The literary works of Leonardo da Vinci 2

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Full text of "The literary works of Leonardo da Vinci;" H int I |V hil H H

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SCRITTI LETTERARI

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LEONARDO DA VINCI

Mgft (ftufografi e pu66etca*i

J. P. RICHTER

IN DUE PARTI. PARTE II.

LONDRA:

8AMPSON LOW, MARSTON, SEARLE & RIVINGTON

188, FLEET STREKT1883

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THE LITERARY WORKS


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OF

LEONARDO DA VINCI

compifeb anb &tfeb front f(k Original

BY

JEAN PAUL RICHTER, PH. DR.,

KNIGHT OF THE BAVARIAN ORDER OF ST. MICHAEL, &C.

IN TWO VOLUMES.-VOL. II.

LONDON:SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, SEARLE & RIVINGTON

1 88, FLEET STREET1883

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

DEDICATED

BY PERMISSION

TO

HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY

THE QUEEN


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the arU"mof "trials < 797 -8o,).-Pl.n. for the repn^trton o f , u-

!,> ,ir,wings (8o 3 -8o 9 ).-0n corpulency and leanness (809-8 ).-Th" divisions of the head (812. 8 13). -Physiological problems (814 -.815 ).-ir/.-Miv AN,, COMPAUmi. AMATOMY:-The divisions of the anima kingdom(816. 8 17). -Miscellaneous notes on the study of Zoology (818-821). Com-parative study of the structure of bones and of the action of muscles (822-8t6) -III PHYSIOLOGY: Comparative study of the organs of sense m men andanimals (827). Advantages in the structure of the eye in certain animals (828to 8 3 i).-Remarks on the organs of speech (832. 8 33 ).-On the conditions ofsight (834. 835). The seat of the common sense (836). On the origin of thesoul (837) -On the relations of the soul to the organs of sense (838). Oninvoluntary muscular action (839). Miscellaneous physiological observations(840 841). The laws of nutrition and the support of life (843 848). Onthe circulation of the blood (848 850). Some notes on medicine (851855).

XV.ASTRONOMY 13 5~ 1 7 2

I. THE EARTH AS A PLANET: The earth's place in the universe (857. 858).The fundamental laws of the solar system (859 864). How to prove that theearth is a planet (865867). The principles of astronomical perspective (868to 873). On the luminosity of the earth in the universal space (874 878).II. THE SUN: The question of the true and of the apparent size of the sun

(879884). Of the nature of sunlight (885). Considerations as to the sizeof the sun (886 891). III. THE MOON: On the luminosity of the moon (892to 901). Explanation of the lumen cinereum of the moon (902). On the spotsin the moon (903 907). On the moon's halo (908). On instruments forobserving the moon (909. 910). IV. THE STARS: On the light of the stars(911 913). Observations on the stars (914). On the history of astronomy(915). Of time and its divisions (916 918).

XVI.PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 173221

INTRODUCTION. Schemes for the arrangement of the materials (919 928).General introduction (929). I. OF THE NATURE OF WATER: The arrangement of

Book I (930). Definitions (931. 932). Of the surface of the water in relation tothe globe (933 936). Of the proportion of the mass of water to that of the earth(937- 93 8 ) -The theory of Plato (939). That the flow of rivers proves theslope of the land (940). Theory of the elevation of water within the moun-tains (941). The relative height of the surface of the sea to that of the land(942 945). II. ON THE OCEAN: Refutation of Pliny's theory as to the salt-sea (946. 947). The characteristics of sea water (948. 949). Onthe formation of gulfs (950. 951). On the encroachments of the sea on theland and vice versa (952 954). The ebb and flow of the tide (955960).-INEAN WATER COURSES: Theory of the circulation of the waters (961.ervations in support of the hypothesis (963 969). IV. OF RIVERS:

m which the sources of rivers are fed (970). The tide inOn the alterations caused in the courses of rivers by their~~?74). Whirlpools (975). On the alterations in the channelsFhe origin of sand in rivers (977. 978). V. ON MOUN-f mountains (979 983). The authorities for the study

CONTENTS OF VOLUME II. IX


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Pages

of the structured the earth (984). VI. GEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS: Programme (985).Doubts about the Deluge (986). That marine shells could not go up themountains (987). The marine shells were not produced away from the sea(988). Further researches (989 991). Other problems (992 994). VII. Onthe atmosphere: Constituents of the atmosphere (995). On the motion ofair (996 999). The globe an organism (1000).

