The many ways of research in semantic technologies
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The many ways of research insemantic technologies
Mathieu d'Aquin - @mdaquin
slideshare.net/mdaquin
Knowledge Media Institute, The Open University
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It's like a Ukulele...
What is research?
Image: http://flickr.com/photos/gabrielleee/4619731702
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It's like playing the Ukulele...
What is doing research?
Image: http://flickr.com/photos/gabrielleee/4619731702
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____________________*____________*_______*____*____*___...
Doing Research/Playing the Ukulele
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____________________*____________*_______*____*____*___...
Doing Research/Playing the Ukulele
*: Playing to family/friends, try to impress a potential partner, playing agig/concert, etc.
*: Submitting/presenting/defending paper/dissertation/thesis
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____________________*____________*_______*____*____*___...
Doing Research/Playing the Ukulele
*: Playing to family/friends, try to impress a potential partner, playing agig/concert, etc.
*: Submitting/presenting/defending paper/dissertation/thesis
__: Periods that start with not knowing what you are doing and duringwhich you work it out, i.e. the most important part, and the one nobody
wants to hear about!
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What happen during * timeYou show the results of the __ times
Submit defend thesis/dissertation:a structured synthesis of youresearch.
Conferences: EKAW, K-CAP, ISWC,ESWC, ECAI, IJCAI, AAAI, ...
Journals: DKE, Data Semantics,Applied Ontology, KnowledgeEngineering Review, Journal of WebSemantics, Semantic Web Journal, ...
picture:http://flickr.com/photos/jurvetson/4647592085/
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What's that?
Depends on the researchmethodology...
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Depends on the researchmethodology...3 Types of Research
Exploratory research: Identify a question or a problem.Constructive research: Test theories and propose answers toquestions and problems.Empirical research: Test and acquire new knowledge by observation.
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Depends on the researchmethodology...
Many Types of Methodology
Quantitative: Based on quantifiable data andmeasurements
Qualitative: Based on observations anddescription of specific situations
Others and in between... (e.g. meta-analysis)
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Depends on the researchmethodology...
What do we do in KA/KE/SW?
Quantitative QualitativeExploratoryConstructiveEmpirical
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Depends on the researchmethodology...
What do we do in KA/KE/SW?*
Quantitative QualitativeExploratoryConstructive +++Empirical + +
*My subjective view
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Example of constructiveresearch in KA/KE/SW
Nikolov, Andriy; d'Aquin, Mathieu and Motta, Enrico (2012). Unsupervised learning of linkdiscovery configuration. In ESWC 2012
Problem: Link discovery requires configurationExisting work: Use supervise techniques to learn theseconfigurationsSolution: Use genetic algorithms to learn them in an unsupervisedmannerEvaluation: Quantitative - through a benchmark
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Example of constructiveresearch in KA/KE/SW
d'Aquin, Mathieu and Motta, Enrico (2011). Extracting relevant questions to an RDF dataset usingformal concept analysis. In: K-CAP 2011.
Problem: Understanding what is in alinked dataset is long and difficultExisting work: Metadata, tagging,visualisations, giving indirect views ofwhat can be done with the datasetSolution: Extract relevant questionsautomatically using Formal ConceptAnalysisEvaluation: Quantitiative - based on asurvey
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Example of empirical researchin KA/KE/SW
Scheuermann, Andreas; Motta, Enrico; Mulholland, Paul; Gangemi, Aldo and Presutti, Valentina(2013). An empirical perspective on representing time. In: K-CAP 2013.
Theory: Different representations oftime have different impact on people'sability to use themTesting method: survey /questionnaireAnalysis: Mostly quantitative -compare results with differentrepresentations, but also a bitqualitative
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Example of empirical researchin KA/KE/SW
Ilaria Tiddi, Mathieu d'Aquin and Enrico Motta, Quantifying the bias in data links. In EKAW 2014.
Theory: Linked datasets are biased towards certain situations;Tthesebiases can be extracted from links to other datasetsTesting methods: Automated measurement of the significance ofdifferences between datasetsAnalysis: Quantitative - t-test
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Example of exploratoryresearch in KA/KE/SW
Mathieu d’Aquin, Claudio Baldassarre, Laurian Gridinoc, Sofia Angeletou, Marta Sabou, andEnrico Motta, Characterizing Knowledge on the Semantic Web with Watson. In EON at ISWC 2007.
Area to explore: Ontologies on the webExploration method: Extract characteristices (e.g. size, lang, logic)Analysis: Quantitative - Analysis of distributions
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Research is about contributing to knowledge in an area.
Why is this important?
Doing a PhD is about making one,substantial, self-contained, valid
research contribution.
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In other words...Constructive
ResearchEmpirical Research Exploratory Research
y1 Understanddomain
Read Read Read
y1 Develophypothesis
There is a bettersolution to a problem
There is a theory toprove/disprove
There is a domain withphenomena to explore
y2 Developresearch
Create a new solutionto the problem
Design theexperiment
Design the explorationmethod
y3 Obtainresults
Evaluate solution Analyse experiment Extract patterns
y3 Synthetise Write Write Write
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ConclusionThere are many ways learn the
ukulele. There are many ways to do
research in KA/KE/SW.Some are more common than
others.
You are playing the ukulelewell when:
Your friends don't run awaywhen you start.
You have done good researchwhen:
It is validated, evaluated, proved.
Choosing an establishedmethodology makes you lifeeasier, and helps your peers
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(EKAW, ISWC...), (ESWC, ...)
: SSSW 2015 is especially good!
Things that can help...Doctoral consortium PhD Symposiums
Summer Schools
http://sssw.org/2015
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Thanks!
Carlo Allocca Fouad Zablith
Ilaria Tiddi Enrico Daga
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Doing a PhD
Source: http://matt.might.net/articles/phd-school-in-pictures/
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Doing a PhD
Source: http://matt.might.net/articles/phd-school-in-pictures/
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Doing a PhD
Source: http://matt.might.net/articles/phd-school-in-pictures/
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Doing a PhD
Source: http://matt.might.net/articles/phd-school-in-pictures/
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Doing a PhD
Source: http://matt.might.net/articles/phd-school-in-pictures/
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Doing a PhD
Source: http://matt.might.net/articles/phd-school-in-pictures/
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Doing a PhD
Source: http://matt.might.net/articles/phd-school-in-pictures/
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A proper research methodologyso that you can prove that you
did...
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... and not that...