Dominant vs. Recessive and Genotype vs. Phenotype Dominant vs. Recessive and Genotype vs. Phenotype.
The link between genotype, phenotype and IMP2 · The link between genotype, phenotype and IMP2.0...
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The link between genotype, phenotype and IMP2.0 Geert Kessel, Bert Evenhuis, Trudy van den Bosch, Marieke Förch and Huub Schepers
Transcript of The link between genotype, phenotype and IMP2 · The link between genotype, phenotype and IMP2.0...
The link between genotype, phenotype and IMP2.0
Geert Kessel, Bert Evenhuis, Trudy van den Bosch, Marieke Förch and Huub Schepers
Outline
EU Monitoring versus the target group Current use of monitoring information
● Short update on the NL population 2014 Future use of monitoring information
An IPM2.0 control strategy for PLB
● Host resistance ● Fungicides ● P. infestans Population Monitoring
Phytophthora infestans monitoring
Data Analysis
+ Phenotyping
Current use of monitoring (information)
Analysis of Control problems: ● (Extreme) weather ● High primary inoculum ● Population Changes
Rapid identification of the culprit when problems occur ● Blue13 ● Green33 ● New, “Green33 related” clone in the NL
Population dynamics under a.i. selection pressure Population Genetics:
towards a better understanding P. infestans of population dynamics
P. infestans clonal lines in the Netherlands
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15
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2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
P. in
fest
ans i
sola
tes (
#)
EU 13 A2
Gs-002
Gs-003
GS-004
EU 06 A1
GS-006
GS-007
GS-008
GS-009
GS-010
Green33
Blue 13
Pink 6Gs-008
Green33 in 2013
Green33 in 2014
The Dutch Population 2014
VK1_4VK1_4
NL02085 (Pink6)
NL14066
NL14293
NL14349
NL14432
NL14005NL14016
NL14068
BASF14179
NL2014_17_1NL14001
CZAV14043
ADAMA14017
NL14040
NL14003
HLB14002
syngenta14177
HSpits4_AGV6935_
NL14004
NL14439
china1
NL14034
NL14022
HLB14001
NL14053
NL14076
NL14052
NL14014
ADAMA14019
NL14032
NL14021
NL14044
HSpits2_AGV6935_
NL14188
NL14010
NL14433
HLB14006
NL14073
NL14295
NL14350
NL14294
NL14026
protytodsd14002
NL14081
BASF14174
BASF14141
syngenta14165
china2
ADAMA14015
syngenta14166
NL14084
NL14077
NL14019
BASF14145agrifirm14010NL14020NL14013NL14064NL14060NL14055NL14048Belchim14139Belchim14075china4Belchim14174syngenta14161NL14088NL14080NL14071NL14213NL14036NL14030NL14028NL07041 (Blue13)protytodsd14003
NL14431BASF14173
NL14051CZAV14046
BASF14160BASF14143
Belchim14172ADAMA14012CZAV14048
agrifirm14006
syngenta14176HLB14003
BASF14142agrifirm14044
NL14007CZAV14041
syngenta14164syngenta14163
BASF14144agrifirm14042NL14043agrifirm14037
NL14037china3
NL14038agrifirm14009
NL14002Belchim14143NL14045NL14027NL14049agrifirm14112
NL14070NL14069NL14065NL14056
NL14009CZAV14042
NL14047CZAV14044
Belchim14140ADAMA14018
NL14301Belchim14074
NL14440china5
Belchim14175CZAV14057
HSpits3_AGV6935_HSpits1_AGV6935_
NL14300NL14299NL14303
NL14302
NL14087NL14083
NL14075NL14011
NL10328 (Green33)NL14058
NL14025agrifirm14120
NL14292NL14291NL14033NL14031
HLB14005HLB14004
8002980029
ADAMA14013NL14046
8813388133
T30_4T30_4
NL14017NL14012
NL14079NL14078
NL14082NL14072
ipo_complexIpo_complex
9012890128
NL14008NL14018
protytodsd14005NL14015
NL14297Belchim14142
NL14298NL14296
NL14006NL14050
NL14042NL14074
protytodsd14001NL14029
NL09026 (GS-008)protytodsd14004
428_2428_2
9801498014
Blue13: 44% EU1-A1: 1% “Others”: 55% 2 new clones, implications currently
unknown
Future use of Monitoring information
Early warning
Geographical (mis)matching a.i.’s and R-genes with the local population for efficient PLB control
...
