The Life Extension Movement and Implications for the Health and Beauty Industry

7/31/2019 The Life Extension Movement and Implications for the Health and Beauty Industry

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Life Extension: The Modern Anti-Aging Movement and its Relationship to the Health and

Beauty Industry

Are We Standing at the Threshold of Immortality?

Its a Long Way From a Drop of LanolineMy father used to use a few grams (ounces back then I suppose) of lanoline after shaving, as

it helped with dryness and razor rash. He could have done a lot worse, and I got used to

seeing his shiny morning face. That was a generation ago it wouldnt be fair to characterize

this as unsophisticated, as it was probably no more or no less than was expected for the time.

Like many things, would we have believed less than half a century later that the mundane

topic of skin care would be stage front and center in one of the most fascinating areas of

scientific advance and one of the most controversial: the question of immortality or at

least significant longevity.

Why skincare? I guess a cell is a cell, and if you can crack the code for one human cell, it is

only a matter of time to solving the puzzle with others and lets face it (sorry, bad joke) we

cant see our livers or bowels without some discomfort at least, but what we do see every

day is our own skin and that of everyone else the face in particular is what we often judge

ourselves by, and others judge us by. Often it is the face that shows the most visible signs of

aging, and for many in modern society age is by nature bad and young or looking young is

the ideal. That is why billions and billions of dollars each year are poured by consumers into

all sorts of treatments to minimize wrinkles, to push back the effects of gravity, and to turn

back the hands of time. And with that much money to be spent by consumers, there are


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many manufacturers eager to find the next step in arresting Father Time and at least

detaining him until the next stagecoach arrives, where hopefully he can be sent on to bother

some other community.

The Entire Issue Explained In A Pair of Shoelaces

Some time ago a friend gave me a simple analogy that puts this entire issue in perspective.

The science may not win a Nobel Prize, but it gave me the necessary ah-ha moment.

The double helix of the DNA strand our most basic foundation for life is held together at

each end by things that act in the same way as the hard plastic bits on the end of shoelaces

do preventing the DNA from unraveling, and the individual chromosomes scattering across

the floor like dropping a whole string of pearls down a marble staircase. These things are

called telomeres.

Somewhere programmed into these tiny telomeres is the entire basis to when its time to

release their hold; once that happens the DNA strand unravels and dies for the circle of life

to begin again. Telomeres govern how often our skin cells are replaced; why a cute puppy is

an old dog at the age a human is typically just starting puberty, and why some trees live for

thousands of years.

Telomeres, my friend explained, occasionally go wonky (that must have a very specific

scientific meaning). One of the ways telomeres go wonky is that they forget their

programming to release and unravel, and they just hang on, allowing the cells thus affected

to multiply again and again. In fact, they are very difficult to kill and to all intents and

purposes once the telomeres act in this way, the cell and those it propagates areeffectively immortal.

We have a name for it when the telomeres act wonky like this a name we all know. Cancer.

To cut a long story short, what if we were able in some way to trick the telomeres in the DNA

of cancer cells to treat the cell as normal, and simply allow it to die? And if that can be done,

what about the reverse trick the telomeres to act as life preservers to healthy cells so

they wont die? Ergo immortality.


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Whatever your views are, the reality is that some of the worlds finest research scientists are

working on that exact question and some would say it is only a matter of a decade or two

before this is not conjecture or science fiction, but a reality to face up to. The changes that

would take place in society even if life expectancy were to take a leap forward by say 10 or 20

years are enormous, but we should all be thinking that this is a distinct possibility.

From the dab of lanoline a generation ago to what I know hold in my hand as an anti aging

skincare treatment is more than just a revolution and I have no doubt in a few years I will

be saying this cream will not just slow the aging process and reduce the visible signs of aging,

making your face appear younger but it will actually be younger.

But before that, lets look back at how this whole engagement with life extension and anti-

aging started and its mostly a phenomenon of the past 50 years.

In The Beginning

The thought of extending life has been on the mind of mankind for centuries, if not millennia.

References to the search for ways to prolong life can be found as far back as the Epic of

Gilgamesh.

Gilgamesh was apparently the fifth king of the kingdom of Uruk, the modern-day Iraq, around

2500 BC. According to the Sumerian list of kings, he reigned for 126 years.

Research into this field has been conducted in scientific ways for a long time. It eventually

become more in-depth as human knowledge expanded and scientific research in generalrevealed more and more about the make up and functions of the human body.

