The MMPI-2-RF (Restructured Form) Forensic Practice Briefing · Using the MMPI-2-RF in Forensic...
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The MMPI-2-RF (Restructured Form) Forensic Practice Briefing Yossef S. Ben-Porath Department of Psychology Kent State University Kent, OH [email protected] Disclosure Yossef Ben-Porath is a paid consultant to the MMPI publisher, the University of Minnesota, and distributor, Pearson. As co-author of the MMPI-2-RF he receives royalties on sales of the test. Agenda MMPI-2-RF Overview Using the MMPI-2-RF in Forensic Assessments Admissibility Discussion
Transcript of The MMPI-2-RF (Restructured Form) Forensic Practice Briefing · Using the MMPI-2-RF in Forensic...
The MMPI-2-RF (Restructured Form)
Forensic Practice BriefingYossef S. Ben-Porath
Department of PsychologyKent State University
Kent, [email protected]
Disclosure
Yossef Ben-Porath is a paid consultant to the MMPI publisher, the University of Minnesota, and distributor, Pearson. As co-author of the MMPI-2-RF he receives royalties on sales of the test.
AgendaMMPI-2-RF OverviewUsing the MMPI-2-RF in Forensic AssessmentsAdmissibilityDiscussion
MMPI-2-RF Overview338-item version of MMPI-2
Released August, 2008Authors: Ben-Porath & TellegenSubset of MMPI-2 poolNorms based on MMPI-2 sampleMMPI-2 remains available and supported
MMPI-2-RF Overview• 51 Scales
• 9 Validity Scales• 3 Higher-Order Scales• 9 RC Scales• 23 Specific Problems Scales
• 5 Somatic/Cognitive• 9 Internalizing• 4 Externalizing• 5 Interpersonal
• 2 Interest Scales• 5 PSY-5 Scales
Using the MMPI-2-RF in Forensic Assessments
Using the MMPI-2-RF in Forensic Assessments
Why?Efficient, comprehensive, validated assessment of variables of relevance in forensic assessments
Self-presentationPsychopathologyPersonality characteristicsBehavioral proclivities
Shorter instrument more likely to produce valid results in individuals who struggle with 567-item inventoryLess time to interpretMore likely to generate reliable interpretation
Using the MMPI-2-RF in Forensic Assessments
Challenges:Familiarity (Competence)Adversarial system
Familiarity (Competence)
DocumentationManual for Administration, Scoring and InterpretationTechnical Manual
Interpreting the MMPI-2-RFSupport competent use of the test
Familiarity (Competence)
TrainingNational Program of General and Setting-Specific Workshopshttp://psychcorp.pearsonassessments.com/pai/ca/training/workshops/MMPI.htm
Adversarial System
Introduction of a newer version of an existing instrument provides fodder for the cross-examinerCan challenge:
Admissibility (rare)Weight of the evidence (deposition/trial testimony)
Ben-Porath (2012):
Daubert Factors and the MMPI-2-RF
Daubert Factors
Has the technique been tested?
Has it been subjected to peer review?
What is the technique’s known or potential rate of error?
Are there standards controlling the technique’s operation?
Is the technique generally accepted?
Has the technique been tested?
Are empirical data available on the technique?
MMPI-2-RF Technical Manual
Has the technique been tested?
Internal structural analyses:Intercorrelations between 51 MMPI-2-RF Scales
Normative and clinical samplesCorrelations between MMPI-2/MMPI-2-RF
Validity ScalesSubstantive Scales
N=5,07039,855 correlations
Has the MMPI-2-RF been tested?
