The Middle Colonies
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The Middle ColoniesThe Role of Religion in the Colonies
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New York 1664 New JerseyOriginally New
Netherlands founded by the Dutch 1624◦Taken by force for its trade routes & commerce
Became English in 1664
Given to the James, Duke of York (later James II)
Originally part of New Netherlands
Became English in 1664
Founded for land sales and religious freedom
Given by James, Duke of York to friends Berkeley and Carteret
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Pennsylvania 1682
Haven for Quakers, a peaceful religious group
Penn insisted on also paying the Native Americans for their land and treating them fairly
William Penn
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Delaware 1682Originally settled by
the Swedes (Sweden) 1643-1655
Taken over by the Dutch 1655-1664
Taken over by the English when they took New Netherlands in 1664
Maryland and Pennsylvania both claimed Delaware until 1704
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The Southern ColoniesGeography drives cash crop production
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Maryland 1632Founded as a refuge for English Catholics
Welcomed all Christians
1st settlement St. Mary’s City
George Calvert, Lord Baltimore
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The Carolinas 1663Founded in 1663 by 8
noblemen who were granted the land by the king◦ Most noted Anthony
Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury
Nobles sought to make money attracting settlers from Virginia
Split into North and South in 1712
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George IIReigns 1727-1760
Son of George IStopped the attempt to reclaim the throne by James II’s grandson Charles Edward Stuart
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Georgia 1732Place to send debtors and convicts
Provided buffer from Spanish attacks from the south
Strict rules; no slaves, no alcohol
James Oglethorpe
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George IIIReigns 1760-1820
Grandson of George II
Loses the American Revolution and all of England’s North American colonies except Canada