Unraveling Secrets

As the secrets of our existence are unraveled in ever more minute detail, we are beginning to

understand what it is that makes us grow from tiny babies into adults. We now know, for

example, that cell functions slow down as the body ages and that production of certain

substances required by the body to regenerate decrease or cease completely.


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Skin, for instance, needs two substances to retain strength and firmness.

The production of these substances namely collagen (strength, tightness) and elastin

(flexibility) decreases with age. The decreases in production together with other factors that

include the threat of free radicals make the skin age and become wrinkly. Free radicals are

essentially incomplete oxygen molecules causing destructive chain reactions within cells.

The same kind of thing happens in every cell, every tissue and organ around the human body.

Nutrients are no longer absorbed easily and vital cell functions, hormones and other

substances are produced at decreased rates resulting in the body aging.

A Brief History of the Life Extension Movement

Science has been looking for ways to slow down this process for centuries. The forming of life

extension movements, however, did not really begin until around 1970.

In this year, Denham Harman, the originator of the so-called 'free radical theory of

aging, decided that an organization dedicated to the research and information sharing

between scientists working in biogerontology (the field of science concerned with the

biological aspects involved in the aging process) was needed. As a result, the

American Aging Association was formed.

In 1976, two futurists, Philip Gordon and Joel Kurtzman wrote a book on the research

into extending the human lifespan. This popular volume was titled 'No More Dying.

The Conquest Of Aging And The Extension Of Human Life'.

Kurtzman was then invited to speak at Florida's House Select Committee (HSC) of

Aging, which was chaired by Claude Pepper, an American politician and spokesman

for the elderly. The aim of this talk was to discuss the impact on Social Security by life

extension.

In 1980, Saul Kent, a prominent activist in the field of life extension, published the

book 'The Life Extension Revolution' and founded the nutraceutical (from 'nutrition'

and 'pharmaceutical', in other words, a nutrition supplement) firm known as 'The Life


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Extension Foundation'.

This foundation is a non-profit making organization promoting dietary supplements and

publishing the periodical 'Life Extension Magazine'. Kent was later involved in work relating

to cryogenics. He was jailed in the course of this work over a dispute at one point, although

charges were dropped at a later stage.

In 1982, American health writer and life extension advocate Sandy Shaw and her co-

writer, Durk Pearson, popularized the term 'life extension' even further with the

bestseller 'Life Extension: A Practical Scientific Approach'.

Roy Walford, a gerontologist and life-extensionist, published 'Maximum Lifespan',

another popular book on the subject. He and Richard Weindruch, his student,

followed this up in 1988 with their summary on the research they had conducted into

the ability to prolong the life of rodents through calorie restriction. The title of this

book is 'The Retardation of Aging and Disease by Dietary Restriction'.

Although this ability to extend life with calorie restriction had been known since the 1930's,

when gerontologist, biochemist and nutritionist Clive McCay did some research into the

subject, it was the work of Walford and Weinbruch that gave solid scientific grounding to the

McCay's findings.

Walford's scientific work was driven by a personal interest in life extension. He practiced

calorie restriction as part of his own life and eventually died at the age of 80. The cause of his

death was amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a progressive motor neuron disease.

A4M, the 'American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine' was founded in 1992 to create

a medical specialty for anti aging that was distinctly separate from geriatrics. This

allowed scientists and physicians interested in this particular field of science to hold

conferences and discuss the latest developments.

The sci.life-extension, a Usenet group, was created by California-born author,

philosopher and translator Brian M. Delaney. This represented an important


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development within the movement of life extension. It made it possible, for example,

for the CR (Calorie Restriction) Society to be created.

A more recent development is the proposal of Dr A. de Grey, a biogerontologist at

Cambridge University. This proposal suggested that damage to cells, macromolecules,

organs and tissues can be repaired with the help of advanced biotechnology.

More than Books

Although it would appear that most of the work revolving around life extension has been

done solely by writing books or founding societies or organizations of some kind or another,

the reality is that these books were written in response to or based on very specific, detailed

scientific research that is now beginning to yield positive results.

They are no longer the works of hopeful minds, but the works of dedicated scientists who

have spent their lives working on discovering facts about aging and trying to find ways to

slow down, or even reverse the process.

