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The local knowledge of the rural people on species, role, and hunting of birds: Case study in Karangwangi Village, Cidaun Sub- INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIODIVERSITY UGM YOGYAKARTA, 19 MARCH 2016 study in Karangwangi Village, Cidaun Sub- district, West Java
Transcript of The local knowledge of the rural people on species, role ... · the local knowledge of the rural...
The local knowledge of the rural people onspecies, role, and hunting of birds: Casestudy in Karangwangi Village, Cidaun Sub-district, West Java
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIODIVERSITYUGM YOGYAKARTA, 19 MARCH 2016
The local knowledge of the rural people onspecies, role, and hunting of birds: Casestudy in Karangwangi Village, Cidaun Sub-district, West Java
THE LOCAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE RURAL PEOPLE ONSPECIES, ROLE, AND HUNTING OF BIRDS: CASE STUDY INKARANGWANGI VILLAGE, CIDAUN SUB-DISTRICT, WEST
JAVA
JOHAN ISKANDAR, BUDIAWATI.S.ISKANDAR, RUHYAT PARTASASMITA(UNIVERSITY OF PADJADJARAN)
• BIRD DIVERSITY IN JAVA
• ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL FUNCTION OFBIRDS
• STUDY OF LOCAL KNOWLEDGE OF RURAL PEOPLE ON BIRDS
• LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ON SPECIES, ROLE, AND HUNTING
• CONCLUSION
• BIRD DIVERSITY IN JAVA
• ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL FUNCTION OFBIRDS
• STUDY OF LOCAL KNOWLEDGE OF RURAL PEOPLE ON BIRDS
• LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ON SPECIES, ROLE, AND HUNTING
• CONCLUSION
THE BIRDS OF JAVA AND THE SURROUNDING (HOOGERWERF, 1948)
• TOTAL – 536 SPECIES AND SUB-SPECIES OF BIRDS CONSIST OF :• BREEDING SPECIES AND SUB-SPECIES 410 (76,5 %)• MIGRANTS FROM NORTHERN HEMISPHERE 104 SPECIES & SUB SPECIES
(19,4 %)• MIGRANT FROM SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE 7 SPECIES & SUB-SPECIES (1,3
%)• STAGGLERS 13 SPECIES & SUB-SPECIES (2,4 %)• STATUS UNKNOWN 2 SPECIES & SUB-SPECIES (0,3 %)
• TOTAL – 536 SPECIES AND SUB-SPECIES OF BIRDS CONSIST OF :• BREEDING SPECIES AND SUB-SPECIES 410 (76,5 %)• MIGRANTS FROM NORTHERN HEMISPHERE 104 SPECIES & SUB SPECIES
(19,4 %)• MIGRANT FROM SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE 7 SPECIES & SUB-SPECIES (1,3
%)• STAGGLERS 13 SPECIES & SUB-SPECIES (2,4 %)• STATUS UNKNOWN 2 SPECIES & SUB-SPECIES (0,3 %)
ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF BIRDS
• ECOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF BIRDS: PEST CONTROL, POLINATOR, SEEDDISPERSAL, AND INDICATOR OF SEASONAL CHANGES, SUCH ASBEGINNING OF RAINY SEASON
• ECOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF BIRDS: PEST CONTROL, POLINATOR, SEEDDISPERSAL, AND INDICATOR OF SEASONAL CHANGES, SUCH ASBEGINNING OF RAINY SEASON
WOOD PECKER ASANT EATER
