The Matriarchy PerplexThe Matriarchy Perplex

Presenter: Anthony Rubio

What is the Matriarchy Perplex?What is the Matriarchy Perplex?

The definition of a The definition of a Matriarchy is a social Matriarchy is a social system in which the system in which the mother is head of the mother is head of the family. family.

The Matriarchy The Matriarchy Perplex involves the Perplex involves the questioning of power questioning of power and status of women and status of women roles throughout roles throughout history.history.

The beginning: Gender EqualityThe beginning: Gender Equality

In early civilization the power among men In early civilization the power among men and women were fairly equal.and women were fairly equal.

However, women did have a bit more However, women did have a bit more power advantage because of their power advantage because of their contributions to society.contributions to society.

Recognition was given for contributions Recognition was given for contributions made from both males and females.made from both males and females.

The First Shift of Male PowerThe First Shift of Male Power

The first shift of imbalance of power The first shift of imbalance of power between males and females arose from between males and females arose from early technology.early technology.

The invention of slings, stones, spears, The invention of slings, stones, spears, and other weapons lead to the male and other weapons lead to the male specialization of hunting.specialization of hunting.

Projectile hunting was argued to be the Projectile hunting was argued to be the first real division of labor between males first real division of labor between males and females.and females.

The Second Shift of PowerThe Second Shift of Power

The second shift of male advantage The second shift of male advantage occurred during proto-western cultures occurred during proto-western cultures when men discovered their role in human when men discovered their role in human procreation.procreation.

It was quickly understood among women It was quickly understood among women that males power in relation to procreation that males power in relation to procreation was very great.was very great.

The Shift Towards Female PowerThe Shift Towards Female Power

Came about during the introduction of Came about during the introduction of horticulture in the Neolithic period.horticulture in the Neolithic period.

Women were primarily in charge of Women were primarily in charge of cultivation. cultivation.

It was during this period that women It was during this period that women reached an all time high in status and reached an all time high in status and power.power.

Take Over Theory Take Over Theory

Presenter: Nathan Cheung

Neolithic eraNeolithic era

cultivation of plants cultivation of plants

domestication of wild animals that domestication of wild animals that both were acquired wild before. both were acquired wild before.

Causes of this Causes of this EventEvent

This period saw the major changes in human evolution, for example village life, religion, art, architecture, farming, advanced tools and weapons etc.

James Mellaart James Mellaart

Male hunting godsMale hunting gods become less frequent and become less frequent and gradually disappear , gradually disappear , while representation of a while representation of a female deityfemale deity become become more frequent and finally more frequent and finally dominate as cultivation dominate as cultivation triumphs triumphs

Women reached the Women reached the zenith of their power in zenith of their power in the early Neolithic the early Neolithic

Then at some point in the Then at some point in the later Neolithic, and later Neolithic, and particularly as the Bronze particularly as the Bronze Age began, the pendulum Age began, the pendulum began to swing the other began to swing the other way. way.

From the Bronze Age From the Bronze Age men specialized in men specialized in projectile weapons and projectile weapons and uses of fire, there was a uses of fire, there was a decline in status of power. decline in status of power.

Understanding Take OverUnderstanding Take Over

Wom

en

Men

Roles in Laborand Power

Neolithic

Bronze AgeNeolithic

OutcomeOutcome

Religious Religious Take OverTake Over Similar Take Overs:Similar Take Overs:

Christian Take over EuropeChristian Take over Europe Colonial Take Over Africa and America 19th century Cults of Domesticity and Invalidism in England

and US

When Christians came over, they converted many of When Christians came over, they converted many of the natives.the natives.

Thus how the movement of women’s roles changedThus how the movement of women’s roles changed

Colonial Take Over Africa and America

limited activities women

the development of a hierarchy of clergy members with bishops, presbyters and deacons, and it's pretty firmly established that women should not be either bishops or priests.

So that women tend to get excluded from those functions, [though] they do have some roles

Connecting Roles of Women to the Connecting Roles of Women to the Change in EraChange in Era

The roles and power for women in the The roles and power for women in the Neolithic era was easier than the bronze Neolithic era was easier than the bronze era because at the beginning of the era because at the beginning of the bronze age, weapons were seen as power bronze age, weapons were seen as power and roles of men had a higher political and roles of men had a higher political advantage.advantage.

Social Class Theory

Presenter: Erika Martinez

Karl Marx, a great social prophet; was a major Karl Marx, a great social prophet; was a major figure in the history of economic and figure in the history of economic and philosophical thought.philosophical thought.

Marx's vision was based on an evolutionary Marx's vision was based on an evolutionary point of departure. point of departure.

Karl Marx

The Social Class TheoryThe Social Class Theory

The Social Class Theory is basically the The Social Class Theory is basically the social structure in which classes were social structure in which classes were develop with the introduction of develop with the introduction of industrialized. industrialized.