Many breakthroughs have been made, and in many ways, we are already able to extend lives

to a certain extent. The average lifespan of a human being is already far greater than it used

to be as a result of medical, pharmaceutical and nutritional advances brought about by

research and development.

The work continues, and scientists around the world are continually conducting research,

comparing results, discussing options and making advances on our behalf.

The Driving Forces behind the Development of the Life Extension Movement

So what is driving this movement into ever greater efforts to find solutions to the extension

of Life? The answer to this question actually includes a whole range of factors.

Expectations are rising

The first one is basically a shift in expectation. The generation born out of the baby-

boom period is coming close to the retirement age and the expectations are different


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from those of the preceding generations. They have greater expectations and desires

to enjoy their life as pensioners to the fullest and for as long as is possible.

This is partly due to the fact that life expectancy in developed countries has increased

dramatically and people now live a longer time in retirement.

The thing is, people do not just wish to live longer in years, they also wish to enjoy a high

quality of life too.

This essentially means that they would want to be able to do the things in their retirement

that they did not have time for during their working life. They have no desire to sit in

armchairs in their slippers and cardigans, waiting for death to slowly arrive.

It is no longer a case of working to retirement and then dying for most individuals. Now it is

necessary to find ways to make it possible for pensioners to enjoy their lives to the full with

plenty of energy and youthful appearance.

Progress made in Pharmacology

Progress in pharmacology has led to a wide selection of drugs that allow people to live longer

and fuller lives being developed over the last two decades or so. The work is still very much in

progress and many more drugs are being developed daily.

One of the classic examples of a drug raising the quality of life for older individuals is

Sildenafil citrate, more commonly known as Viagra. This drug in particular is fueling the

movement, because it has already been proven to make a huge difference to millions of

users.

Used to improve the user's ability to maintain a satisfactory erection to allow completion of

intercourse, this drug has been used as a successful standard medication in many settings,

including cases where the problem was caused by diabetes or depression.

The drug works by inhibiting a specific enzyme, referred to in short as PDE-5, within the

human body. This enzyme tends to delay the degradation of another substance, cGMP,

which, in simple terms, assists in the regulation of blood flow.


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A variation of this drug, known as Revatio, has a slightly different purpose. It is used in

combination with other therapies to treat a rare disease that affects the arterial wall muscle

of the lung and effectively improves symptoms of right-side heart failure as a result.

Whichever way this drug is used, it improves the quality of life of the user to a great extent,

although the use in its Viagra variation does stand out noticeably. In particular it has proven a

boon to many elderly men by contributing to a significant drop in the occurrence of broken

hips and other serious injuries caused by nighttime falls, owing to its unique ability to prevent

the all too common occurrence of rolling out of bed. This was despite a problematic

beginning to the clinical trial among geriatric patients where it initially appeared the drug was

causing polio or a form of partial paralysis giving patients a stiff neck however this proved

to be an issue related to the administration of the medication and once patients were taught

to swallow the capsule and not place it under the tongue to dissolve slowly the stiff neck

problem was overcome.

Advances in Genetics

Some of the latest scientific research and subsequent advances made in biotechnology and

genetics are providing some hope that it may be possible to hold back some of the

fundamental causes of aging.

Chromosomes containing DNA strings are essentially capped with a binding substance known

as the telomeres. Basically, the telomeres are consumed during cell division. They are

replenished to a certain extent by enzymes, but over time, they will get shorter and shorter.

This was first observed by a scientist called Leonard Hayflick. The process of limited cell

division was subsequently named the Hayflick Limit. Advocates of life extension work on the

thought that lengthening the telomeres through drugs or gene therapy may ultimately

extend the Hayflick Limit and thereby fool the cells, and as such the body, into 'thinking' it is

younger than it actually is.

This theory is far from proven and there are many questions and worries relating to the

association of the length of telomeres with cancer. The research is however still in progress


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and advances are being made with increasing speed.

Some of the results of this research are already helping individuals with severe burns to

receive fast growing skin grafts and regain hair. There is a good chance that this may

ultimately become a recipe for regenerating or maintaining youthful looking skin or to be

more precise it will indeed BE youthful skin.

Developments in Precision Manufacture

The advances made in the fields of nanotechnology, miniaturization, computer chips and

robotics also provide hope for potentially life extending solutions.

Remember Lee Majors in the 'Six Million Dollar Man'? At that time it was just science fiction.

