The Medieval Period
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Transcript of The Medieval Period
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The Medieval Period(1066-1485)
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The Norman Conquest of 1066 Normans
descendants of the Vikings Invaded France and adopted French customs William, Duke of Normandy
Promised throne by King Edward but Council elected Harold II, so William conquered and killed Harold in Battle of Hastings
Became King of England on Christmas day at Westminster Abbey
Overthrew Anglo-Saxon England / instituted French culture
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Norman England Roman Catholicism
became focal point of culture, including govt
French words replaced Anglo-Saxon words, as they were deemed more elite
govt instituted Feudalism
William,
Duke of Normandy
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Feudalism Land was granted by the lord to the vassal in
exchange for service during the Act of Homage in 3 ways: personal use to the church to barons (lord’s supporters)
Land was called fiefs, and taxes & knights were supplied in retribution.
Land given to the knights was called the manor, and serfs worked this land.
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The Plantagenet Reign (1154) Henry II
knowledge of govt & law wanted to change church’s rule in govt
Richard I put country in debt due to overseas fighting
John signed Magna Carter (no taxation w/o rep) beginning of constitutional govt in England
Henry III Instituted parliamentary govt (The Great Council of Elders)
Edward I Included free men into Parliament via election
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Decline of Feudalism trade created the growth of towns towns organized into labor unions, which
overtook govt’s rule over the people
THEREFORE
wealth no longer based on land ownership
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Bubonic Plague “Black Death” (1348-49) killed 1/3 of population of England WHY?
People lived so close together that disease festered and spread rapidly – land ownership was a privilege of the wealthy
RESULT? Labor shortage increased value of peasant work
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The Later Middle Ages (14th- 15th centuries)
Lancasters replaced Plantagenets Henry IV, V, and VI
(subjects of Shakespeare’s history plays)
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John Wycliff
Believed: church exploited the Bible church shouldn’t be the wealthy
Directed the translation of the Bible from Latin to English Hoped more people would read it and
understand it and agree with his thought
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War of the Roses(1453)
Richard of York was appointed temporary King when Henry VI was sick
Would not step down when Henry VI recovered
Civil war broke out (Lancasters vs. Yorks) Red rose vs. White rose
Yorks won in 1461 Richard’s son Edward IV took throne
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House of York Richard I Edward IV (1461-1483) Edward V
Just a boy He and his brother died “mysterious” deaths in
Tower of London while under protection of his uncle, Richard of Gloucester, who proclaimed himself King Richard III
Richard III
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End of the War of the Roses Henry Tudor (Lancaster)
led rebellion against Richard III, killing him King Henry VII married Richard III’s niece, uniting the two
houses end of the civil war and the Middle Ages
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Chivalry code of Knightly behavior respected way of life for all citizens Examples:
Loyalty and valor on/off battlefield Pledge service to a lady
Joust for her favor Rescue damsels in distress
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Chivalry in Literature Troubadour
French poet wrote stories about chivalrous knights
Romance stories about chivalrous knights written in Romance-influenced languages
French Spanish Italian
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King Arthur
Legendary king who instituted the Knights of the Round Table and code of chivalry
Made famous through Tales of the Celts Geoffrey of Monmouth
Norman scholar who wrote about K.Arthur
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Development of English Language
PAST MERGED WITH PRESENT
Old
English
Latin -
used mostly in church and education Middle
EnglishNorman French –
used mostly in govt
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Contributions to English
WHEN WHO WHAT HOW
1372
John
Wycliff
translation of Bible from Latin to English
encouraged people to learn to read and write
1454
Johann
Gutenburgmoveable type
faster copying of books, making lit more available
1476
William
Caxtonprinting press
faster copying of books, making lit more available
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Poetry of the Middle Ages reflected the changes of English society and the
English language Poets:
William Langland Geoffrey Chaucer
Types: Lyrics – versus sung with accompaniment of a lyre Ballads – folk songs that told a story
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Drama of the Middle Ages Miracle plays (mystery plays) from the Bible
Cycle plays – presented a Biblical history of human kind
Morality plays – taught moral lessons in the form of allegory