The Mamlūk Period: Fatwas and Polemics Against Dhimmīs
Transcript of The Mamlūk Period: Fatwas and Polemics Against Dhimmīs
The Mamlūk Period: Fatwas and PolemicsAgainst Dhimmīs• al-Qarāfī’s (Egypt, d. 1285) The Glorious Answers to Wicked Questions
(Kitāb al-Ajwiba al-Fākhira ʿan asʾila al-fājira)
• Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (Syria, d. 1350) Guide of the Perplexed in Replyto the Jews and the Christians (Hidāyat al-Ḥayārā fī Ajwibat al-Yahūdwa-l-Naṣārā)
• Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, Aḥkām ahl al-dhimma (The Laws Pertainingthe Protected People)
legal opinions (fatwa, pl. fatāwā) ordering theclosure of synagogues and churches• Taqī al-Dīn ibn Taymiyya (1263–1328)
• Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq
• Taqī al-Dīn al-Subkī (1353)
• Ibn Ḥajar (1442)
• Ibn ʿUbayya (regarding the so-called Ramban synagogue in Jerusalem, 1474)
• Najm al-Dīn ibn al-Rifʿa
• al-Nawawī
• Ibn al-Naqqāsh
• Ghāzī ibn al-Wāsiṭī’s ‘An Answer to the Dhimmis’
• al-Jawbarī, The Best Collection Disclosing the Secrets (Kitāb al-Mukhtār fī kashf al-asrār)
Ghazi al-Wasiti
Jewish Converts to Islam and the Anti-JewishPolemics
• Samawʾal al-Maghribī, Silencing the Jews
• Saʿīd ibn Ḥasan of Alexandria (1320), Path of Investigation about theProphethood of the Lord of Mankind (Kitāb Masālik al-naẓar fīnubuwwat sayyid al-bashar)
• ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq al-Islāmī’s The Outstretched Sword in Refutation of theJewish Sages (Sayf al-mamdūd fī l-Radd ʿalā Aḥbār al-Yahūd), writtenaround 1395
• The Fortification of Faith (Taʾyīd al-Milla), a work probably written by a Mudejar of mid-fourteenth-century Aragon
• The Key of Religion (Kitāb Miftāḥ al-Dīn)
• Muḥammad al-Qaysī, “Disputation between Christians and Muslims”