Today, it is science. Millions of people now walk through life with artificial ankle, knee and

hip joints and healthy feet. A generation ago, mass production of this kind of technology was

a distant dream.

The same applies to many individuals with artificial limbs. Artificial legs used to be crude

wooden contraptions that were just able to keep a person balanced. Today's artificial limbs

are almost fully functional.

The Blessings of Medical Progress

Who would have thought even 50 years ago that it would become possible to bypass a

coronary artery, or even replace a heart completely? Yet there are hundreds of thousands, if

not millions of individuals enjoying their lives after having this kind of surgery.

Just a generation ago, their heart problems would have meant they were doomed to suffer

an early death. Kidney transplants are another such 'miracle' of medical science. There was a

time when a person losing kidney functions had only two possible choices - life on a dialysis

machine or death. Today advanced treatments for many diseases that were only dreamt of a

generation ago can be obtained from an almost any pharmacy.

Often even the machines used for treatments would ultimately fail to save the patient's life.

The list goes on. There are many people in hospitals right now, being kept alive by machines.


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Many forms of cancer, once a death penalty, are now being diagnosed sooner and has in

many cases become treatable to the point of complete cure.

Millions of people no longer have to wear glasses, because of the availability of laser surgery.

This, too, was science fiction just a few years ago. Today, it is advertised next to shampoo in

magazines and on TV.

In other words, science is moving rapidly towards not only extending life, but making the

quality of these extra years better as well.

Is it Science, Science Fiction or Lunacy?

What should the average person believe? This question is almost as difficult to answer as

finding solutions to extended life. Even among scientists, opinions are divided. Some do

believe that extending the quality of life is as possible as extending life in general.

Others brush off the thought as un-scientific nonsense. This is often simply based on the fear

of anything 'new' disturbing the status quo of established limits. Fortunately, real scientists

do keep on looking, because if every single scientist had decided that some of the

advancements already in medical, pharmaceutical and technological fields could not be

possible, we would all still be dying at 30.

So where does that leave us?

There is no doubt at all that there are many charlatans out there trying to make a quick buck

out of people's desire to retain their youth. Even today, many products being sold in theirmillions are essentially non-effective.

They are given fantastic names and have the most bewildering ingredients to make them look

scientific to consumers and they cost a fortune. Many of them are cons although some like

baking soda for skin whitening are based on true scientific research and may show positive

results.


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The Facts

While many advancements are being made and research points to the possibility of

eventually finding the key to maintaining youth for longer, the scientific community is still

warning the public that many of the products being sold today are unreliable to say the least.

Although food supplements may assist in keeping a body healthier - something that

can often be achieved by simply adopting a healthier life style and diet - there is as yet

no proof that they slow down aging as such.

The same goes for many hormone treatments. Although they may have a short term

effect of some kind, it is not yet scientifically proven that they will actually work in the

long run. The fear that it may not work is based on the fact that taking hormones, a

good example is the hormonal acne treatment, will ultimately actually slow down the

body's own production of these hormones.

In addition, many of them are feared to have potential of side effects in the long run that

could be harmful to the user's health. This includes the fears that such hormone treatments

could increase the risk of cancer, diabetes and other major illnesses.

Other ideas, like the calorie restriction method, are working for rodents. In fact,

studies conducted with rats on 30 to 50 per cent restricted diets have shown to

almost double the life span of rats.

Similar studies conducted on primates have also shown tendency to extend life to a certain

extent and prevent a list of age related illnesses. There are as yet no studies on humans,although some are actually living on calorie restricted diets. Whether this will prolong their

lives, however, is a question of having to wait and see.

The theory is that by reducing calorie intake, the metabolism of the body is slowed down,

thereby slowing the aging process as well. Nutritionists say there is a certain amount of

calories a body of a certain size and weight needs to have to maintain health. Reducing this

amount by up to 50 per cent is hardly a good idea in the long term.


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Time will tell, as they say, but how will anyone be able to tell the difference? If a person lives

to the age of 80, is this because they are on this diet or would they have lived to this age

anyway?

Is there no Hope then?

There is indeed hope and many researchers believe that the answer will ultimately lie within

genetics and biotechnology. It is too early to make definite promises, but the research so far

looks good and, as mentioned earlier, some of the results of this research are already being

used in certain treatments to improve patients' lives.

As new technology is being developed and new discoveries are being made, so the

research into this subject intensifies and produces ever new, startling results. The

thing is, much of it is still very much in the early stages.