Empirical Correlates inMental Health
OutpatientInpatient
MedicalSubstance Abuse TreatmentForensic- CivilForensic- CriminalNon-Clinical
N= 4,336 Men; 2,327 Women605 Criteria53,970 Correlations
MMPI-2-RF: Standard Comparison Groups
MMPI-2-RF Normative (Men & Women)Outpatient, Community Mental Health Center (Men & Women)Outpatient, Independent Practice (Men & Women)Psychiatric Inpatient, Community Hospital (Men & Women)Psychiatric Inpatient, VA Hospital (Men)Substance Abuse Treatment, VA (Men)Bariatric Surgery Candidate (Men & Women)Spine Surgery/Spinal Cord Stimulator Candidates (Men & Women)Chronic Pain Evaluee (Men & Women)College Counseling Clinic (Men & Women)College Student (Men & Women)Forensic, Disability Claimant (Men & Women)Forensic, Independent Neuropsychological Examination (Men & Women)Forensic, Pre-trial Criminal (Men & Women)Forensic, Child Custody (Men & Women)Forensic, Parental Fitness Evaluee (Men & Women)Prison Inmate (Men & Women)Personnel Screening, Law Enforcement (Men, Women & Combined)Personnel Screening, Corrections Officer (Men, Women & Combined)Personnel Screening, Clergy Candidates (Men, Women, & Combined)
Forensic –Criminal Defendants
Forensic, Pre-Trial Criminal
VRIN-r TRIN-r F-r Fp-r Fs FBS-r RBS L-r K-r
Mean - Men 54 52 75 59 64 60 63 55 46Standard Dev 10 10 28 15 20 16 19 12 11Mean - Women 54 50 69 56 66 65 62 54 46Standard Dev 10 10 23 15 22 16 17 11 11
MMPI-2-RF Validity Scales
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
VRIN-r TRIN-r F-r Fp-r Fs FBS-r RBS L-r K-r
Men (n=551) Women (n=223)
T
Forensic Pre-Trial Criminal
EID THD BXD RCd RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9
Mean - Men 59 62 61 60 60 58 56 64 66 56 60 52Standard Dev 15 18 12 14 15 14 12 13 18 14 16 11Mean - Women 61 56 54 61 63 58 52 59 59 56 56 48Standard Dev 14 15 11 14 15 14 11 12 16 13 14 10
MMPI-2-RF Higher-Order (HOD) and Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
EID THD BXD RCd RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9
Men (n=551) Women (n=223)
Higher-Order Restructured Clinical
Forensic Pre-Trial Criminal
MLS GIC HPC NUC COG SUI HLP SFD NFC STW AXY ANP BRF MSFMean - Men 59 57 56 61 60 63 55 57 55 56 60 54 53 48Standard Dev 14 16 13 16 16 24 14 13 12 12 17 13 12 9Mean - Women 63 62 61 61 59 57 53 59 57 58 62 53 55 55Standard Dev 13 18 14 15 16 19 13 13 13 12 17 12 13 10
MMPI-2-RF Somatic and Cognitive Scales
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
MLS GIC HPC NUC COG SUI HLP SFD NFC STW AXY ANP BRF MSF
Men (n=551) Women (n=223)
Somatic Internalizing
Forensic Pre-Trial Criminal
JCP SUB AGG ACT FML IPP SAV SHY DSF AES MECMean - Men 62 62 55 52 54 49 54 51 55 45 57Standard Dev 14 15 13 13 14 11 12 11 14 10 10Mean - Women 55 57 50 52 55 52 54 52 52 49 44Standard Dev 12 13 11 13 14 11 12 11 11 11 7
MMPI-2-RF Externalizing, Interpersonal, and Interest Scales
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
JCP SUB AGG ACT FML IPP SAV SHY DSF AES MEC
Men (n=551) Women (n=223)
Externalizing Interpersonal Interest
Forensic Pre-Trial Criminal
AGGR-r PSYC-r DISC-r NEGE-r INTR-r
Mean - Men 53 61 60 58 55Standard Dev 11 18 11 13 12Mean - Women 47 54 51 59 54Standard Dev 9 15 10 13 13
MMPI-2-RF Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) Scales
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
AGGR-r PSYC-r DISC-r NEGE-r INTR-r
Men (n=551) Women (n=223)
Prison Inmates
Prison Inmates
VRIN-r TRIN-r F-r Fp-r Fs FBS-r RBS L-r K-r
Mean - Men 52 51 59 55 54 48 51 57 47Standard Dev 11 10 17 13 13 11 12 11 10Mean - Women 54 51 62 56 59 55 55 58 46Standard Dev 11 11 19 13 16 13 14 11 10
MMPI-2-RF Validity Scales
