The Lord of the Flies - by William Golding
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Transcript of The Lord of the Flies - by William Golding
The Lord of the Flies - by William Golding
About William Golding
• British novelist• Born on September 19, 1911, died 1993• Studied Science and English at Oxford• Fought in Royal Navy during WWII• Participated in invasion of Normandy on D-Day• At war’s end, returned to teaching and writing• Earned the Nobel Prize in Literature
SIR WILLIAM GOLDING 1911-1993
Born in Britain
Was employed as a schoolteacher
Served five years in the Royal Navy during WWII
Lord of the Flies published in 1954
The World Golding Knew
• WWII 1939- 1945• The fall of France to Nazi Germany in
1940• Britain feared an invasion and evacuated
children to other countries• 1940- A German U-Boat torpedoed a
British ship carrying children, killing the boys, thus suspending the oversees evacuation program
Events of WWII• 1939- Britain joined France in war against Nazi
Germany• 1940- Fall of France • 1940- Fascist Italy joins the Axis with Germany • 1941- Japan attacks Pearl Harbor causing USA
to declare war on Japan and enter the war• 1944- D-Day Normandy Landings• 1945- Bombing of Dresden• 1945- European victory celebrated • 1945- Atomic Bomb dropped in Hiroshima
immediately killing 60-80,000 people (final death toll 135,000 people)
IMAGES FROM WWII
IMAGES FROM WWIIIMAGES FROM WWIIIMAGES FROM WWII
IMAGES FROM WWII
On Writing Lord of the Flies
“It was simply what seemed sensible for me to write after the war when everyone was thanking God they weren’t Nazis. I’d seen enough to realize that every single one of us could be Nazis.” --William Golding
Inspiration
• Golding once allowed his class of boys total freedom in a debate, but had to intervene as mayhem soon broke out
• Experiences in war• Critical response to Coral Island by R.M.
Ballanytyne• Philosophical questions about human
nature
As a child, Golding had witnessed WWI, “the war to end all wars”
In the decade before Lord of the Flies was published, Britain had been involved in two more wars: World War II (which Golding served) and the Korean War
Sir William Golding’s Influences
Philosophical Influence
• John Hobbes– English Philosopher: 1588- 1679– Man is by nature selfishly individualistic– Man constantly at war with other men– Fear of violent death is sole motivation to
create civilizations– Men need to be controlled by absolute
sovereignty to avoid brutish behavior
PLOT OF LORD OF THE FLIESWilliam Golding sets his novel Lord of the Flies at a time when Europe is in the midst of nuclear destruction. A group of British school boys, being evacuated from England, crash lands on a tropical island. No adults survive the crash, and the novel is the story of the boys' descent into chaos, disorder, and evil.
Story Synopsis
• Set in mid 1940’s when Europe was engulfed in war.
• A plane carrying British school boys is mistaken for a military craft and shot down.
• Only the boys survive the crash and try to form a society and govern themselves.
TERMS to REMEMBER Microcosm - A small world
that represents the world at large
Edenic – Eden-like, paradise like, a setting that has not yet been spoiled by man
“Beelzebub” is a Hebrew
word for Lucifer
The literal translation of “Beelzebub” into English is “Lord of the Flies”
The Lord of the Flies – Title Significance
Golding’s Message
“The theme is an attempt to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature.”
--William Golding
Themes
• Survival• Power/leadership styles• Civilization vs. Savagery• Loss of Innocence• Human nature
• Duality of man• Nature Vs. Nurture• Good Vs. Evil
Golding’s Literary Technique
• Heavy use of symbolism• Irony• Allusion• Abundant imagery and sensory detail• Figurative Language
Simile Metaphor Personification
Allusions• Use of the names Ralph and Jack as the
main characters from The Coral Island.• Simon from the Bible “Simon called Peter”,
Peter was the other boy’s name in The Coral Island
• Mention of Coral Island and Treasure Island
• Numerous biblical allusions throughout
1) Piggy’s glasses – the last surviving evidence of the lawful, structured, rational world
2) conch shell – order and democracy on the island
3) The fire
4) The Island
5) The Beast
6) Jack’s mask
SYMBOLS
Artist’s Rendering of the Island
• http://www.gerenser.com/lotf/island.html
. The island in Lord of the Flies is never actually pointed out in the real world. The tropical location has a beach, as seen above, where Ralph and Piggy emerge from the scar to find the conch. Further inland is the dense jungle, towards the center of which is Simon's mat of creepers. This is also where pigs are hunted and the Lord of the Flies is eventually found. The mountain located at the very left of this rendering is where the boys climb to the summit in order to take in their surroundings. It is also the location of the fire and the dead parachutist. Castle Rock, the other high rising formation found on the opposite end of the island, rises high above the sea. The area is turned into a fortress for Jack and his tribe. The island is described as being in the shape of a boat, which is approximated in the above picture. The boat imagery and the island itself are both symbols, as found on the analysis page. The island is a microcosm for the real world, along with all the problems and realities faced in the world.0/8
Character Analysis1) Ralph- Main character described
as “fair haired,” having “broad shoulders…[like a] boxer’s,” and has a face that “proclaims no devil”
Committed to civilization and morality
2) Piggy - Described as “fat,” “intellectual,” asthmatic, and needs glasses
Represents scientific, rational side of civilization, and social order
Character Analysis• Simon - Described as a skinny,
vivid little boy, who “meditates;” and he faints at different times in the novel, which some cultures have believed is a sign of connecting with the spiritual world
Seems to be connected with nature, and he has an innate, spiritual goodness
Character Analysis• Sam and Eric (Samneric) ~
Twins
Described as barely having enough skin to cover both, bullet-headed, and they finish each other’s sentences
The last to remain loyal to Ralph
Represent the tug-of-warwithin us to remain good
Character Analysis• Jack - Described as having
red hair, malevolent, aggressive, wears black with a snake clasp
• Cruel and manipulativeRepresents our savage instincts played out
Character Analysis Roger - “Silent” and sadistic
Targets the “littluns”The only one to premeditate murder
Kills without consciencePure evil
Character Analysis• “Littluns” ~ The younger kids
Represent the common folk, who easily follow the lead of others into savagery when there is no enforced structure in society
Lord of the Flies in Pop Culture
• In Hook, Robin Williams compares Lost Boys to savages in LOTF
• The Simpsons episode “Das Bus” is a parody• Inspiration for the anime series Infinite Ryvius• Mel Gibson’s 2006 movie Apocalypto has a similar
ending.• T.V. shows Survivor and Lost are said to have
been inspired from LOTF• 2006 movie Unaccompanied Minors makes
reference to LOTF
Popular Culture Cont.
• Stephen King uses the name “Castle Rock” (from the novel) as the name of a town in his books. He also makes reference to LOTF in the novels The Girl Who Loved Tom Gordon, Cujo and Hearts in Atlantis
• Orson Scott Card makes reference in his novel, Ender’s Shadow.
• Degrassi: The Next Generation, Danny Phantom, The Daily Show all mention the novel
Source of Inspiration to Musicians
• Musicians Iron Maiden, Gatsby’s American Dream, Nine Inch Nails, Tori Amos, A.F.I., and Danielle Dax have all recorded songs about the novel.
Titles such as:“Where the Flies Are”“Touch Piggy’s Eyes”
“Lord of the Flies”“Piggy“Fable”
The End
“Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of man's heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy."
- William Golding, Lord of the Flies, Chapter 12