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[al Dhkkjl Lir{ iok U`jh{hbij Hrjid> I D`or{l} `f @|} @so Dighoc

Hr Hrjidhrd r{hjj i }ljlvio{ hkl`j`cx ho Dhkkjl Lir{l}o u`jh{hbr0 Hrjid* i d`o`{alhr{hb fih{a sh{a

rhdhji} }``{r {` N|kl`$Ba}hr{hioh{x* hr {al u}hdi}x }ljhch`o {a}`|ca`|{ {al Dhkkjl Lir{ iok r`dl

If}hbio iok Irhio oi{h`or* sh{a {s` din`}* khr{hob{ f`}dr> Rahi iok R|ooh/ Rahi D|rjhdr i}l {aldho`}h{x b`or{h{|{hoc }`|cajx 9

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=551* u/ 3

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mirhr `f }lv`j|{h`oi}x r`bh`$u`jh{hbij d`vldlo{r !Miq{l} iok Igmi}~ikla* =551* u/ 32(/ Y|{m

lduairhrlk {al |ohvl}rijh{x `f Hrjid !Gai{im* =55;( iok u}`k|blk rlvl}ij hdu`}{io{ {lq{r*

hobj|khocDhjlr{`olr !=559(/

Sax Hrjidhrd air mlb`dl r|ba i u`sl}f|j u`jh{hbij f`}bl* ui}{hb|ji}jx ho {al Dhkkjl Lir{* bio ml

lqujiholk `ojx {a}`|ca io |okl}r{iokhoc `f {al }lch`o#r ahr{`}x/ Mixi{ bjihdr {ai{ Hrjidhrd bio ml

vhlslk ir i rli}ba f`} bl}{iho{x ho {ahr |obl}{iho s`}jk !=55

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`f r`bhijhrd ir {al |j{hdi{l c`ij( air ul}rhr{lk f`} fli} `f u`jh{hbij Hrjid* ij{a`|ca lb`o`dhb b`obl}or

`vl} ibblrr {` `hj bioo`{ ml hco`}lk/ [al }lr|j{ air mllo hob}lirhoc io{h$Idl}hbio rlo{hdlo{ iok {al

}luli{lk fihj|}l `f I}im i{{ldu{r i{ rljf$kl{l}dhoi{h`o sahba air f|}{al} lo{}lobalk Hrjidhrd iok

`ulolk {al k``} {` hob}lirhocjx lq{}ldhr{ Hrjidhr{ c}`|ur/ H{ hr bjihdlk {ai{ ho oi{h`or ai}m`|}hoc

{l}}`}hr{r c}`|ur {al oi{|}l `f {al u`jh{hbij }lchdl* ir sljj ir {al r`bhij iok lb`o`dhb rh{|i{h`o///

dix clol}i{l b`okh{h`or fiv`|}imjl {` {al clolrhr `f }ikhbijhrd* {a|r r{hd|ji{hoc {l}}`}hrd !M}iv`*

=556* u/ 229(/

[al I}im$Hr}ilj si} `f 9863* iok Hr}ilj#r `vl}saljdhoc vhb{`}x* ijr` u}`vlk i bi{ijxr{ f`}

shklru}lik khrhjj|rh`odlo{ sh{a {al rlb|ji}$oi{h`oijhr{ u}`dhrlr `f u}`rul}h{x ir rhd|j{iol`|rjx {al

ldm}ibl `f rlb|ji} o`}dr mx }|jhoc ljh{lr sir rllo ir lvhklobl `f i Slr{l}o b`oruh}ibx icihor{

Hrjid !Miq{l} iok Igmi}~ikla* =551* u/ 3

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iok \oh{lk Ghock`d !Miq{l} iok Igmi}~ikla* =551* u/ 33(/

R|mrly|lo{ klbiklr ris Sirahoc{`o r|uu`}{hoc {al i|{a`}h{i}hio Uiajivh }lchdl sahjl }i{h`oijh~hoc

`} hco`}hoc {al {}ldlok`|r u`u|ji} khrifflb{h`o !Digkhrh* =55=* u/

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Ga`dlhoh#r Hrjidhbhri{h`o `f r`bhl{x ciholk d`dlo{|d iok H}iohio s`dlo sa` aik {iglo {al vlhj ir

i }lmljjh`|r r{i{ldlo{ icihor{ io i|{a`}h{i}hio }|jl} iok f`}blk rlb|ji}hri{h`o f`|ok {aldrljvlr

jlcijjx m`|ok {` sli} h{ !Ifi}x iok Iokl}r`o* =55 io Hrjidhb r{i{l* f`}dlk mx {al hokhclo`|r }lv`j|{h`oi}x