Essential to know the Phenotype behind the genotype
● Genotyping is “High Throughput” and Quick
● Phenotyping is Low Throughput and Slow
● Clonal lines make it easier
● The “others” group complicates matters
Genotype Phenotype
Fluazinam Metalaxyl Fluopicolide ... R0 Blb1 Blb2 Blb3 R2 ..Blue13 S R ? S S R S SPink6 S S ? S S R S RGreen33 MR S ? S S R S REU1-A1 S S ? S R R S S... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Active Ingredients Resistance Genes
Lelystad & Valthermond 2010 & 2011
Valthermond 2010
Lesion counts monitoring plots
Lelystad
Valthermond
2010 2011
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Week 26 Week 27 Week 28 Week 29 Week 30 Week 31 Week 32 Week 33
# Le
sion
s in
Mon
itorin
g pl
ots
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1400
Week 27 Week 28 Week 29 Week 30 Week 31 Week 32 Week 33
# Le
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s in
Mon
itorin
g Pl
ots
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10000
15000
20000
25000
Week 29 Week 30 Week 31 Week 32 Week 33 Week 34 Week 35 Week 36
# Le
sion
s in
Mon
itorin
g pl
ots
Starga / Bintje
Escort/Santé
Bionica
Chc1
Blb1
Vnt1
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3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Week 29Week 30Week 31Week 32Week 33Week 34Week 35Week 36
# Le
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s in
Mon
itorin
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ots
Results
Valthermond 2011
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Without With Without With Without With Without With Without With
Practice Starga Starga Santé Santé Bionica Bionica Chc1 Chc1 Blb1 Blb1
Valthermond 2011
Fung
icid
e in
put
(ful
l dos
e ra
te e
quiv
alen
ts)
/ In
fect
ion
(%)
Results
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Without With Without With Without With Without With Without with
Practice Bintje Bintje Escort Escort Bionica Bionica Blb1 Blb1 Vnt1 Vnt1
Full
dose
rate
equ
ival
ents
/ S
ever
ity (%
)
Lelystad 2010
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2
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Without With Without With Without With Without With Without With
Practice Starga Starga Escort Escort Bionica Bionica Blb1 Blb1 Vnt1 Vnt1
Full
dose
rate
equ
ival
ents
/ S
ever
ity (%
)End of Season Severity (%)Full dose rate equivalents
Valthermond 2010
Lelystad
Valthermond
2010 2011
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Without With Without With Without With Without With Without With
Practice Bintje Bintje Santé Santé Bionica Bionica Chc1 Chc1 Blb1 Blb1
Lelystad 2011
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Without With Without With Without With Without With Without With
Practice Starga Starga Santé Santé Bionica Bionica Chc1 Chc1 Blb1 Blb1
Valthermond 2011
AMIGA trials 2013 & 2014
3 potato cultivars: ● Desiree (Conventional) ● A15-031 (Desiree + Vnt1) (GM) ● Sarpo mira (Conventional)
3 Control strategies:
● No spraying (against PLB) ● Weekly Spray application ● IPM 2.0 (DSS + AVR Monitoring info)
AMIGA, Valthermond 2014
Results 2013
Fungicide applications under extreme disease pressure:Variety Strategy # sprays TFI % InfectionDesiree NoControl 0 0 100.00Desiree WeeklySchedule 12 12 5.01Desiree IPM2.0 11 10.333 5.02
SarpoMira NoControl 0 0 1.09SarpoMira WeeklySchedule 12 12 0.00SarpoMira IPM2.0 3 0.75 0.00
A15-31 NoControl 0 0 0.01A15-31 WeeklySchedule 12 12 0.00A15-31 IPM2.0 3 0.75 0.00
Planting date:Emergence: 29-6-2013Haulm Killing: 25-9-2013Length of season: 88 Days
Results 2014
Spray summary Severity (%)Cultivar Treatment # Sprays TFI Final disease severity (%)Desiree Unsprayed 0 0.0 100.00Desiree Weekly sprays 14 17.0 0.71Desiree IPM 2.0 Advice 14 17.0 1.00Sarpo Mira Unsprayed 0 0.0 0.02Sarpo Mira Weekly sprays 13 13.0 0.00Sarpo Mira IPM 2.0 Advice 10 12.0 0.00A15-31 Unsprayed 0 0.0 26.11A15-31 Weekly sprays 13 13.0 0.00A15-31 IPM 2.0 Advice 5 5.0 0.01
Some Conclusions
For practical application of monitoring information, we need to know the link between genotype and phenotype
Monitoring is an essential component of next level PLB control strategies
The full potential of IPM in PLB control is not yet realized, ... not even close!
Ample room for improvement IF host resistance is introduced
Thank you for your attention
7 August 2013