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
VRIN-r TRIN-r F-r Fp-r Fs FBS-r RBS L-r K-r
Men (n=34933) Women (n=7353)
T
T
Prison Inmate
EID THD BXD RCd RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9
Mean - Men 50 55 63 52 53 49 58 65 59 50 54 53Standard Dev 11 13 12 10 11 10 11 12 14 11 12 11Mean - Women 54 56 58 55 59 51 57 61 58 54 55 51Standard Dev 11 13 11 11 13 11 11 12 13 12 12 11
MMPI-2-RF Higher-Order (HOD) and Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
EID THD BXD RCd RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9
Men (n=34935) Women (n=7354)
Higher-Order Restructured Clinical
Prison Inmate
MLS GIC HPC NUC COG SUI HLP SFD NFC STW AXY ANP BRF MSFMean - Men 53 51 51 53 51 51 50 50 51 51 53 51 53 48Standard Dev 9 11 11 12 12 13 11 10 10 10 13 11 11 8Mean - Women 56 55 57 57 53 51 50 52 53 52 56 52 57 56Standard Dev 11 14 13 13 13 13 11 11 11 11 14 11 13 10
MMPI-2-RF Somatic and Cognitive Scales
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
MLS GIC HPC NUC COG SUI HLP SFD NFC STW AXY ANP BRF MSF
Men (n=34935) Women (n=7354)
Somatic Internalizing
Prison Inmate
JCP SUB AGG ACT FML IPP SAV SHY DSF AES MECMean - Men 65 62 53 50 50 45 49 48 51 46 61Standard Dev 13 15 12 11 11 8 10 10 11 9 9Mean - Women 60 59 51 52 52 48 51 50 51 49 46Standard Dev 12 14 11 12 12 9 10 10 11 10 8
MMPI-2-RF Externalizing, Interpersonal, and Interest Scales
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
JCP SUB AGG ACT FML IPP SAV SHY DSF AES MEC
Men (n=34935) Women (n=7354)
Externalizing Interpersonal Interest
Prison Inmate
AGGR-r PSYC-r DISC-r NEGE-r INTR-r
Mean - Men 57 54 63 52 48Standard Dev 11 13 11 11 10Mean - Women 52 55 54 55 50Standard Dev 10 13 10 12 10
MMPI-2-RF Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) Scales
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
AGGR-r PSYC-r DISC-r NEGE-r INTR-r
Men (n=34935) Women (n=7354)
Forensic –Disability Claimants
Forensic, Disability Claimants
VRIN-r TRIN-r F-r Fp-r Fs FBS-r RBS L-r K-r
Mean - Men 52 51 78 57 70 75 74 56 43Standard Dev 9 10 22 13 21 14 19 11 10Mean - Women 51 51 73 55 69 79 73 57 45Standard Dev 9 10 21 12 22 14 18 11 10
MMPI-2-RF Validity Scales
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
VRIN-r TRIN-r F-r Fp-r Fs FBS-r RBS L-r K-r
Men (n=523) Women (n=480)
T
T
Forensic Disability Claimant
EID THD BXD RCd RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9
Mean - Men 65 58 56 65 74 66 53 55 60 58 59 51Standard Dev 13 14 12 12 13 14 11 12 14 14 13 11Mean - Women 64 56 46 64 75 64 49 49 56 58 57 46Standard Dev 13 12 10 12 13 13 11 11 13 14 12 9
MMPI-2-RF Higher-Order (HOD) and Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
EID THD BXD RCd RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9
Men (n=523) Women (n=480)
Higher-Order Restructured Clinical
Forensic Disability Claimant
MLS GIC HPC NUC COG SUI HLP SFD NFC STW AXY ANP BRF MSFMean - Men 75 67 68 73 70 61 62 60 57 58 66 58 54 47Standard Dev 10 17 11 14 15 21 15 12 12 12 19 13 13 8Mean - Women 75 67 71 71 68 57 58 60 57 58 66 55 57 53Standard Dev 9 18 11 14 15 19 14 12 13 12 18 12 14 10
MMPI-2-RF Somatic and Cognitive Scales
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
MLS GIC HPC NUC COG SUI HLP SFD NFC STW AXY ANP BRF MSF
Men (n=523) Women (n=480)
Somatic Internalizing
Forensic Disability Claimant
JCP SUB AGG ACT FML IPP SAV SHY DSF AES MECMean - Men 58 50 55 49 52 47 57 52 56 41 57Standard Dev 13 10 12 11 11 9 12 10 15 8 9Mean - Women 50 46 49 50 54 51 55 51 53 46 44Standard Dev 11 8 10 11 12 10 12 10 13 9 7
MMPI-2-RF Externalizing, Interpersonal, and Interest Scales
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
