The Middle Ages
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Transcript of The Middle Ages
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The Middle Ages
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The Middle AgesAfter the fall of Rome, Europe was in a state of chaos with no government
Also known as the Medieval Period or the Dark Ages because of the lack of learning
Lasted from about 500 to 1400CE in EuropeTrade slowed, towns emptied, learning ceased
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The Middle Ages
Three Main Groups:Those Who Work - Feudalism
Those Who Pray - Catholic Church
Those Who Fight - Kings, Knights, The Crusades
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Those Who Work: Feudalism Gov’t organized to
protect territories from invaders
Kings & Nobles
Merchants & Soldiers
Peasants/Serfs
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Feudalism/Manorialism People left cities to live on manors (the lord’s estate) in order to grow food to live
Self-sufficient communities where people produced everything they needed
Feudalism: social/economic/political system Manorialism: Self-sufficient manors [3-field system]
-Peasants paid taxes on milling grains, marriages, rents-Serfs: could not leave without permission; treated like slaves; children born into serfdom
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FeudalismPeople left cities to live on manors (the lord’s estate) in order to grow food to live
Self-sufficient communities where people produced everything they needed
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FeudalismPeasants paid taxes on milling grains, marriages, rents
Serfs: could not leave without permission; treated like slaves; children born into serfdom
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Those Who Pray - The Catholic Church
The Church provided charity: food, shelter, clothing to poor, orphans
Monasteries - become centers for learning; Monks know how to read and write
Illuminated Manuscripts - handwritten copies of religious documents
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Catholic Church organization
Cardinals
Archbishops
Bishops
Priests
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The Catholic Church
Forced people to pay tithes to the ChurchCould excommunicate members or kick them out of the church
Sold indulgences, simonyKings and Nobles could appoint church officials
Indulgence- forgiveness for sins
Simony- buy church job
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Medieval ArtMostly religious basedDarkOverly ornateGothic - Late Middle Ages
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Gothic Architecture
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The Middle Ages: By PeriodEarly Middle Ages: 500 – 1000
-Rise of the Franks [Merovingians/Clovis I/Charlemagne]-Monks/Monasteries preserve knowledgeHigh Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250-Increased Catholic Church Power-Ongoing battles against Muslims in Spain (began in 8th
century)Late Middle Ages: 1250 – 1450-Resurgence of learning and inventions lead to Renaissance-Increased Catholic Church power leads to Reformation-Regional Kingdoms gain power leading to increased trade
routes and Exploration
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The High Middle Ages - Those Who Fight
Lasted from 1100 to 1300 BCE; during this period, Europe developed nation-states with populations and a national unity:
Nations led by kings, princes as rulersMade war against others to obtain territory
Trade rose and towns developedCatholic Church led wars for Christian domination
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Rise of Nation-States
England
France
Holy Roman
Empire
Spain
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The Crusades
Forgiveness for sins
Cancellation of debts
Protection for families and property
Cancellation of criminal charges
Land and wealth (from the Turks)
Holy wars to regain Jerusalem from the Muslims; first called by Pope Urban II who promised:
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The Crusades
1st Crusade: 3 groups marched to Holy Land
Most successful; Crusaders captured Jerusalem & Antioch; massacred thousands of Muslims
Problems: heat, supplies, disunity
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The Crusades2nd Crusade: Muslims retake Jerusalem; group sent to take the city was defeated
3rd Crusade (King’s Crusade): led by kings; Muslims kept lands
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The Crusades4th: excommunicated after they conquered Christian Constantinople; never reconquered Holy Land
Children’s Crusade - Army made up of children hoped Turks would give up Holy land; children enslaved
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Results of the Crusades
Discovery of new ideas, inventions, weapons from interactions with Muslims
Kings gained powerStatus of women increasedRevival of trade between Europe & Middle East
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The Plague
Black DeathSpread by rats, ticks from trading ships in the early 14th century
Killed half the population of Europe
Came back in waves
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The Disease The Disease CycleCycle
Flea drinks rat blood that carries the
bacteria.
Flea’s gut cloggedwith bacteria.
Bacteriamultiply inflea’s gut.
Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound.
Human is infected!
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Attempts to Stop the Attempts to Stop the PlaguePlague
A Doctor’s Robe
“Leeching”Also, tried containment and quarantine but often too late or not enough places participate
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Attempts to Stop the Attempts to Stop the PlaguePlague
Flagellanti:Self-inflicted “penance” for our
sins!
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Attempts to Stop the Attempts to Stop the PlaguePlagueBlame the Jews
“Jew” hat
“Golden Circle” obligatory badge
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Post-classical Europe Questions: 600-1450ce 1). What are Indulgences and Simony?
2). Describe life in the Dark Ages? When do the Dark Ages begin?
3). What is the difference between the beginning of the Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages?
4). What special defensive structure helped people survive the Dark Ages?
5). What is the major unifying force during the Dark Ages? 6). Explain the Feudal system that existed in Europe during
the Middle Ages. Write in sentences for this one please. 7). How did the Plague spread and what are some reasons
Europeans believe it happened? 8). Why did European men choose to join the Crusades? 9). How successful were the crusades? What are the major
outcomes of the Crusades on Europe and on Dar-Al-Islam? 10). Why did the plague spread globally during the Post
Classical era instead of an earlier era? Why couldn’t it spread globally during the Foundations period (8000-600bce)?