Animal Adaptations What are the four modes of gaining or losing heat to and from the environment? 1. 2. 3. 4. Ectotherm: Poikilotherm: Endotherm: Homeotherm: Small Animal House Chuckwalla Rattlesnakes: Western Diamondback: Speckled: Mojave:

The Living Desert was established in March 1970. It has now Grown to almost 1200 acres and includes over 400 species of plants and animals. It is the only American zoo and garden dedicated to interpreting and conserving deserts of the world. Definition of a Desert: What are causes of evaporation? What are three different ways deserts can form? What causes our local deserts? Deserts of North America: 1 2 3 4

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The Living Desert Museum, Palm Desert, San Bernadino County, California, USA.

Small Animal House (Continued) Western (Southern Pacific): Sidewinder: Red Diamond Constrictors: Common King Snake: Gopher Snake: Other Animals: Granite Spiny Lizard:

Small Animal House (Continued) Desert Iguana: Highest recorded body temp 42C Gila Monster: Venomous – lower jaw - defense Desert Screech Owl: Scorpions: Tarantula:

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Plant Adaptations on Pathway: Fremont Cottonwood:

Flattened Petiole Palo Verde: Photosyn Stems

Lenticles

Deep Roots Sweet Acacia: Desert Mistletoe: Hemiparasite Barrel Cactus: Fruit on top Filled with Water Beavertail Cactus: Glochids Mojave Prickly Pear:

Plant Adaptations on Pathway (cont.): Saguaro: Slow Growing 150 years Bat pollinated Woodpeckers Desert Willow: Not true Willow Indicator of fresh water Smoke Tree: Found in washes Small hairy leaves for short periods Honeypod Mesquite: Desert Animals: Barn Owl: White Face, Screams Great-horned Owl Hoot, Hoot 3lbs, 240 degrees Gambel’s Quail: Monogamous/ Precocial

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Mojave Desert Plants: Blackbrush: Creosote

Oldest 11,200 NA used as sunblock Causes liver damage/used in cancer treatment Encelia: Joshua Tree: Monocut NA used to make rope, sandles Gonorrhea, pet deodorizers

Desert Animals: Cactus Wren: Multiple Nests (temp reg) Camels: ` Hump Fat Reserve 20-25% dehydration Body temp 34-41 Dry feces – start fire Urine is like syrup Humans: 3-4% dehydration Body Temp 37 Deserts of the World % of earth’s surface: 1/3 = 33% Largest (size):

Sahara (North Africa) Smallest (size): Red Desert (South Africa) Carcross (Canada) Convergent Evolution Cactus:

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Mojave Desert Animals Desert Tortoises Body temp 85: 90% mortality Mourning Doves: Greater Roadrunner: Red-tailed Hawk: Sonoran Desert Plants Ocotillo: Long sharp spines Leaves short period Jumping Chollo: Spines easily detach, protection & Dispersal Jojoba: Saltbush: California Fan Palm:

Sonoran Desert Animals Green and Black-crowned Night Heron: Great Egret: Turkey Vulture: Great Horned Owls: Desert Pupfish: Coyote: Highly adaptable 80% vegetation, change in reprod rate, competition with wolves, coyote removal programs, 35-40 lbs

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Vizcaino Desert of Baja: Elephant Trees: Boojun Tree: Eagle Canyon Golden Eagle: Naked Mole Rats:

Eagle Canyon (cont.) Mountain Lion: 175 lbs (largest small cat) eat deer range 100 sq/miles run 35 mph Thick-billed Parrot: Bobcat: 35 lbs eat rabbits Badger: Related to weasels Strong diggers Sharp teeth strong claws 15-20lbs Ringtail: Ankle rotation 180 degrees Raccoon family Miner’s cat Common but rarely seen Javelina: Not a true Chattering sound to warn pred

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Eagle Canyon (cont.) Prairie Falcon: Pronghorn Antelope Fastest land mammal in N.A. 55 mph Big Horn Sheep: Males/females w horns African Animals: Arabian Oryx: Meerkat: Zebra: Cheetah: Fastest land animal 70mph Non-retractable claws, flexible spine, jumping Fennec

Eagle Canyon (cont.) Javelina: Mexican Wolf:

Rarest subspecies of red wolf Dom hierarchies 50-80lbs Coati: Raccoon Family Harris Hawk: Polyandrous Burrowing Owl: Diurnal Mimic American Kestrel: Bird predator Peregrine Falcon: Widespread – 220 mph

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African Animals: Warthog: Med sized wild pig Poor eye site Good sense of smell Tsetse Fly host African Wild Dogs Males rel Males Females rel females 4 toes on front feet coursers dom male/fem life left to pee Hyena Able to crush bone Camel Hump Fat Reserve 20-25% dehydration Body temp 34-41 Dry feces – start fire Urine is like syrup

African Animals Swift Fox Caracal Eats birds Giraffe 7 cervical 18 feetm 3000lbs shortest sleep cycles 1.9hr/day some pop 94% homosexual artiodactyla (like deer – not like horses Ostrich 2 toes 55 mph 7-8feet 320 lbs 50 mph / 15 foot stride kick 500 lbs (horse is 1500 lbs)

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