JCP SUB AGG ACT FML IPP SAV SHY DSF AES MEC
Men (n=523) Women (n=480)
Externalizing Interpersonal Interest
Forensic Disability Claimant
AGGR-r PSYC-r DISC-r NEGE-r INTR-r
Mean - Men 54 57 55 61 61Standard Dev 11 13 11 13 14Mean - Women 48 56 45 60 59Standard Dev 8 12 9 14 14
MMPI-2-RF Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) Scales
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
AGGR-r PSYC-r DISC-r NEGE-r INTR-r
Men (n=523) Women (n=480)
Child Custody Litigants
Forensic, Child Custody Litigants
VRIN-r TRIN-r F-r Fp-r Fs FBS-r RBS L-r K-r
Mean - Men 43 52 47 45 46 50 47 56 59Standard Dev 8 7 9 6 8 8 9 12 9Mean - Women 45 52 49 46 48 56 49 55 58Standard Dev 8 7 10 6 11 11 9 12 9
MMPI-2-RF Validity Scales
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
VRIN-r TRIN-r F-r Fp-r Fs FBS-r RBS L-r K-r
Men (n=244) Women (n=239)
F
F
EID T HD BXD RCd RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9
Men (n=244) 42 47 47 43 44 47 43 48 51 40 45 43Standard Dev 9 9 9 8 8 9 8 9 11 8 8 9
Women (n=239) 46 49 43 47 49 48 43 45 53 44 46 42Standard Dev 11 9 8 11 11 10 7 9 12 9 7 7
Custody Litigants
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
EID THD BXD RCd RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9
Men (n=244) Women (n=239)
Higher-Order Restructured Clinical
Forensic, Child Custody Litigants
MLS GIC HPC NUC COG SUI HLP SFD NFC STW AXY ANP BRF MSFMean - Men 48 48 46 46 44 46 44 45 42 45 47 42 45 46Standard Dev 8 8 7 9 8 6 7 6 8 9 8 7 6 8Mean - Women 50 52 50 49 47 46 46 47 46 49 50 43 48 50Standard Dev 11 14 11 10 9 4 7 9 10 9 11 8 10 9
MMPI-2-RF Somatic and Cognitive Scales
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
MLS GIC HPC NUC COG SUI HLP SFD NFC STW AXY ANP BRF MSF
Men (n=244) Women (n=239)
Somatic Internalizing
JCP SUB AGG ACT FML IPP SAV SHY DSF AES MECMen (n=244) 50 47 44 43 44 48 48 43 45 43 55Standard Dev 10 7 8 9 8 8 8 8 5 8 9
Women (n=239) 46 46 44 45 46 51 47 46 45 47 45Standard Dev 9 7 7 8 9 10 10 9 6 9 7
Custody Litigants
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
JCP SUB AGG ACT FML IPP SAV SHY DSF AES MEC
Men (n=244) Women (n=239)
Externalizing Interpersonal Interest
AGGR-r PSYC-r DISC-r NEGE-r INT R-r
Men (n=244) 49 45 50 43 50Standard Dev 7 8 8 8 8
Women (n=239) 46 47 43 47 48Standard Dev 7 9 7 9 9
Custody Litigants
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
AGGR-r PSYC-r DISC-r NEGE-r INTR-r
Men (n=244) Women (n=239)
PSY-5
Parental Fitness Evaluees
Parental Fitness
VRIN-r T RIN-r F-r Fp-r Fs FBS-r RBS L-r K-r
Mean - Men 49 51 52 50 53 51 52 65 55Standard Dev 10 9 12 10 14 11 12 14 10
Mean - Women 51 52 55 52 54 57 54 64 53Standard Dev 11 11 15 11 14 12 10 14 11
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
VRIN-r TRIN-r F-r Fp-r Fs FBS-r RBS L-r K-r
MMPI-2-RF Validity Scales
Men (n=226) Women (n=336)
T
F
Parental Fitness
EID T HD BXD RCd RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9
Mean - Men 45 51 53 47 51 46 52 53 55 45 49 46Standard Dev 10 10 11 10 11 9 12 11 13 10 10 10
Mean - Women 50 51 49 51 55 49 50 52 56 49 49 44Standard Dev 12 11 10 12 12 11 11 11 13 12 10 9
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
EID THD BXD RCd RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9
MMPI-2-RF Higher-Order (HOD) and Restructured Clinical (RC) ScalesMen (n=226) Women (n=336)
Higher-Order Restructured Clinical
Parental Fitness
MLS GIC HPC NUC COG SUI HLP SFD NFC ST W AXY ANP BRF MSFMean - Men 49 50 51 52 49 48 46 47 47 47 49 46 48 47Standard Dev 10 10 11 11 10 8 9 9 9 10 10 9 9 9
Mean - Women 53 53 54 54 51 47 46 51 50 50 54 47 52 52Standard Dev 12 13 12 13 12 6 9 12 11 12 14 10 11 9
