalamostriate veins

Choroidal veins

II lue

and pink, exits basal pons

next to X

and blue

(with IX and X)

(near inferior olive

Use Chapter 5 of Nolte's "The Human Brain" to locate and trace the following vessels:

- Anterior cerebral a. (artery) - Middle cerebral a. - Internal carotid a. (cut) - Posterior communicating a. - Posterior cerebral a.

Trace these vessels on the model:

- Internal carotid a. - Anterior cerebral a. - Middle cerebral a. - Posterior cerebral a.

Not shown

Not shown

Not shown

Internal cerebral vein

Great cerebral vein

Venous angle

Superior to M,/yellow, which is the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus

Between 29 and 37

Not shown

2.

Fornix

callosum

comrnissure

Putamen

Globus pallidus

Insula

CC,/multiple

Pu/black dark

Ca/dark

Th/tan

Hth/tan

IC/brown marked

CROSS-SECTIONAL ANATOMY

Lateral ventricle

Corpus

Anterior

Amygdala

Caudate nucleus

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Internal capsule

Third ventricle

Hippocampal formationd

Not labeled

colors

(very green)

green and brown

(grey) on medial surface

and peach

(multiple colors on other surface, "capsule")

Not labeled

3.

gracilis

f

Spinothalamic

SPV/dark

Gr/blue

Cu,/blue

STh/blue

SC/light

SPINAL CORD

Posterior funiculi

Lateral funiculi

Posterior horns

Anterior horns

Dorsolateral fasciculus

Intermediolateral cell column

Fasciculus

Fasciculus cuneatus

tract

Lateral corticospinal tract

Not labeled

Light green

Not shown

Not shown

green

Not shown

green

2 .

16

(postcentral

? )

(

4

1, and 3

5 and 7

6 and 8

11

12

13

14

15

17

18 and 19

17, 18 and 19

20

21

22

NUMBER KEY

Primary somatosensory area gyrus)

Primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)

Somatosensory association area (of parietal lobe)

Premotor cortex (supplementary motor area) and Frontal eye field ( inferiorly)

Superior frontal gyrus

Frontal pole, frontal lobe of cerebral hemisphere

Orbital gyrus

Gyrus rectus

Temporal operculum

Parietal operculum

Insula

? (missing

Primary visual cortex

Visual association cortex

Occipital cortex

Inferior temporal gyrus

Middle temporal gyrus

Superior temporal gyrus auditory association cortex)

Cingulate gyrus, posterior part (Brodman's area 23)

Cingulate gyrus, middle (Brodman's area 24)

uncus)

30

OR/blue)

Opercular

Opercular(45) Triangular(47)

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

35, 36, and 37

38 (dark green)

38 (light green)

39

40

41

42

43

44

Paraterminal gyrus

Brodman's area 26 (See Brodman's Key)

Brodman's area 27

Parahippocampal gyrus (medial bump is

Isthmus of cingulate gyrus

Brodman's area

Brodman's area 31

Brodman's area 32

? (missing?)

Brodman's area (olfactory)

Brodman's area 35

Brodman's area 36

Occipitotemporal gyrus

Temporal pole

Angular gyrus

? (superior to

Supramarginal gyrus

Primary auditory cortex

Auditory cortex-2

Brodman's area 43

part of Inferior frontal gyrus (part of Broca's Area)

and part of

Inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's Area)

Brodman's area 46

CEREBELLUM KEY

PQ,/ye 1 low

SS/yellow

S/ye 1 low

SL,/ye 1 low

BV/yellow

BC,/dark brown

Hemisections

- A

- M

- !?

De/black

Primary fissure

Horizontal fissure

Central lobule, in anterior lobe

Anterior (quadrangular) lobule

Posterior quadrangular lobe

Superior semilunar lobule

Inferior semilunar lobule

Gracile lobule

Biventral (or biventer) lobule

Tonsil

Flocculus

Basil pons/M. cerebellar peduncle

Inferior cerebellar peduncle (Restiform body)

Superior cerebellar peduncle .

Anterior lobe

Middle lobe

Posterior lobe

Dentate nucleus

Between AQ and PQ

Between SS and IS

I

J$TTEREI)

Ca/brown

CC/orange &

Cin/brown

Co/black

EC/light

)

cerebris)

(Brachium

thalamus

Candate

Fasciculus/nucleus

Fornix

capsule)

red, others

Corona Rad

green

SECTION

Anterior nucleus of thalamus

Anterior comrnissure

? (Anterior limb of Internal capsule?