Within this social structure of classes, they Within this social structure of classes, they each work individually, yet they need each each work individually, yet they need each others support in order to excel. others support in order to excel.

Evolution of Human NeedsEvolution of Human Needs

Marx’s theory of social class is derived from the Marx’s theory of social class is derived from the evolution of basic human needs. The needs for evolution of basic human needs. The needs for shelter, food, clothing, etc.shelter, food, clothing, etc.

From this the rise of production was introduced, From this the rise of production was introduced, and it was this economic factor that brought and it was this economic factor that brought upon the social classes.upon the social classes.

A social class…A social class… To Marx, a social class arise whenTo Marx, a social class arise when::

A group of people who have particular social positions to which leads to A group of people who have particular social positions to which leads to particular social circumstances. particular social circumstances.

Only when these people are occupying the typical positions become Only when these people are occupying the typical positions become involved in common struggles.involved in common struggles.

The class then develops a system of communicationThe class then develops a system of communication

It is then that individuals become part of a unified class It is then that individuals become part of a unified class that consciously can openly express their common that consciously can openly express their common interests.interests.

The class becomes a self-conscious and history- making The class becomes a self-conscious and history- making body only if they become aware of the similarity of their body only if they become aware of the similarity of their interests through their conflicts with opposing classes.interests through their conflicts with opposing classes.

The Two Major ClassesThe Two Major Classes

The two main classes in industrialized The two main classes in industrialized capitalist societies: capitalist societies:

Bourgeoisie (capitalists)Bourgeoisie (capitalists)

Proletariat (landless wage workers)  Proletariat (landless wage workers)  

Bourgeoisie or Capitalists ClassBourgeoisie or Capitalists Class

The capitalist class are the owners of production in an The capitalist class are the owners of production in an industrialized capitalist society.industrialized capitalist society.

The ownership and control of production processes is The ownership and control of production processes is what mainly classifies the class as the capitalist class.what mainly classifies the class as the capitalist class.

Marx believed that capitalist tended to take advantage of Marx believed that capitalist tended to take advantage of the working class (Proletariat) to gain wealth and profit. the working class (Proletariat) to gain wealth and profit.

The Proletariat Class The Proletariat Class This class did not own any means of production, This class did not own any means of production,

i.e land, factories, capital.i.e land, factories, capital. The proletariat class was generally the working The proletariat class was generally the working

class of society.class of society. Mostly relied on capitalist for wages and worked Mostly relied on capitalist for wages and worked

manual labor in factories and other production manual labor in factories and other production processes.processes.

Karl Marx believed this group of people working Karl Marx believed this group of people working with different personal interests, come together with different personal interests, come together with the common interest. i.e. against their with the common interest. i.e. against their employer, bring them together.employer, bring them together.

Marx Argued that:Marx Argued that:

-Capitalist are destructive of their class interest in general.

-They lead to the destruction of capitalism because

they act rationally depending on their self interest it leads to ultimate economic crises and

then this will lead to the destruction of the common interest common to all.

Gender SocializationGender Socialization

Presenter: Sarah CongPresenter: Sarah Cong

Definition:Definition:

Gender socialization:Gender socialization: The process of The process of learning the attitudes and behaviors that learning the attitudes and behaviors that are considered culturally appropriate for are considered culturally appropriate for boys and girls. boys and girls.

Why is gender socialization so important?Why is gender socialization so important?

Gender socialization begins very early in lifeGender socialization begins very early in life

As the child gets older, he or she will begin to As the child gets older, he or she will begin to develop an identity for his or herself and develop an identity for his or herself and establish a personality that reflects their establish a personality that reflects their masculinity or femininity. masculinity or femininity.

Nancy Chodorow's essay“ Family Structure and Nancy Chodorow's essay“ Family Structure and Feminine Personality" basically states that the Feminine Personality" basically states that the development of a child is basically the same for development of a child is basically the same for boys and girls until the age of three. boys and girls until the age of three.

The difference between girls The difference between girls and boysand boys

GenderGender

AllowanceAllowance

*Approximately 50% higher then girls*Approximately 50% higher then girls

GirlsGirls BoysBoys

$2.67$2.67 $4.18$4.18

Also, the survey goes Also, the survey goes into how many chores into how many chores girls and boys do in girls and boys do in order to earn their order to earn their allowance. allowance.

Boys only perform an Boys only perform an average of three average of three whereas girls perform whereas girls perform twelve or more.twelve or more.

0123456789

101112

Girls Boys

Chores

Why are girls expected to do Why are girls expected to do four times as much work around four times as much work around

the house than the boys are?the house than the boys are?