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
MLS GIC HPC NUC COG SUI HLP SFD NFC STW AXY ANP BRF MSF
MMPI-2-RF Somatic and Cognitive ScalesMen (n=226) Women (n=336)
Somatic Internalizing
Parental Fitness
JCP SUB AGG ACT FML IPP SAV SHY DSF AES MECMean - Men 57 48 45 46 46 46 51 46 48 43 62Standard Dev 13 8 9 11 9 8 10 9 9 8 9
Mean - Women 54 47 45 48 50 49 52 48 48 46 45Standard Dev 12 9 9 12 11 9 10 9 9 9 8
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
JCP SUB AGG ACT FML IPP SAV SHY DSF AES MEC
MMPI-2-RF Externalizing, Interpersonal, and Interest Scales
Men (n=226) Women (n=336)
Externalizing Interpersonal Interest
Parental Fitness
AGGR-r PSYC-r DISC-r NEGE-r INT R-r
Mean - Men 53 49 55 46 50Standard Dev 10 10 10 10 10
Mean - Women 49 50 47 51 51Standard Dev 8 11 9 12 10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
AGGR-r PSYC-r DISC-r NEGE-r INTR-r
MMPI-2-RF Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) ScalesMen (n=226) Women (n=336)
Has the MMPI-2-RF been tested?
Descriptive Data for following settings:Mental HealthMedicalSubstance Abuse TreatmentForensicCorrectionalPersonnel ScreeningNon-Clinical Settings
N=~68,000
Has the MMPI-2-RF subjected to peer review?
As of October 2012, 160+ peer-reviewed papers on MMPI-2-RF
General TopicsValidity ScalesCorrectional SettingsForensic Settings
Criminal DefendantsCivil litigants and disability claimantsChild CustodyParental Fitness
Mental Health SettingsMedical SettingsNon-clinical Settings
The known or potential rate of error of the MMPI-2-RF?
Data on reliability and standard error of measurement of MMPI-2-RF scale scores address this question directly
Available in Technical Manual Chapter 3Normative and Clinical Samples
Classification accuracy statistics (Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive and Negative Predictive Powers)
Available in peer reviewed classification studies (e.g., malingering detection research)
Are there standards controlling the MMPI-2-RF?
Are there standards controlling the MMPI-2-RF?
Yes, and the availability of a standard set of interpretive guidelines enhances cross-interpreter reliabilityA desirable feature of any psychological testParticularly when used in forensic evaluations
Is the MMPI-2-RF Generally Accepted?
Frye TestMMPI-2-RF being used increasingly in:
Forensic (criminal and civil) evaluationsPublic safety personnel screeningMedical evaluationsMental health settings
In many states, case law guides judges to consider “Daubert-like” factors (i.e., scientific validity and reliability)Option: Administer MMPI-2 and score both versions
Indications of MMPI-2-RF Acceptance
MMPI-2-RF interpretive guidelines provided in two leading textbooks:
Graham, J. R. (2012). MMPI-2: Assessing Personality and Psychopathology (5th edition). New York: Oxford University Press.
Greene, R.L. (2011). MMPI-2/MMPI-2-RF: An Interpretive Manual (Third Edition). New York: Allyn & Bacon.
Listed among recommended outcome measures in Traumatic brain injury research complied by Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Outcome measures Workgroup convened by NIH:
Wilde et al. (2010). Recommendations for the use of Common Outcome Measures in Traumatic Brain Injury Research. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91, 1650-1660.e17.
Listed as recommended measure in guide to establishing a practice on police pre-employment psychological evaluations:
Gallo, F. J., & Halgin, R. P. (2011). A Guide for Establishing aPractice in Police Preemployment Postoffer Psychological Evaluations. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1037/a0022493
Discussion