XVII.TOPOGRAPHICAL NOTES 223270

I. ITALY: Canals in connection with the Arno (1001 1008). Canals inthe Milanese (1009 1013). Estimates and preparatory studies for canals (1014.1015). Notes on buildings at Milan (1016 1019). Remarks on natural phe-nomena in and near Milan (1021. 1022). Note on Pavia (1023). Notes onthe Sforzesca near Vigevano (1024 1028). Notes on the North Italian lakes(1029 1033). Notes on places in Central Italy, visited in 1502 (1034 1054).Alessandria in Piedmont (1055. 1056). The Alps (1057 1062). TheAppenines (1063 1068). II. FRANCE (1069 1079). On the Germans (1080.1081). The Danube (1082). III. THE COUNTRIES OF THE WESTERN END OF THEMEDITERRANEAN: The straits of Gibraltar (1083 1085). Tunis (1086). Libya

(1087). Majorca (1088). The Tyrrhene Sea (1089). IV. THE LEVANT. TheLevantine Sea (1090). The Red Sea (1091. 1092). The Nile (1093 1098).Customs of Asiatic Nations (1099. noo). Rhodes (noi. 1102). Cyprus(1103. 1104). The Caspian Sea (1105. 1106). The sea of Azov (1107). TheDardanelles (uc8). Constantinople (1109). The Euphrates (i no). CentralAsia (mi). On the natives of hot countries (1112).

XVIII.NAVAL WARFARE. MECHANICAL APPLIANCES. MUSIC 271282

The ship's log of Vitruvius, of Alberti and of Leonardo (1113).Methods of staying and moving in waters (1114). On naval warfare (1115.1116). The use of swimming belts (1117). On the gravity of water (1118).

Diving apparatus and skating (11191121). On fly ing -machines (11221126). On mining (1127). On Greek fire (1128). On music (1129. 1130).

XIX.PHILOSOPHICAL MAXIMS. MORALS. POLEMICS AND SPECULATIONS 283311

. I. PHILOSOPHICAL MAXIMS: Prayers to God (1132. 1133). The powers ofNature (1134 1139). Psychology (11401147). Science, its principles andrules (11481161). II. MORALS: What is life? (1162. 1163). Death (1164).How to spend life (1165 1179). On foolishness and ignorance (11801182). On riches (1183 1187). Rules of Iife(n88 1202). Politics (1203.1204). III. POLEMICS. SPECULATION: Against speculators (1205. 1206).Against alchimists (1207. 1208). Against friars (1209). Against writers of

epitomes (1210). On spirits (1211 1215). Nonentity (1216). Reflectionson Nature (1217 1219).

XX.

HUMOROUS WRITINGS 313 379

I. STUDIES ON THE LIFE AND HABITS OF ANIMALS (1220 1264).II. FABLES : Fables on animals (1265 1270). Fables on lifeless objects(1271 1274). Fables on plants (1275 1279). III. JESTS AND TALES


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(1280 1292). IV. PROPHECIES (1293 1313). -V. DRAUGHTS AND SCHEMESFOR THE HUMOROUS WRITINGS: Schemes for Fables &c. (1314 1323); Schemesfor Prophecies (13241329); Irony (1331. 1332). Tricks (13331335)-

b

CONTENTS OF VOLUME II.

XXI. Pages

LETTERS. PERSONAL RECORDS. DATED NOTES 381 417

Draughts of letters and reports referring to Armenia (1336. 1337).Notes about adventures abroad (1338. 1339). Draughts of letters to Lodovicoil Moro (1340 1345). Draught of letter to a Commission at Piacenza (1346to '347)- Letter to the Cardinal Ippolito d'Este (1348). Draught of letter tothe French Governor of Milan (1349). Draughts of letters to the Superinten-dent of canals and to Melzi (1350). Draughts of letter to Giuliano de' Me-ili

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