EAGLE CONSIDERED ASRAT EATER/RAT CONTROL
HORNBILL CONSIDEREDAS SEED DISPERSAL
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL FUNCTION OF BIRDS
• THE BIRD-KEEPING RECOGNISED AS HOBBBY FOR JAVANESEPEOPLE: PERFECTION OF FAMILY LIFE BASED ON CULTURE
(1) HAVE A JOB (NARPADA)(2) HAVE A HOUSE (WISMO)(3) HAVE HORSE OR VEHICLE (TURANGGA)(4) HAVE A WIFE (GARWO)(5) HAVE A PET BIRD/THE BIRD KEEPING (KUKILA, MANUK)• BIRD KEEPING OF PERKUTUT (ZEBRA DOVE-GEOPELIA STRIATA
CONSIDERED) AS ‘BRING LUCK’
• THE BIRD-KEEPING RECOGNISED AS HOBBBY FOR JAVANESEPEOPLE: PERFECTION OF FAMILY LIFE BASED ON CULTURE
(1) HAVE A JOB (NARPADA)(2) HAVE A HOUSE (WISMO)(3) HAVE HORSE OR VEHICLE (TURANGGA)(4) HAVE A WIFE (GARWO)(5) HAVE A PET BIRD/THE BIRD KEEPING (KUKILA, MANUK)• BIRD KEEPING OF PERKUTUT (ZEBRA DOVE-GEOPELIA STRIATA
CONSIDERED) AS ‘BRING LUCK’
HUMAN ACTIVITIES AND THE DECLINE OF BIRD SPECIES
• BIRD SPECIES HAVE DECREASED DUE TO MANY FACTORS:
- ILLEGAL BIRD HUNTING --- FOR BIRD TRADING IN BIRD MARKETS
- MODIFICATION AND DESTRUCTION OF BIRD HABITATS
- SIDE EFFECT OF INTENSIVE USE OF PESTICIDES
• THERE FORE, SOME BIRDS, SUCH AS JAVA SPARROW HAS BECAME RAREIN RURAL AREAS
• BIRD SPECIES HAVE DECREASED DUE TO MANY FACTORS:
- ILLEGAL BIRD HUNTING --- FOR BIRD TRADING IN BIRD MARKETS
- MODIFICATION AND DESTRUCTION OF BIRD HABITATS
- SIDE EFFECT OF INTENSIVE USE OF PESTICIDES
• THERE FORE, SOME BIRDS, SUCH AS JAVA SPARROW HAS BECAME RAREIN RURAL AREAS
THE LOCAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE RURAL PEOPLE ON BIRDS INKARANGWANGI VILLAGE, CIDAUN SUB-DISTRICT, WEST JAVA
• THE OBCETIVE OF THE STUDY WAS TO ELUCIDATE:- LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ON BIRD SPECIES- LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ON ROLE OF BIRD /BIRD FUNCTIONS- LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ON BIRD HUNTING
SOCIAL SYSTEM:LOCAL KNOWLEDGE RURAL ECOSYSTEM:BIRDS
THE LOCAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE RURAL PEOPLE ON BIRDS INKARANGWANGI VILLAGE, CIDAUN SUB-DISTRICT, WEST JAVA
• THE OBCETIVE OF THE STUDY WAS TO ELUCIDATE:- LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ON BIRD SPECIES- LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ON ROLE OF BIRD /BIRD FUNCTIONS- LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ON BIRD HUNTING
SOCIAL SYSTEM:LOCAL KNOWLEDGE RURAL ECOSYSTEM:BIRDS
ETHNOORNITHOLOGY RESEARCH: MATERIALS AND DATA COLLECTION
• MATERIALS: BINOCULAR, FILD GUIDE BOOK OF BIRDS IN JAVA, BALI, SUMATERAAND KALIMANTAN, NOTE BOOKS, CAMERA,
DATA COLLECTION:
- BIRD SURVEY –USINGPOINT COUNTS INHABITATS OF FOREST,MIXED-GARDEN ANDCOASTAL AREAS
- DEEP INTERVIEW WITH
INFORMANTS
RESULT OF STUDY : BIRD SPECIES
TOTAL BIRDSPECIES (59SPECIES)
SURVEYED BY POINT COUNTS: DEEP INTERVIEWED WITH40 SPECIES: DOMINANT – 5 SPECIES; INFORMANTS: 41 WELLSUB-DOMINANT – 8 SPECIES; AND RECOGNIZEDNOT-DOMINANT – 27 SPECIES
