The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California,...
-
Upload
ally-pilley -
Category
Documents
-
view
212 -
download
0
Transcript of The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California,...
![Page 1: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Long Reach of Early Math Skills
Greg J. Duncan
School of Education
University of California, Irvine
![Page 2: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
How well does kindergarten math teaching line up with what children need to learn?
How important are math skills for school achievement, completed schooling and labor market success?
![Page 3: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What skills and behaviors matter most for success in school?
![Page 4: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Skills and Behaviors
AchievementEngagement/
AttentionProblem
Behaviors
Description: Concrete math and reading
skills
Ability to control impulses and focus
on tasks
i) Ability to get along with others
ii) Sound mental health
Example test areas or question wording:
Knowing letters and numbers;
beginning word sounds, word
problems
Can’t sit still; can’t concentrate; score from a computer test of impulse
control
i) Cheats or tells lies, bullies, is disobedient at school
ii) Is sad, moody
![Page 5: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Which gaps are biggest when children enter school?
![Page 6: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Skill and behavior gaps between high- and low-income kindergarteners
Series1
-10
0
+106
+53
-27 -30Kindergarten gap 5th grade gap
Math achievement
Mental health
problemsAnti-social behavior
School en-gagement
Source: Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Kindergarten cohort.
![Page 7: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Skill and behavior gaps between high- and low-income kindergarteners and fifth graders
Series1
-10
0
+106
+53
-27 -30
+121
+59
-42-31
Kindergarten gap 5th grade gap
Math achievement
Mental health
problemsAnti-social behavior
School en-gagement
Source: Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Kindergarten cohort.
![Page 8: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
How important are school-entry math skills for school achievement?
How important are K-5 math skills for completed schooling?
How important are adolescent math skills for labor market success?
![Page 9: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Effects of school-entry skills and behaviors on later achievement
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400
Mental health
Reading
Math
EngagementAnti-social
![Page 10: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Effects of school-entry skills and behaviors on later achievement
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400
Mental health
Reading
MathEngagementAnti-social
![Page 11: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
How much time do kindergarten teachers spend teaching math and literacy?
![Page 12: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Kindergarten teaching – hours/wk
All teachersTeachers in low-income
schools
Reading 4.9 5.0
Math 3.1 3.1
![Page 13: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
How does math teaching in kindergarten line up with children’s proficiency levels?
![Page 14: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Kindergarten student mastery vs. time spent teaching
Mastery by Fall K
Basic Counting & Shapes 95%
Patterns & Measurement 62%
Place value & Currency 25%
Addition & Subtraction 7%
11,517 students 2,176 teachers
![Page 15: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Kindergarten student mastery vs. time spent teaching
Mastery by Fall K Mean Days/Month spent teaching
Basic Counting & Shapes 95% 12.70
Patterns & Measurement 62% 7.68
Place value & Currency 25% 8.61
Addition & Subtraction 7% 4.38
11,517 students 2,176 teachers
![Page 16: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
How is growth in kindergarteners’ math affected by basic and advanced instruction?
![Page 17: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Instruction time and math achievement
B asi c math A d van ced math
0
-.041
+.065
All students Low-income students onlyMat
h le
arni
ng in
kin
derg
arte
n
Source: Claessens and Engel (under review)
Basic math instruction time
Advanced math instruction time
![Page 18: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Instruction time and math achievement
B asi c math A d van ced math
0
-.041
+.065
-.029
+.056
All students Low-income students only
Mat
h le
arni
ng in
kin
derg
arte
n
Source: Claessens and Engel (under review)
Basic math instruction time
Advanced math instruction time
![Page 19: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
How important are school-entry math skills for school achievement?
How important are K-5 math skills for completed schooling?
How important are adolescent math skills for labor market success?
![Page 20: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Effects of K-5 skills and behaviors on completed schooling
0 10 200
MathReading
Anti-social
At-ten-tion
![Page 21: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Effects of K-5 skills and behaviors on completed schooling
0 10 200
MathReading
Anti-socialAt-
ten-tion
![Page 22: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
How important are school-entry math skills for school achievement?
How important are K-5 math skills for completed schooling?
How important are adolescent math skills for labor market success?
![Page 23: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Effects of adolescent skills and behaviors on earnings
0 10 200
Anxiety
Reading
Anti-socialAt-
ten-tion
Math
![Page 24: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Effects of adolescent skills and behaviors on earnings
0 10 200
Anxiety Reading
Anti-socialAt-
ten-tion
Math
![Page 25: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Why math? (preliminary)
• Motivational story:
• Math feedback is very concrete
• Kids who don’t master math don’t think they are good at math or good at school
![Page 26: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Why math (con’t)?
• Structural story:
• teachers and schools provide extra opportunities for early math achievers?
• moderate math skills keeps kids out of special education?
![Page 27: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Why math (con’t)? • Cognitive skill story:
• math may structure thinking in ways that help students learn both higher-level math and other skills
• Building Blocks impacts on four oral language subtests: ability to recall key words, use of complex utterances, willingness to reproduce narratives independently, and inferential reasoning
![Page 28: The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c469a5503469d6a8b46e8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Summary
• Early math is surprisingly important
• Kindergarten teachers spend much less time on math than reading
• Early math instruction is geared toward skills kids already know
• Math is also highly predictive of completed schooling and earnings