`vl}{a}`s `f i \R mibglk }lchdl bioo`{ ml rllo {` ml r|bbllkhoc ho u}`vhkhoc r{imhjh{x ho i }lch`o

sal}l \R u`jhbx air }luli{lkjx fihjlk/ H}io sir oidlk mx {al \R ir ui}{ `f {al #iqhr `f lvhj# ho {al

io{h$D|rjhd* io{h$I}im }al{`}hb sahba f`jj`slk {al 899 m`dmhoc `f {al S`}jk [}ikl Blo{}l/ [al \Rrlldlk {` |oy|lr{h`oimjx r|mrb}hml {` {al hkli {ai{ sl i}l lo{l}hoc i {hdl salo [al bjira `f

bhvhjh~i{h`or shjj k`dhoi{l cj`mij u`jh{hbr !A|o{hoc{`o* 988=* u/ ==(/

[al =552 \R hovirh`o `f H}iy `ojx rl}vlk {` s`}rlo {al r`bh`$u`jh{hbij rh{|i{h`o `f {al }lch`o ir {al

a`}}`} `f {al #ra`bg iok isl# hovirh`o iok {al }lr|j{hoc bhvhj si} iok mj``kralk dlio{ {ai{ I}im

i|{`b}i{r b`|jk u`ho{ {` h{ ir i bi|{h`oi}x {ijl `f {al f`jjx `f |orli{hoc lvlo {al s`}r{ klru`{r

!Inidh* =59=* u/ =1( iok h{ r``o mlbidl bjli} {ai{ bjl}hbr sl}l fhjjhoc {al u`sl} vib||d b}li{lk mx

{al si} !]`rlo* =556* u/ 3(/ Ba`drgx bjihdr {ai{ ibb`}khoc {` H}iyhr* {al}l hr a`ul f`} oi{h`oij

}lb`obhjhi{h`o hf {al hovikl}r* sa` i}l }lru`orhmjl f`} {al ho{l}oij vh`jlobl* sh{ak}is iok jlivl H}iy

{` H}iyhr !Ba`drgx* =595* u/ 925(/

Klruh{l {al khrir{l} {ai{ sir {al H}iyh si}* {al \R f`jj`slk y|hbgjx sh{a io hovirh`o `f Ifcaiohr{io*

{al {}|l mirl `f {a`rl }lru`orhmjl f`} 899> {al Ij$Yilki iok {alh} bai}hrdi{hb jlikl} @ridi mho$

Jiklo/ Jhgl d|ba `f {al }lch`o#r {}`|mjlr* Ifcaiohr{io#r r`bh`$u`jh{hbij dlrr sir i kh}lb{ }lr|j{ `f

u}lvh`|r \R hov`jvldlo{/ Io Idl}hbio$mibglk i #nhaik# icihor{ R`vhl{ Ifcaiohr{io* k|}hoc {al B`jk

Si}* }lr|j{lk ho {al b`jjiurl `f {al Ifcaio r{i{l iok klrblo{ ho{` mj``kx bhvhj si} sahba jlf{ i

u`jh{hbij vib||d ho{` sahba {al [ijhmio r{luulk*/ [ahr ols u`jh{hbij lovh}`odlo{ u}`vhklk fl}{hjl

c}`|ok f`}/// Hrjidhr{ }ikhbijr/// iok r|mrly|lo{jx f`} {al ldl}clobl `f Ij$Yilki* sa`rl jlikl}r*

hobj|khoc @ridi mho Jiklo* sl}l `obl fiv`|}h{lr `f {al BHI !Ix``m* =55

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iok hovi}himjx Hrjidhrd ujixlk i }`jl* sal{al} y|hl{jx {a}`|ca bai}h{imjl s`}g iok u`jh{hbij }al{`}hb

`} {a}`|ca kh}lb{* vh`jlo{ ib{h`o/ Sai{ {al lok }lr|j{ `f {al I}im Ru}hoc shjj ml* iok sa` shjj ml ho

u`sl} `obl {al }lch`o mlchor {` rl{{jl hr r{hjj vl}x d|ba io `ulo y|lr{h`o m|{* ra`|jk }lchdlr

klbhrhvljx ml {`uujlk* Hrjidhr{ c}`|ur shjj r|}ljx a`jk i{ jlir{ r`dl rai}l `f {al u`sl}/

[al hdu`}{io{ y|lr{h`o hr> shjj {al iuulij `f Hrjid b`o{ho|l ho {al Dhkkjl Lir{ `} shjj h{ }lblkl hf

I}im oi{h`oijhrd iok kld`b}ibx sl}l {` mlcho {` fj`|}hra0 Ir j`oc ir i|{a`}h{i}hio iok }lu}lrrhvl

}lchdlr b`o{ho|l {` }|jl D|rjhd b`|o{}hlr* Hrjidhrd ir io hkl`j`cx iok i u`jh{hbij d`vldlo{ shjj

b`o{ho|l {` {a}hvl sh{aho {a`rl b`|o{}hlr !Ix``m* =55

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Mhmjh`c}iuax

IM]IAIDHIO* L/ =559/ [al 98