FOLK CLASSIFICATION OF BIRD OF KARANGWANGI PEOPLE
LEVEL CLASS (SUNDANESE) ENGLISH TERM RANK0 SATO WILD ANIMAL UNIQUE-BEGINER
1 MANUK BIRDS LIFE-FORM2 CANGKURILEUNG BULBUL SPECIES3 CANGKURILEUNG TIKOTOK BLUISH BULBUL SUB-SPECIES
CANGKURILEUNG KAPAS WHITISH BULBUL
LEVEL CLASS (SUNDANESE) ENGLISH TERM RANK0 SATO WILD ANIMAL UNIQUE-BEGINER
1 MANUK BIRDS LIFE-FORM2 CANGKURILEUNG BULBUL SPECIES3 CANGKURILEUNG TIKOTOK BLUISH BULBUL SUB-SPECIES
CANGKURILEUNG KAPAS WHITISH BULBUL
FOLK CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS• (A) DISTINCTIVE VOICE/VOCALIZATION
• (B) MORPHOLOIGICAL CHARACTERISTIC
• (C) SPECIAL COLOUR
• (D) DISTINTIVE BEHAVIOUR
• (E) TIME ACTIVITY
• (F) NESTING TYPE• (G) HABITAT TYPES, MIGRANT & ROLE OF BIRDS
• (A) DISTINCTIVE VOICE/VOCALIZATION
• (B) MORPHOLOIGICAL CHARACTERISTIC
• (C) SPECIAL COLOUR
• (D) DISTINTIVE BEHAVIOUR
• (E) TIME ACTIVITY
• (F) NESTING TYPE• (G) HABITAT TYPES, MIGRANT & ROLE OF BIRDS
FOLK CLASSIFICATION -- BIRDS
• (A) CLASIFICATION BASED ON DISTINTIVE VOICE/VOCALIZATION
SOURCE: http://ibc.lynxeds.com/photo/zebra-dove-geopelia-striata/dove-roosting-tree-duskVERNACULAR NAME: PERKUTUT (GEOPELIA STRIATA-ZEBRA DOVE)VOICE: PERKUTUTUT-PERKUTUTUT-PERKUTUT
• (A) CLASIFICATION BASED ON DISTINTIVE VOICE/VOCALIZATION
SOURCE: http://ibc.lynxeds.com/photo/zebra-dove-geopelia-striata/dove-roosting-tree-duskVERNACULAR NAME: PERKUTUT (GEOPELIA STRIATA-ZEBRA DOVE)VOICE: PERKUTUTUT-PERKUTUTUT-PERKUTUT
FOLK CLASSIFICATION -- BIRD
• (A) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON DISTINCTIVE VOICE/VOCALIZATION
SOURCE:http://www.birding.in/birds/Passeriformes/Corvidae/common_iora.htmVERNACULAR NAME: MANUK CIPEUW (AEGITHINA TIPHIA-COMMON IORA)VOICE: CIIIPEUW-CIIIPEUW-CIIIPEUW-CIIIPEUW
• (A) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON DISTINCTIVE VOICE/VOCALIZATION
SOURCE:http://www.birding.in/birds/Passeriformes/Corvidae/common_iora.htmVERNACULAR NAME: MANUK CIPEUW (AEGITHINA TIPHIA-COMMON IORA)VOICE: CIIIPEUW-CIIIPEUW-CIIIPEUW-CIIIPEUW
FOLK CLASSIFICATION -- BIRD
• (A) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON DISTINTIVE VOICE/VOCALIZATION
SOURCE: Sumber:Anand Arya/kicaumania.org)MANUK UNGKUT-UNGKUT (MEGALEMAVERNACULAR NAME: UNGKUT-UNGKUT (MEGALAEMA HAEMACEPHALA—COPPERSMITH BARBET)VOICE: KUT-KUT-KUT OR UNGKUT-UNGKUT-UNGKUT
• (A) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON DISTINTIVE VOICE/VOCALIZATION
SOURCE: Sumber:Anand Arya/kicaumania.org)MANUK UNGKUT-UNGKUT (MEGALEMAVERNACULAR NAME: UNGKUT-UNGKUT (MEGALAEMA HAEMACEPHALA—COPPERSMITH BARBET)VOICE: KUT-KUT-KUT OR UNGKUT-UNGKUT-UNGKUT
FOLK CLASSIFICATION --- BIRD
• (A) CLASSIFICATION BASED DISTINCTIVE VOICE/VOCALIZATION
