The McKinsey Mind Designing the...
Transcript of The McKinsey Mind Designing the...
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Soydan Çakır
04/04/2017
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Main Activities in EMC:
• EMC Tests (Military & Civil & Automotiv)
• EMC Calibrations
• EMC Test / Calibration Laboratory Installation
Projects
• EMC Consultancy
• EMRP/EMPIR Projects
Electromagnetic Laboratory
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CE101:Conducted Emissions, Power Leads; 30 Hz – 10 kHz
CE102:Conducted Emissions, Power Leads; 10 kHz – 10 MHz
CE106: Conducted Emissions, Antenna Terminal; 10 kHz – 40 GHz
CS101: Conducted Susceptibility, Power Leads; 30 Hz – 150 kHz
CS103: Conducted Susceptibility, Antenna Port, Intermodulation; 15 kHz – 10 GHz CS104: Conducted Susceptibility, Antenna Port, Rejection of Undesired Signals; 30 Hz
– 20 GHz
CS105: Conducted Susceptibility, Antenna Port, Cross Modulation; 30 Hz – 20 GHz
CS106: Conducted susceptibility, transients, power leads
CS109: Conducted Susceptibility, Structure Current; 60 Hz – 100 kHz CS114: Conducted Susceptibility, Bulk Cable Injection; 10 kHz – 200 MHz
CS115: Conducted Susceptibility, Bulk Cable Injection, Impulse Excitation
CS116: Conducted Susceptibility, Damped Sinusoidal Transients, Cables and
Power Leads; 10 kHz to 100 MHz
RE101: Radiated Emissions, Magnetic Field; 30 Hz – 100 kHz RE102: Radiated Emissions, Electrical Field; 10 kHz – 18 GHz
RE103: Radiated Emissions, Antenna Spurious and Harmonic Outputs; 10 kHz – 40
GHz
RS101: Radiated Susceptibility, Magnetic Field; 30 Hz – 100 kHz
RS103: Radiated Susceptibility, Electrical Field; 2 MHz – 40 GHz
MIL-STD-461E/F MILITARY EMC TESTS
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• Conducted Emission (EN55022, EN55011, EN55014-1 , EN61000-6-3, EN61000-6-4)
• Radiated Emission (EN55022, EN55011, EN61000-6-3, EN61000-6-4, 95/54/EC, 72/245/EEC, 75/322/EEC)
• Disturbance Power (EN55014-1)
• Click (55014-1)
• Radiated Immunity (EN61000-4-3, EN55024, EN61000-6-1, EN61000-6-2, EN55014-2, 95/54/EC, 72/245/EEC, 75/322/EEC)
• Conducted Immunity (EN61000-4-6, EN55024, EN55014-2, EN61000-6-1, EN61000-6-2)
• EFT / Burst (EN61000-4-4, EN55024, EN55014-2, EN61000-6-1, EN61000-6-2)
• Surge (EN61000-4-5 , EN55024, EN55014-2, EN61000-6-1, EN61000-6-2)
• ESD (EN61000-4-2 , EN55024, EN55014-2, EN61000-6-1, EN61000-6-2)
• Magnetic Immunity (EN61000-4-8 , EN55024, EN55014-2, EN61000-6-1, EN61000-6-2)
• Voltage Dips and Interruptions (EN61000-4-11 , EN55024, EN55014-2, EN61000-6-1, EN61000-6-2)
• Harmonic Currents (EN61000-3-2)
• Flicker (EN61000-3-3)
COMMERCIAL EMC TESTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH
EN/IEC STANDARDS
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• Antenna Calibrations (ANSI C63.5:2006 and SAE-ARP 958)
• Electrical / Magnetic Field Calibrations (IEEE 1309:2005)
• Loop Antenna Calibrations (IEEE291:1991 and SAE-ARP 958)
• Rod Antenna Calibrations (ANSI C63.5:2006 and SAE-ARP958)
• Absorbing Clamp Calibrations (CISPR16-1-3:2004)
• Current Clamp Calibrations (CISPR 16-1-2:2006 and ISO 11452-4: 2005)
• Active / Passive Voltage Probe Calibrations (CISPR16-1-2:2006)
EMC-RELATED CALIBRATIONS
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TEST AND MEASUREMENT CAPABILITY
• Radiated immunity
10 kHz - 1 GHz, E=200 V/m at 2 m distance
• Radiated Immunity
1-18 GHz, E = 500 V/m @ 1 m
18 - 40 GHz, E=200 V/m @ 1 m
• Conducted Immunity
20 Hz - 1 GHz
• Radiated/Conducted Emission
20 Hz - 40 GHz
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SEMI-ANECHOIC CHAMBER
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SMALL ANECHOIC CHAMBER
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Chamber Dimensions L: 8.89 m, W: 3.99 m, H: 3.53 m
Absorbers Pyramid Foam
Frequency Range 500 MHz – 40 GHz
Maximum Field Strength 500 V/m
(for measurement distance 1m)
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GTEM / TEM CELLS (DC – 700 MHz)
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OPEN AREA TEST SITE
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ANTENNA CALIBRATIONS at OATS and SAC
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• Antennas: Rod, Biconical, Bilog, Log-Per ve Horn
•Frequency Range: 10 Hz – 40 GHz
•Measurement Distance : 1 m, 3 m and 10 m
Standards: IEEE C63.5:2006 and SAE-ARP 958
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EM SENSOR CALIBRATIONS (30 Hz – 400 MHz)
(IEEE1309:2005)
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EM SENSOR CALIBRATIONS (500 MHz – 40 GHz)
(IEEE1309:2005)
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EM SENSOR CALIBRATIONS (IEEE1309:2005)
(Magnetic Field: 30 Hz – 400 kHz)
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LOOP ANTENNA CALIBRATIONS (30 Hz – 30 MHz)
(IEEE-291:1991 and SAE-ARP958)
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ABSORBING / CURRENT CLAMP CALIBRATIONS
(CISPR16-1-3:2004, CISPR 16-1- 2 :2006 , ISO 11452-4: 2005)
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EMRP “EMF & SAR” Project (2008 – 2011)
• S. Çakır, et all, IEEE Sensors Journal,, Vol. 12, No: 7, July 2012.