Chodorow's theoryChodorow's theory

Gender and the Media Gender and the Media

For example, beer companies will target For example, beer companies will target the twenty to thirty year old male audience the twenty to thirty year old male audience and include scantily clad women enjoying and include scantily clad women enjoying their favorite beers.their favorite beers.

Popular women's magazines also use Popular women's magazines also use beautiful women to promote cosmetics beautiful women to promote cosmetics and beauty products. and beauty products.

Female Exploitation Female Exploitation

Advertisers utilize female images to sell Advertisers utilize female images to sell products. products.

Society associates beauty with the female Society associates beauty with the female and we are more inclined to pay attention and we are more inclined to pay attention to a beautiful woman presented to us on a to a beautiful woman presented to us on a screen or a page in a magazine. screen or a page in a magazine.

InventiveInventive Ability Ability

Presenter: Benny QuachPresenter: Benny Quach

Inventive AbilityInventive Ability

Inventive ability is probably independent of Inventive ability is probably independent of biological genderbiological gender

Ultimate factors of inventive ability may be Ultimate factors of inventive ability may be artistic ability and set-breaking thinkingartistic ability and set-breaking thinking

The difference in connections of the right The difference in connections of the right and left side of the brain based on gender and left side of the brain based on gender

Equality of Women InventorsEquality of Women Inventors

Dr. Mary WillardDr. Mary Willard

Jeanne ManceJeanne Mance

Chinese physicistChinese physicist

Inventive Motive, Opportunity, & Inventive Motive, Opportunity, & AchievementAchievement

Motives and opportunities varied Motives and opportunities varied depending on the situationdepending on the situation

Division of laborDivision of labor

Improved processes and invented new Improved processes and invented new tools to work more efficientlytools to work more efficiently

Inventive Motive, Opportunity, & Inventive Motive, Opportunity, & Achievement cont’d.Achievement cont’d.

Discovered healing properties in herbs Discovered healing properties in herbs and invented remediesand invented remedies

Invention of the LoomInvention of the Loom

Neolithic RevolutionNeolithic Revolution

AmandaAmanda Theodosia Jones Theodosia Jones (1835-1914)(1835-1914)

Presenter: Jenny HuangPresenter: Jenny Huang

Amanda Theodosia Jones Amanda Theodosia Jones Born in East Bloomfield, Ontario County, New York, Born in East Bloomfield, Ontario County, New York,

October 19October 19thth, 1835 , 1835 Had an educated family Had an educated family Fourth of twelve childrenFourth of twelve children Spent many years devoted to writing and to many Spent many years devoted to writing and to many

personal pursuits personal pursuits Lived through several occupations:Lived through several occupations:

TeacherTeacher PoetPoet SpiritualistSpiritualist Inventor Inventor EntrepreneurEntrepreneur

Vacuum-Canning ProcessVacuum-Canning Process Also known as Pure Food Vacuum Preserving Also known as Pure Food Vacuum Preserving

Process(es)Process(es) The system involves food placed in a container, the The system involves food placed in a container, the

air drained out through a series of tubes, and hot air drained out through a series of tubes, and hot liquid (100 to 120°F) added to the container to liquid (100 to 120°F) added to the container to complete the seal processcomplete the seal process

Became the standard canning method in the United Became the standard canning method in the United States States

Vacuum-Canning ProcessVacuum-Canning Process Received help from Professor LeRoy Cooley of Albany, Received help from Professor LeRoy Cooley of Albany,

NYNY

In 1873 five patents covered the original methodIn 1873 five patents covered the original method Two to Jones alone for preserving foodTwo to Jones alone for preserving food One to Jones and Cooley jointOne to Jones and Cooley joint Two to Cooley alone with one also assigned to Two to Cooley alone with one also assigned to

Jones for the vacuum method called Jones ProcessJones for the vacuum method called Jones Process

InventionsInventions In 1905 patented two more related inventions and two In 1905 patented two more related inventions and two

invention companies exploited her process and invention companies exploited her process and apparatus apparatus The Woman’s Canning and Preserving Company of The Woman’s Canning and Preserving Company of

Chicago was the most interested- an all woman Chicago was the most interested- an all woman enterpriseenterprise

Jones left the company after 3 years because of the Jones left the company after 3 years because of the lack of support from fellow officerslack of support from fellow officers

The company lasted until 1921The company lasted until 1921

InventionsInventions Vacuum process for dry food (1906)Vacuum process for dry food (1906) Ready-Tin CanReady-Tin Can Oil heating furnaceOil heating furnace In a Methodist magazine (1854) "Ladies' Repository" In a Methodist magazine (1854) "Ladies' Repository"

Amanda Jones was noted for writing several popular civil Amanda Jones was noted for writing several popular civil war folk songs and for her books of poetrywar folk songs and for her books of poetry