The Market Revolution The Market Revolution 1800-18401800-1840

A New EconomyA New Economy

Created by innovations in Created by innovations in transportation and communicationtransportation and communication

Roads were primitiveRoads were primitive Transporting of goods was difficult Transporting of goods was difficult

if you didn’t live near water or a if you didn’t live near water or a major city-Ex. New York, Boston, major city-Ex. New York, Boston, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia

The American SystemThe American System

The end of the War of 1812 started a The end of the War of 1812 started a movement of national pride known as movement of national pride known as the “Era of Good Feelings”the “Era of Good Feelings”

War also showed the improvement the War also showed the improvement the US needed to make in the area of roads US needed to make in the area of roads and transportationand transportation

Senators Henry Clay (Kentucky) and Senators Henry Clay (Kentucky) and John C. Calhoun (South Carolina) knew John C. Calhoun (South Carolina) knew both industry and transportation needed both industry and transportation needed help from the national governmenthelp from the national government

American system also supported by American system also supported by President James MonroePresident James Monroe

Goal was to become economically Goal was to become economically independent of Britainindependent of Britain

American system had three parts:American system had three parts:– A new national bank. The charter for A new national bank. The charter for

the First B.U.S. expired in 1811the First B.U.S. expired in 1811– A protective tariff on imports to help A protective tariff on imports to help

American industryAmerican industry– Federal funding of “internal Federal funding of “internal

improvements”improvements”

New B.U.S. starts in 1816 with a New B.U.S. starts in 1816 with a 20 year charter20 year charter

New tariff in 1816New tariff in 1816

New TechnologiesNew Technologies

SteamboatsSteamboats CanalsCanals RailroadRailroad Telegraph-Samuel B. MorseTelegraph-Samuel B. Morse Roads-Toll Roads-”Turnpikes”Roads-Toll Roads-”Turnpikes”

Cumberland Road (1818-Cumberland Road (1818-1838)1838)

Erie CanalErie Canal“Clinton’s Big Ditch”“Clinton’s Big Ditch”

363 miles363 miles Completed in 1825Completed in 1825 Links East Coast to the Great Links East Coast to the Great

Lakes and trade in the NorthwestLakes and trade in the Northwest Funded entirely by New York Funded entirely by New York

StateState $7 million$7 million

Railroads and The Railroads and The TelegraphTelegraph

Railroads opened territories to Railroads opened territories to settlement and coal miningsettlement and coal mining

Building of the Baltimore and Ohio Building of the Baltimore and Ohio (B and O) railroad began in 1828(B and O) railroad began in 1828

By 1860, there was 30,000 miles By 1860, there was 30,000 miles of railroadof railroad

Telegraph developed by Samuel Telegraph developed by Samuel F.B. Morse during the 1830’sF.B. Morse during the 1830’s

Morse codeMorse code

The Rise of the WestThe Rise of the West

Between 1790 and 1840, 4.5 million Between 1790 and 1840, 4.5 million people crossed the Appalachian people crossed the Appalachian MountainsMountains

By 1840, the total population of people By 1840, the total population of people living west of the AM was 7 million living west of the AM was 7 million peoplepeople

6 new states came into the Union6 new states came into the Union In 1819, Spain ceded Florida to the USIn 1819, Spain ceded Florida to the US Adams-Onis TreatyAdams-Onis Treaty First Seminole WarFirst Seminole War Trouble for Andrew Jackson?Trouble for Andrew Jackson?

CottonCotton

After 1824, rise of sectionalismAfter 1824, rise of sectionalism North-Industrial, West-land, North-Industrial, West-land,

railroads, mining, South-Cotton railroads, mining, South-Cotton and Tobaccoand Tobacco

The South’s climate made it good The South’s climate made it good for cotton growingfor cotton growing

Tobacco exhausted the soilTobacco exhausted the soil Invention of the Cotton Gin by Eli Invention of the Cotton Gin by Eli

WhitneyWhitney

Cotton and Slavery

Around 1 million slaves came to the Deep South (Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama) between 1800 and 1860

Massive slave market develops within the US after 1808

1793-5 million pounds of cotton 1820-170 million

ImmigrationImmigration

1841-1845 430,000

1846-1850 1,283,000

1851-1855 1,748,000

1856-1860 850,000

Two main groups were Irish and Two main groups were Irish and GermansGermans

Irish-Potato FamineIrish-Potato Famine Germans-Land, Religious FreedomGermans-Land, Religious Freedom Revolutions-1830’s and 1840’s in Revolutions-1830’s and 1840’s in

EuropeEurope

Rise of Nativism

Those who opposed Irish immigration Those who opposed Irish immigration were known as nativistswere known as nativists

Term nativists comes from native born Term nativists comes from native born AmericansAmericans

Nativists opposed the Irish because of Nativists opposed the Irish because of their religiontheir religion

Also blamed them for problems in Also blamed them for problems in society- crime, political corruption, society- crime, political corruption, drinking alcohol, taking away jobs from drinking alcohol, taking away jobs from native born Americansnative born Americans

The Second Great Awakening

Starts at the beginning of the 19th Century Most popular in the 1820’s and 1830’s Many reform movements in our country Reverend Charles Grandison Finney Month long meetings in upstate New York

and New York City Warned of hell for those who lead a sinful life New technologies allowed message to spread

quickly SGA led to an explosion of new Christian

dominations Ex. Mormons under Joseph Smith in upstate

New York

Cult of Domesticity

Work opportunities for married women were closed to them during the Market Revolution

COD was a new definition of femininity

Woman’s “place” was in the home Roles included love, friendship,

mutual obligation, sheltering men from the competitive marketplace

“Woman, a Source of Comfort” “Woman, a Being to Come Home

to” “Woman, Man’s Best Friend”