• M. Çetintaş, et all., IEEE Trans. on Elect. Com., Vol. 54, No: 1, Feb. 2012.
• M. Çetintaş, et all., IEEE Trans. on Elect. Com., Vol. 52, No. 1, Feb. 2010.
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EMRP IND60 – EMC INDUSTRY
Standard laboratory
Traceability
Uncertainty
Precision
Reliability
Reflections
Near Field Effects
Line Impedance
Field Uniformity
NSA
CM Impedance
EUT - Antenna
Coupling
Correlation
Traceability
Uncertainty
Precision
Reliability
Reflections
Near Field Effects
Line Impedance
Field Uniformity
NSA
CM Impedance
EUT - Antenna
Coupling
Correlation
Industrial environment
Connection & Correlation
EMC IN DEVELOPMENT STAGE , RELIABLE PRODUCTION, CERTIFICATION
REDUCTION IN COSTS
REDUCTION IN
CONSUMED TIME
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LISNs, CDNs are used in Conducted Emission&Immunity
Tests of Power Leads
LISNs/CDNs
Conducted Emission Test Setup
Conducted Immunity Test Setup
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There are many LISN/CDN manufacturers and types
Impedance, Phase and Insertion Loss shall be measured for EMC tests
Calibrations of LISNs and CDNs for CE and CI tests are always problematic
due to the lack of required adaptors between VNA and LISNs/CDNs!
LISN/CDN Calibrations
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Unknown Connection
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We, as EMC laboratories, request RF/Microwave laboratories;
• to seriously include calibrations of LISNs/CDNs into their working scope and
projects
• to be able to measure impedance, phase and insertion loss precisely with VNA for any LISN type as per the CISPR standards
• not to reject our calibration demands
Expectations from RF/Microwave Labs about LISN/CDN Calibrations
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ISNs (Impedance Stabilization Networks) are widely used in Conducted
Emission Tests of Communication Lines
ISN calibrations require VNAs and are always even more problematic and
more complicated than LISN/CDN calibrations
LCL (Longitudinal Conversion Loss) calibration in addition to the impedance
, phase and IL (Insertion Loss) calibration is a must and requires very special
calibration kits and adaptors.
Moreover, ISN and LCL calibration kits themselves also require calibration !
This remains as a big issue!
ISNs
ISN
ISN and LCL Calibration Kit
TESEQ SCHWARZBECK
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LCL (Longitudinal Conversion Loss): The LCL of a one- or two-port network
is a measure (a ratio expressed in dB) of the degree of unwanted transverse
signal produced at the terminals of the network due to the presence of a
longitudinal signal on the connecting leads.
Longitudinal conversion loss (LCL) is measured using a network analyser by
injecting a "common mode" signal between the pair and earth, and measuring
the resulting "differential mode" signal between the wires in a pair.
ISN LCL Measurements
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We,as EMC laboratories, request RF/Microwave laboratories;
• to include full calibrations of ISNs in their working scope seriously
• to measure impedance, phase, LCL and insertion loss precisely with VNA for any
ISN type as per the CISPR standards
• not to reject our ISN calibration demands
ISN Calibrations
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AN IMPROVED LINK IS REQUIED BETWEEN EMC and
RF/MICROWAVE LABS
RF/Microwave Laboratories EMC Laboratories
Link
Rationale : RF/Microwave laboratory personnel have always good knowledge of
calibrations but poor knowledge of actual application of EMC equipment in EMC
tests. A good knowledge link between two laboratories will increase consciousness
in tests and calibrations and will provide more reliable tests and calibrations
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The First Serious Step Taken in EMRP IND60 2013-2016
- LISN/CDN Calibrations
Development and characterization of an adapter used for calibration of LISN (Line Impedance Stabilization Network) was realized
S-matrix of the adapter was simulated and confirmed with 3 different methods
Mathematically removed repeatable errors of the calculable adapter provided traceable calibrations
With this adapter uncertainties of LISN calibrations were reduced.
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The Second Step in EMPIR 15RPT01 RFMicrowave In Progress
WP3 is specially allocated to EMC; Task 3.1 : Traceability for the calibration of pulse generators used for QP (Quasi-Peak detector)
Task 3.2: Investigation of non-metallic support effects on EMC test results by means of the VNA
Task 3.3: Development of “Just-Before-Test” verifications by means of the VNA for EMC conducted emission & immunity tests
Task 3.4: Investigation of loop antenna calibrations with the inclusion of the VNA
Mutual training sessions will be held between EMC and Microvave/RF laboratories to increase the link.
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The Third Possible Step – New EMPIR Project Proposal 2017–
Metrology for Electromagnetic Compatibility
Improvement of LISN calibrations
Improvement of calibration traceability for CDN (Coupling & Decoupling Networks) and CDNE(Coupling & Decoupling Networks for Emission) calibrations up to 300 MHz
Improvement of Calibration of Common Mode Absorbing Devices (CMAD) including calibration jig evaluation and substantial contribution to the calibration of common mode S-Parameters up to 1 GHz
Development of novel calibration procedures and specific reference standards for EMI receivers based on the FFT for transient and time-varying EM disturbances
Combination of RF measurement methods for higher efficiency
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