SOURCE: http://www.taenos.com/en/itis/todiramphus-chloris-collaris/Todiramphus%20chloris%20collaris/VERNACULAR NAME: MANUK KAHKEH OR GASNGEK (HALCYON CHLORIS-COLLARED KINGFISHER)VOICE: KAHKEH-KAHKEH-KAHKEH ATAU GASNGEK-GASNGEK-GASNGEK
• (A) CLASSIFICATION BASED DISTINCTIVE VOICE/VOCALIZATION
SOURCE: http://www.taenos.com/en/itis/todiramphus-chloris-collaris/Todiramphus%20chloris%20collaris/VERNACULAR NAME: MANUK KAHKEH OR GASNGEK (HALCYON CHLORIS-COLLARED KINGFISHER)VOICE: KAHKEH-KAHKEH-KAHKEH ATAU GASNGEK-GASNGEK-GASNGEK
FOLK CLASSIFICATION -- BIRD
• (A) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON DISTINCTIVE VOICE/VOCALIZATION
SOURCE:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javan_kingfisherVERNACULAR NAME: MANUK CEKAKAK (HALCYON CYANOVENTRIS-JAVANKINGFISHER)VOICE: CEKAKAK-CEKAKAK-CEKAKAK-CEKAKAK
• (A) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON DISTINCTIVE VOICE/VOCALIZATION
SOURCE:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javan_kingfisherVERNACULAR NAME: MANUK CEKAKAK (HALCYON CYANOVENTRIS-JAVANKINGFISHER)VOICE: CEKAKAK-CEKAKAK-CEKAKAK-CEKAKAK
FOLK CLASSIFICATION -- BIRD
• (A) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON DISTINTIVE VOICE /VOCALIZATION
SOURCE:https://www.flickr.com/photos/jcoelho2000/266039311VERNCULAR NAME: MANUK KOREAK (TYTO ALBA- BARN OWL)VOICE: KOREAK-KOREAK-KOREAK-KOREAK-KOREAK-KOREAK
• (A) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON DISTINTIVE VOICE /VOCALIZATION
SOURCE:https://www.flickr.com/photos/jcoelho2000/266039311VERNCULAR NAME: MANUK KOREAK (TYTO ALBA- BARN OWL)VOICE: KOREAK-KOREAK-KOREAK-KOREAK-KOREAK-KOREAK
FOLK CLASSIFICATION --- BIRD
• (B) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC
SOURCE:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dicrurus_macrocercus.JPGVERNACULAR NAME: MANUK SAERAN GUNTING (DICRURUS MACROCERCEUS-BLACK DORONG)CHARACTERISTIC: THE TAIL IS DEEPLY FORKED AND SIMILAR TO SCISSOR SHAPE(GUNTING)
• (B) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC
SOURCE:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dicrurus_macrocercus.JPGVERNACULAR NAME: MANUK SAERAN GUNTING (DICRURUS MACROCERCEUS-BLACK DORONG)CHARACTERISTIC: THE TAIL IS DEEPLY FORKED AND SIMILAR TO SCISSOR SHAPE(GUNTING)
FOLK CLASSIFICATION-- BIRD
(B) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON MORPHOLOGICALCHARACTERISTIC
SOURCE:http://www.petcockatiel.com/Dboard/viewtopic.php?t=861&start=6VERNACULAR NAME: MANUK KACAMATA (ZOSTEROPS PALPEBROSA-ORIENTALWHITE EYE RING IS SIMILAR TO GLASSES SHAPE (KACA MATA)
FOLK CLASSIFICATION --- BIRD
• (C) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SPECIAL COLOUR OF FEATHER
SOURCE: http://www.macaubiodiversity.org/haliaeetus-leucogaster/VERNACULAR NAME: MANUK HEULANG BODAS (HALIEETUS LEUCOGASTER-WHITE BELLIED FISH EAGLE)CHARACTERISTIC: GENERAL COLOUR OF FEATHER IS WHITE, PARTICULARLYTHE HEAD, NECK, AND UNDERPART OF ADULT BIRD ARE WHITE (BODAS)