Amygdala

? (Acoustic radiation?)

Superior cerebellar peduncle (Brachium

Inferior brachium (also brachium of Inferior colliculus)

Olfactory bulb

Middle cerebellar peduncle pontis)

Centromedian nucleus of

Corpus callosum

Cingulate gyrus (shown internally)

Cochlear nerves

Corona radiata (thru Internal capsule)

cuneatus

Pyramidal decussation

? (what is it?)

? (part of Internal

FM,/ l'ow

FP/orange

GY/dark

Grblue

Hth/peach &

IO/light

S/b

LG/dark

(.part

Globus pallidus

Fasciculus/nucleus

C-Nerve

(labled

Amygdala)

I

ye 1

green

tan

Inf IC

green

lue

blue

? of Internal capsule)

? (part of Pyramidal tract)

gracilis

Habenular nucleus

Hippocampus

Pituitary gland on Infundibular stalk

Hypothalamus

Entry of I into Olfactory bulb

Inferior colliculus

Internal capsule "capsule" on other part)

Intralaminar nuclei of thalamus

Internal capsule, inferior radiation

Inferior olive

Inferior sagittal sinus

Lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus

Lateral dorsal nucleus of thalamus

Lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus

Lateral lemniscus

Lateral olfactory stria (enters

MG/black

ML/blue

MLF/green

Re/light

Mammillothalamic

&

comrnissure

peduncle

Putamen

(dark blue)

Mammillary body

Dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus

Medial geniculate body

Medial lemniscus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Median olfactory stria

tract

Substantia nigra

Occipital fasciculus Occipital forceps

Optic radiation

Optic tract

Pulvinar

Pineal body

Posterior Columns

Posterior

Cerebral

? (part of Cerebral peduncle)

Pyramid

Red nucleus and rubrospinal tract

green Restiform body (also known as Inferior cerebellar peduncle)

Retrolenticular limb of Internal capsule

Ret/gr-ay

RS/gray

SC/blue

SC/light

SI,/blue

SM/orange

So/blue

S P / c

Spv/green

)

Spinothalamic

'

green

lear

Reticular formation

Reticulospinal tract

Superior colliculus

Lateral corticospinal tract

Anterior perforated substance

Stria medullaris thalami

? (part of the thalamus)

Septum pellucidum

Dorsolateral fasciculus

Stria terminalis (output of Amygdala

Straight sinus

tract

Substantia nigra

Transverse sinus

Nucleus prepositus

Tegmentum

Thalamus

Olfactory tract

Tectospinal tract

Ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus

Vestibular nucleus

Ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus

Ventral corticospinal tract

BRODMAN'S

Postcentral proprioception

Cingulate gyrus

gypus

~ n d

AREAS

1, 2 and 3 - Touch, pain, temperature, gyrus conscious

4 - Precentral gyrus General movement control

6, 8 and 9 "Pre-motor" (some general movement, connects to basal ganglia, control of eye movements)

5 and 7 - Parietal lobe Sensory association cortex (interpretation of senses perceived in areas 1, 2, 3)

9, 10, 11, 46, 47 - Frontal "Higher" intellectual lobe functions

23, 24, 31, 33 - May add emotional "tone" to sensory experiences, including pain

11, 12 - Orbital region of May have inhibitory effect on frontal lobe expression of emotions

17 - Lips of calcarine sulcus Vision (Primary visual cortex)

18 and 19 - Occipital lobe Visual association and interpretation

28, 34, 11, 38 Olfactory

28 Olfactory memory

Complex memory and imaging processing

41 and 42 - Superior temporal Primary auditory cortex, perception of sound

21 - Middle temporal gyrus Auditory memory

middle Auditory association temporal gyrus (interpretation of sounds,

including speech)

22 - Superior

44 and 45 - Pars triangularis Broca's areas for control of and pars opercularis speech-associated movements

37 Visual memory

39 - Angular gyrus Important in reading

40 - Supramarginal gyrus Comprehension and ability to repeat speech

22 - Posterior end of Wernicke's area (sensory superior temporal gyrus speech) a