The local fish community, indifferent to the wind farm? 2012 Imar… · The local fish community,...
Transcript of The local fish community, indifferent to the wind farm? 2012 Imar… · The local fish community,...
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The local fish community, indifferent to the wind farm?
Offshore wind and ecology congress 12-10-2012 Westergasfabriek Amsterdam.
Ralf van Hal & Ben Griffioen
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Indifferent?
Yes, most fish seem indifferent to the wind farm!
But always exceptions to the rule.
●
Some in this talk
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More in the talk by Erwin Winter
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Location Windfarm and cable crossings
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Main project data:
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1 meteo mast, 116 m high
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36 Vestas V90 windturbines
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3 MW per turbine
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Hub height 70 m, diameter 90 m
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Project design life 20 years
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Water depth +/-
20 meters
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Grid connection in Velsen
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Renewable electricity for at least 100.000 households
•Scour protection
•Transition piece
•Working platform
•Turbine tower
•nacelle
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2005
FISH COMMUNITY
Wind farm
Birds,Mammals,benthos
Large scaleOutside & inside wind farm
Local scaleOnly inside wind farm
RESEARCH ON:
Fish abundance?Fish composition?
Fish length?(Fish behaviour?)
new habitat, disturbance & no fisheries
2010
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Large scaleOutside & inside wind farm
Local scaleOnly inside wind farm
OWEZ OWEZ
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Pelagice.g. herring, sprat,
mackerel
Demersal 54 speciese.g. cod, whiting,
flatfish
Large scaleOutside & inside wind farm
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Large scaleOutside & inside wind farm
Pelagic fishingPelagic trawl +
acoustic
Demersal fishing
Beam trawl
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Baseline: T0 2003/2004
One year after: T1 2007/2008
Five years after: T5 2011
Construction OWEZ
SUMMER WINTER
Large scaleOutside & inside wind farm
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Expectations when positive effect of the wind farm
in the wind farm outside the wind farm
Large scaleOutside & inside wind farm
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Total abundance in demersal catches
OWEZ Reference areasOWEZ Reference areas
Num
ber
s per
hec
tare
T0T1T5
Large scaleOutside & inside wind farm
T0T1T5
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Plaice in summer
0 1 5
010
030
050
070
0
OWEZ
0 1 5
010
030
050
070
0
REFN
T0 T1 T5 T0 T1 T5Num
ber
s per
hec
tare
0 1 5
010
030
050
070
0
REFS
0 1 5
010
030
050
070
0
REFZ
T0 T1 T5 T0 T1 T5
Large scaleOutside & inside wind farm
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Acoustic densities of pelagic fish
2003 2007 2011
OWEZREFNREFZ
01
23
45
67
log‐tra
nsform
ed acoustic
den
sity
Large scaleOutside & inside wind farm
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Large spatial, seasonal and temporal variation.
Baseline Power-analysis a potential to detect:
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increase of 40%
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Decrease of 30%
No such effects found
Large scaleOutside & inside wind farm
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FISH COMMUNITY
Wind farm
Birds,Mammals,benthos
Large scaleOutside & inside wind farm
Local scaleOnly inside wind farm
RESEARCH ON:
Fish abundance?Fish composition?
Fish size composition?(Fish behaviour?)
new habitat, disturbance & no fisheries
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Local scale Only inside wind farm
seabed / sand
m
o
n
o
p
il
e
scour protection
scour protectionhabitat
open water
/ sand
habitat
15m
Acoustic camera
Multi-mesh gillnet
Only in the T5: 2011
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Local scale Only inside wind farm
School of fish Many fish
Stills from the films made with the acoustic camera
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Local scaleOnly inside wind farm
Species identification
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Local scaleOnly inside wind farm
No species identification
m
o
n
o
p
il
e
Spring
Summer
Autumn
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Local scaleOnly inside wind farm
English name Spring Summer Autumn
Edible crab 1 1 1
Cod 1 1 1
Bullrout 15.5 17.5 64.5
Bib 4.5 3
Dab 1000 1001 1000
Whiting 886.5 1000 966
Sole 996 887.5 1000.5
Solenette 998.5 973.5
Plaice 762.5 937.5 891.5
Sprat 837.5
Horse mackerel 746.5
Mackerel 785 788
Species identification; Gillnet near the monopiles vs. gillnet on sandy bottom
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Higher abundance near the monopiles in summer.
The new hard-substrate: ●Higher abundance of:
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Cod; edible crab; bib; bullrout, sea scorpion and common dragonet.
●Lower abundance of:
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Whiting; sole; dab; solenette (plaice)
Two ”new” species:●goldsinny wrasse and grey triggerfish
Local scaleOnly inside wind farm
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FISH COMMUNITY
Wind farm
Birds,Mammals,benthos
Large scaleOutside & inside wind farm
Local scaleOnly inside wind farm
RESEARCH ON:
Fish abundance?Fish composition?
Fish size composition?(Fish behaviour?)
new habitat, disturbance & no fisheries
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Conclusions
No detectable effect on the fish community Most fish seem indifferentRole as refugium and/or as MPA limited
Large scaleOutside & inside wind farm
new habitat, disturbance & no fisheries
Hard substrate attracted some species.Potential positive effect for these speciesDepends on life-history, behaviour and residence
time.
Local scaleOnly inside wind farm
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Acknowledgements
The Offshore wind Farm Egmond aan
Zee has a subsidy of the Ministry of Economic Affairs under the CO2 Reduction Scheme of the Netherlands.
Discussion after talk by Erwin Winter