• (C) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SPECIAL COLOUR OF FEATHER
SOURCE: http://www.macaubiodiversity.org/haliaeetus-leucogaster/VERNACULAR NAME: MANUK HEULANG BODAS (HALIEETUS LEUCOGASTER-WHITE BELLIED FISH EAGLE)CHARACTERISTIC: GENERAL COLOUR OF FEATHER IS WHITE, PARTICULARLYTHE HEAD, NECK, AND UNDERPART OF ADULT BIRD ARE WHITE (BODAS)
FOLK CLASSIFICATION -- BIRD• (C) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SPECIAL COLOUR OF FEATHER
VERNACULAR NAME: MANUK HEULANG HIDEUNG(ICTINAETUS MALAYENSIS- BLACK EAGLE)CHARACTERISTIC: IT HAS APPEARING TO BE GENERALLY ALLBLACK (HIDEUNG)
FOLK CLASSIFICATION -- BIRD
(C) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SPECIAL COLOUR
VERNACULAR: MANUK HEULANG COKLAT (SPILORNISCHEELA— CRESTED EAGLE)CHARACTERISTIC:GENERALLY IT HAS APPEARING TO BEBROWN (COKLAT)
FOLK CLASSIFICATION --- BIRD• (D) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON DISTINCTIVE BEHAVIOUR
VERNACULAR NAME: MANUK KERAK KEBO (ACRIDOTHERES JAVANICUS-JAVAN MYNA)CHARACTERISTIC: THIS BIRD IS FREQUENTLY SEEN IN THE RICE FIELD VERYCLOSE INTERACTION WITH BUFFALO (KEBO) TO FIND INSECTS
• (D) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON DISTINCTIVE BEHAVIOUR
VERNACULAR NAME: MANUK KERAK KEBO (ACRIDOTHERES JAVANICUS-JAVAN MYNA)CHARACTERISTIC: THIS BIRD IS FREQUENTLY SEEN IN THE RICE FIELD VERYCLOSE INTERACTION WITH BUFFALO (KEBO) TO FIND INSECTS
FOLK CLASSIFICATION-- BIRD
• (D) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON DISTINTIVE BEHAVIOUR
SOURCE:http://ibc.lynxeds.com/photo/blue-nuthatch-sitta-azureaVERNACULAR NAME: MANUK SALESER (SITTA AZUREA-BLUENUTHATCH)CHARACTERTIC: IT CAN BE SEEN RUNNING UP THE TRUNC OF A TREE ORIT SEEM TO BE CREEPING (NYALESER)
FOLK CLASSIFICATION-- BIRD
• (D) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON DISTINCTIVE BEHAVIOUR
VERNACULAR NAME: MANUK SAERAN RAME (DICRURUS PARADIEUS-CHARACTERISTIC: THIS BIRD HAS CHARACTERISTIC BEHAVIOUR THAT ISCONSIDRED AS NOISE VOICE BIRD (RAME)
• (D) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON DISTINCTIVE BEHAVIOUR
VERNACULAR NAME: MANUK SAERAN RAME (DICRURUS PARADIEUS-CHARACTERISTIC: THIS BIRD HAS CHARACTERISTIC BEHAVIOUR THAT ISCONSIDRED AS NOISE VOICE BIRD (RAME)
FOLK CLASSIFICATION: BIRD
(E) NEST CHARACTERISTIC
SOURCE: http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-139952431/stock-photo-a-female-streaked-weaver-make-her-nest-ploceus-manyar.htmlVERNACULAR NAME: MANYAR (PLOCEUS MANYAR)CHARACTERISTIC: THE NEST HUNG FROM THE TIP OFBRANCH OR PALM-FROND, IS FLASK SHAPED
FOLK CLASSIFICATION-- BIRD
• (E) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON NEST CHARACTERISTIC
NEST OF TEKUKUR (STREPTOPELIA CHINENSIS-SPOTTED DOVE) –NEST IS PERCEIVED AS SIMPLENEST AND RELATIVE SMALL
FOLK CLASSIFICATION-BURUNG
