• The mitochondria are the engines of our cells where sugar is burned for fuel and the exhaust is CO2 and H2O.

What molecule do all organisms use to temporarily store energy?

A P P P

High Energy Bond

A P P P

Adenosine TriphosphateAdenosine Diphosphate + phosphate

ATP

ADP

ATP – ADP Energy Cycle in the Cell

Cellular Respiration breaks down Glucose and releases

Cell Activities

ADP ATPP

Energy

Energy used for:

ATP Synthase

+

Muscle Contractions

Respiration

Nerve impulses

Dehydration Synthesis

Hydrolysis

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP

(Muscles)

(Bacteria & Yeast)

C6H12O6 2Lactic Acids + 2ATP

C6H12O6 2Ethyl Alcohols + 2CO2 + 2ATP

Enzymes

Enzymes

Enzymes

Step 1

Step 2

Glycolysis Glycolysis

Fermentation Krebs Cycle

Most prevalent and effi cient pathway iscellular respiration.

I n cellular respiration, oxygen is consumed.

C6H12O6 +2ATP 2Pyruvic Acids + 4ATPEnzymes

Net Gain of ATP =

**Occurs in Cytoplasm**

(Splitting of Glucose)

**Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration**

Glycolysis:

Oxygen not available

2Pyruvic Acids 2Ethyl Alcohols + 2CO2

(Muscles)

(Bacteria & Yeast)

2Pyruvic Acids 2Lactic AcidsEnzymes

Enzymes

Aerobic Respiration**Oxygen is available**

2Pyruvic Acids+ 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 32ATPEnzymes

**Occurs in mitochondria**

Also called citric acid cycle

Step 1

Step 2

Glycolysis Glycolysis

Fermentation Kreb Cycle

2ATP

0 ATP

2ATP

34ATP

Total 2ATP 36ATP

- Cheese- Buttermilk- Yogurt- Alcoholic Beverages- Bread

Oxygen Required No Oxygen Required

Occurs in Mitochondria Occurs in Cytoplasm

36 ATP/glucose 2 ATP/glucose

Linked ProcessesPhotosynthesis

• Energy-storing pathway

• Releases oxygen

• Requires carbon dioxide

Aerobic Respiration

• Energy-releasing pathway

• Requires oxygen

• Releases carbon dioxide

Food: Photosynthesis Food: Ingestion

Energy: Respiration Energy: Respiration

Use ATP to maintain homeostasis

Use ATP to maintain homeostasis

Use CO2

Release CO2 as waste

Release O2 as waste

Use O2 Use O2 Release CO2 as waste

Respiration vs. Photosynthesis