VIKINGS NORMANSMUSLIMS

HUNGARIANS

INVASIONS FROM 9th CENTURY

Viking “drakkar”

THE VIKINGS:THE LEGEND OF HASTEININ THE TOWN OF LUNA (ITALY)

Rise of feudal lords.

ATTACKSVIOLENCE

+KING´S

WEAKNESS

RISEOF FEUDAL

LORDS

SERFSWORK FOR

FEUDAL LORDSIN THE LANDS

FEUDAL LORDSPROTECT SERFS FROM VIOLENCE

OWNERSOF THE LAND

ANCIENTCOLONIFROMROME

ANCIENT LANLORDS FROMROME

THEY HAVECASTLES AND

ARMIES

KING OR A GREAT LORD

GIVES LAND TO THE NOBLE

THE NOBLE(VASSAL)

PROMISE LOYALTYAND MILITAR ASSISTANCE

PAYING HOMAGE(TAKING HANDS)

A burocratis writing

the agreement.

THE NATURE OF FEUDALISM

FEUDAL KINGS

have no real power overtheir vassals.

He was a landlord too, collecting taxes from

their lands and a few cities they

have in power.

King, knights and the ChurchWere united by feudal

allegiances (vassals), but they used

to fight each otherIn theory, nobles were vassals ofFeudal kings, but kings had no real Power over them.

CLERGY(THE CHURCH)They pray

THE THREEESTATES

NOBLES (WARRIORS)They fight

THIRD ESTATE(PEASANTS)They work

Upper nobility lived in castles surroundedBy knights.

Knights.-They were dedicated to warfare.-They were notVery rich.-They were vassals ofOther lords.

THE CHURCHThe clergy was a priviledged estate,He had spiritual and cultural functionsIn the Middle Age.They were not born in this estate,But come from other estates, nobilityAnd peasants too.

PEASANTS

Free peasantsSerfs.Hard conditionsOf life.

ORATORES BELLATORES LABRATORES

La sociedad está dividida en tres órdenes. Aparte de la iglesia, la ley reconoce otras dos condiciones: el noble y el siervo que no se rigen por la misma ley. Los nobles son los guerreros, los protectores de las iglesias. Defienden a todo el pueblo, a los grandes lo mismo que a los pequeños y al mismo tiempo se protegen a ellos mismos. La otra clase es la de los siervos. Esta raza de desgraciados no posee nada sin sufrimiento. Provisiones y vestidos son suministradas a todos por ellos, pues los hombres libres no pueden valerse sin ellos. Así, pues, la ciudad de Dios que es tenida como una, en realidad es triple. Unos rezan, otros luchan y otros trabajan. Los tres órdenes viven juntos y no sufrirían una separación. Los servicios de cada uno de estos órdenes permite los trabajos de los otros dos. Y cada uno a su vez presta apoyo a los demás. ADALBERON DE LAON, 11th century

THE POPESSt.Silvester Constantine

(the emperor)

THE CHURCH

The tinth or DIEZMO(Partidas Alfonso X, 13th century)

Peasants givingPart of their crops

Priest

WOMEN IN MIDDLE AGENo rights at allHouse life.

The idealizationOf woman

KNIGHTS AND COURTLY LOVEXII century

A STRANGECASE:

JOANNAD’ARC

XV cent.

FIND AT LEASTTHREE DIFFERENCES

BODIAM CASTLE, SUSSEX, XIV cent.

TRUJILLO CASTLE, X-XII cent.

Forte de Graça, Elvas,Portugal

XVIII century

After XVI century,Artillery redesignAll fortress and Medieval castles Dissapear.

MANORIAL SYSTEM

Improvements after 11th century

Improvements after 11th century

From the old Roman plough…

Very light, not useful for hard soils…

To the new Norman plough…

Stronger, easy to carry by beasts…

THE CALENDARTime was dependingOn the different activitiesAlong the year.

TECHNOLOGYIMPROVEMENTS

+MORE LANDS

MORE PRODUCTIONMORE FOOD

POPULATION INCREASES

MIGRATION TO NEW LANDS /TOWNS

RECOVERY OF TRADE

ECONOMY EXPANSION 12th and 13th century

THE AGRARIANREVOLUTION

11th and 12thcentury

PILGRIMAGE TO HOLY PLACES:ROME, SANTIAGO, JERUSALEM

In the Middle Age… Nowadays

CRUSADERS12th century

CrossIn the shield

(religious war)

Muslims

New weapons

Church

Cloister

Cultivated lands

Refectorium

THE MONASTERIES

CLUNY CISTER

Scriptorium

The main labour for monasteries in the earlyMiddle Age was the copyof classical works.

Books made by hand,with miniatures.

SCRIPTORIUM

Romanesque styleFrom 11th to beg. 13th cent.All Western Europe.Mainly religious (churches, Cathedrals and monasteries)

Sait Mary Laach,Germany

Santiago de Compostela

triforium

Santo Domingo deSilos

capitelcloister

Notre Dame,PoitiersFrance

Durham cathedralEngland

San Martín de Frómista

Small windows

Bell tower

Roman arc

Thickwalls

ARCHITECTONIC FEATURES

• Roman arch (ARCO DE MEDIO PUNTO)• Barrel vault (BÓVEDA DE CAÑÓN)• Buttressses (CONTRAFUERTES)• Columns (COLUMNAS)• Capitels (CAPITELES)

PARTS OF CHURCH

• Shape of cross (CRUZ LATINA)

• Bell tower (CAMPANARIO)• Portal (PÓRTICO)• Nave (NAVE CENTRAL)• Aisles (NAVE LATERAL)• Transept (CRUCERO)• Apse (ÁBSIDE)