• (F) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON ROLE IN THE ECOSYSTEM --- NOTORIUS BIRD
PIPIT (LONCHURA LEUCOGASTER), BONDOL (LONCHURA MAJA), AND PEKING(LONCHURA PUNCTULATA) HAVE PERCEIVED AS NOTORIUS BIRDS-PADDY GRAINEATER
(F) CLASSICATION BASED ON THE ROLE IN THE ECOSYSTEM–‘BENEFICIAL BIRD’-MANUK HEULANG COKLAT (SPILORNIS CHEELA-CRESTEDSERPENT EAGLE) PERCEIVED AS ‘THE BENEFCIAL BIRD’ DUE TOLOVE EATING RATS
SOURCE: http://archive.kaskus.co.id/thread/2209504/220
(F) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON ROLE IN THE ECOSYSTEMMANUK KOREAK (TYTO ALBA-BARN OWL) PERCEIVED AS THEBENEFICIAL BIRD– DUE TO LOVE EATING RATS
SOURCE: http://omkicau.com/2013/10/20/8-tips-sukses-memelihara-burung-hantu/
(F) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON ROLE IN THE EACOSYSTEM‘BENEFICIAL BIRD’ --- EDIBLE NEST OF SWIFTLET
SOURCE: http://mforum.cari.com.my/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=423814
-EDIBLE NESTS OF SWIFTLET PLACED IN THE CEILING OFHOUSE
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE OF BIRD HUNTING:TO HUNT BIRDS WITH USING GLUE OF SAP AND AND EQUIPEDBY PET BIRD OR RECORDED BIRD VOICE TO INVITE WILD BIRDS
(NGALEUGEUT)
SOURCE: https://ciburuan.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/manuk-dina-palangkring.jpg
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ON BIRD HUNTING:A BIRD WAS CATCHED BY USING GLUE OF SAP (NGALEUGEUT)
SOURCE: http://www.burungmaster.com/2014/10/murai-hutan-gampang-mati.html
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ON BIRD HUNTING:SAP OF NANGKA (ARTOCARPHUS HETEROPHYLA) AND
TEUREUP (ARTOCARPUS ELASTICUS) – MAIN MATERIAL FORCATCHING BIRDS BY APPLYING GLUE OF SAP
SOURCE: http://burung15.rssing.com/chan-8284105/all_p42.html
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ON BIRD HUNTINGTO HUNT BIRDS WITH A BAMBOO BLOWPIPE/ TAMIANG
(Schizostachyum iraten Steud) AND DRATS (SUSUMPIT)
SOURCE: http://www.initasik.com/peristiwa/read/663/dikira-tawuran-ternyata-memburu-balater.html
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ON BIRD HUNTING:TO CAPTURE BIRDS WITH NYLON NET (NGAJARING)
SOURCE: http://borneosay90.mywapblog.com/cara-memasang-jaring-burung-yang-benar-d.xhtml
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ON BIRD HUNTING:TO HUNT BIRDS WITH A GUN (BEBEDIL)
Source: http://berburu-tupai.blogspot.co.id/2011/05/berburu-bajing-yg-selalu-meresahkan.html
INCREASING BIRD HUNTING DUE TO INCREASING BIRD DEMANDIN THE CITIES (ISKANDAR 2013)
• BIRDS THAT HIGH PRICE IN THE BIRD MARKET- CUCAK RAWA (PYCNONTUS ZEYLANICUS)- MURAI BATU (COPSYCHUS MALABARICUS)- ANIS MERAH (ZOOTHERA CITRINA)
- BASED ON 30 RESPONDENTS RECORDED120 BIRD POPULATIONS , WITH 2,400 INDIVIDUALSTRADED IN THE BIRD MARKET OF BANDUNG
- BASED ON 30 RESPONDENTS –ECONOMIC ASSETRp 17,053,000-Rp 22,9184,200.
- TOTAL OF BIRD TRADERS IN 2012 –IN BANDUNG BIRD MARKET 152 PERSONS
• BIRDS THAT HIGH PRICE IN THE BIRD MARKET- CUCAK RAWA (PYCNONTUS ZEYLANICUS)- MURAI BATU (COPSYCHUS MALABARICUS)- ANIS MERAH (ZOOTHERA CITRINA)
- BASED ON 30 RESPONDENTS RECORDED120 BIRD POPULATIONS , WITH 2,400 INDIVIDUALSTRADED IN THE BIRD MARKET OF BANDUNG
- BASED ON 30 RESPONDENTS –ECONOMIC ASSETRp 17,053,000-Rp 22,9184,200.
- TOTAL OF BIRD TRADERS IN 2012 –IN BANDUNG BIRD MARKET 152 PERSONS
SOME REASONS OF HOBBY IN BIRD KEEPING BASED ON 30RESPONDENTS (ISKANDAR 2015)
NO REASONS NUMBER % OF TOTAL1 HOBBY & INNER SATISFACTION 18 60,00
2 HOBBY AND PROFITABLE FORSALE AGAIN 5 16,67
3 HOBBY AND ELIMINATE STRESS 4 13,33
4 HOBBY AND TIME AVAILABLE 2 6,67Burung
5 HOBBY AND TO MAKE NEW FRIENDS 1 3,33
NO REASONS NUMBER % OF TOTAL1 HOBBY & INNER SATISFACTION 18 60,00
2 HOBBY AND PROFITABLE FORSALE AGAIN 5 16,67
3 HOBBY AND ELIMINATE STRESS 4 13,33
4 HOBBY AND TIME AVAILABLE 2 6,67Burung
5 HOBBY AND TO MAKE NEW FRIENDS 1 3,33
BIRD POPULATION S HAVE MDRAMATICALLY DECREASED DUE TOMANY FACTORS, ILLEGAL HUNTING, HABITAT LOST, PESTICIDES
GELATIK –RAREBIRD
ANIS MERAH-RARE BIRDANIS MERAH-RARE BIRD
CONCLUSION
• IN GENERAL KARANGWANGI PEOPLE REGOGNISED MANY BIRD SPECIES
• BIRDS CULTURALLY CLASSIFIED BASED ON DISTINCTIVE VOICE/VOCALIZATION, MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, SPECIAL COLOUR,DISTINTIVE BEHAVIOUR, TIME ACTIVITY, NESTING TYPE, HABITAT TYPE,MIGRANT, AND ROLE OF BIRD
• HUNTING BIRDS IN THE PAST – BASED ON THE LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ANDCOSMOS, HOWEVER, NOWADAYS, IT HAS CHANGED A MORECOMMERCIAL --- CONSEQUENTLY SOME BIRDS --- BECAME RARE
• ETHNOORNITHOLOGY RESEACH MIGHT BE USEFUL TO BE USED FOR BIRDCONSERVATION BASED ON SOCIO-ECONOMI, CULTURE, POLITIC, ANDINTEGRATED WITH THE WESTERN MODEL OF BIRD CONSERVATION.
• IN GENERAL KARANGWANGI PEOPLE REGOGNISED MANY BIRD SPECIES
• BIRDS CULTURALLY CLASSIFIED BASED ON DISTINCTIVE VOICE/VOCALIZATION, MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, SPECIAL COLOUR,DISTINTIVE BEHAVIOUR, TIME ACTIVITY, NESTING TYPE, HABITAT TYPE,MIGRANT, AND ROLE OF BIRD
• HUNTING BIRDS IN THE PAST – BASED ON THE LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ANDCOSMOS, HOWEVER, NOWADAYS, IT HAS CHANGED A MORECOMMERCIAL --- CONSEQUENTLY SOME BIRDS --- BECAME RARE
• ETHNOORNITHOLOGY RESEACH MIGHT BE USEFUL TO BE USED FOR BIRDCONSERVATION BASED ON SOCIO-ECONOMI, CULTURE, POLITIC, ANDINTEGRATED WITH THE WESTERN MODEL OF BIRD CONSERVATION.