At present, overall aging is difficult to slow down, to say the least. There are some products

that will assist in maintaining overall health, and there are some products - in particular those

concerned with skin care - that are showing some good results.

The current trend is largely focused on skin care products, with many good results having

been produced over the past years. There are many now a growing number of good

products, most based on the delivery of specific nutrients to the skin's cells.

How to tell Fact from Fiction

For a start, products based on actual research and using technology or ingredients that will

actually have an effect rarely promise overnight results. This is something that anyonelooking to find improved youthful looks, etc, will have to bear in mind. None of these

products can perform miracles. Even the best of them will take time and regular use in order

to achieve the desired effect.

Another way to determine whether a product is likely to have an effect in the long

term is to do some research into the product, its ingredients, etc. By finding out what

is actually in a product, what it is meant to do and what the reality of the researched

ingredient are we can help to determine the effectiveness of the products.


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The bottom line is, there are some things which are ineffective, even harmful; there are some

that look promising and there are some that actually show some very good results.

There is no point in believing in miracle cures, but there is definitely hope that

solutions to effectively slow down the aging process without causing other damage

will be found in time.

In the meantime, it is wise to research products very carefully and to refuse to be baffled by

weird and wonderful sounding ingredients or fantastic sounding promises of instant youth.

Regeneration will take time - let's face it, it has taken a lifetime to get to this point, turning

back the clock can never be possible over night.

Skin Care and the Life Extension Movement

One may well ask just what all this, and in particular the life extension movement as such,

could possibly have to do with skin care, health and beauty products. The fact is, much of the

research into life extension is resulting in new approaches to skin care as a kind of by-

product.

Genetics and research into cellular biology have opened up new avenues for scientists

involved in the research and development for new skin care products.

A greater understanding of how genetics and cellular processes affect the aging and

condition of skin allows these research and development teams to investigate different

compounds, their compatibility with human cells and genetic make up.

Many compounds found in nature are not just compatible to human skin but in fact the skin

cells actually have natural receptors for these compounds. Because life extension research

has discovered these receptors, skin care developers can now use this knowledge and create

the formulae for their products to provide maximum effect.

Another skin care 'by-product' of life extension research is the use of nanotechnology.

The use of nanotechnology, or, to be more precise, nanoparticles, has had a huge


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impact on the way nutrients and other components of skin care products like

cleansers for oily skin are being delivered to the skin cells.

Nanoparticles are essentially particles that are 1/100,000 of the width of human hair.

Nanotechnology allows molecules to be controlled and this means that active

ingredients can be made small enough to easily penetrate deep into the skin.

Rather than sitting on the surface of the skin and having only limited impact, nanoparticles of

ingredients are able to penetrate far enough to work at cellular level. Using the compounds

mentioned earlier with nanotechnology means skin care products are able to deliver exactly

the right nutrients or other required elements directly to the skin's cells, and molecules.

There they stimulate the natural production of enzymes, hormones, antioxidants and other

substances, such as collagen and elastin, for example, of the cells. Obviously this will have a

greater long term effect than simply adding these elements of healthy skin artificially to the

skins own production.

Basically, nanotechnology has revolutionized skin care. It is now possible to use active

ingredients previously difficult to effectively deliver to the skin, as well as making old,

proven ingredients even more effective. Some ingredients used in cosmetics for

hundreds, if not thousands of years by certain cultures can now be even more

effectively used to improve skin condition and maintain a healthy, youthful look.

Even the moisturizing effect of skin care products can be improved with

nantechnology. For this effect, so-called nanosomes are used. Nanosomes are small,pocket-like particles that melt or disintegrate on skin contact. By doing this, the

moisturising effect is accelerated, assisting the skin faster and more efficiently.

Nanotechnology not only slows or prevents the aging of skin, but is believed to actively assist

in repairing and healing skin cells and tissue.

Another breakthrough in life extension research that has become popular in skin care

products is the research into stem cells. Stem cells are elements of all life, plant,


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animal and human. Stem cells have two properties other cells do not have. These

properties are the ability to develop into any kind of cell type and the ability to divide

almost indefinitely.

It is this combination of properties that makes stem cells so invaluable in skin care, as well as

many other aspects of health, aging, etc.

There is still a lot of debating going on with regards to the actual aging process. The prevalent

theory is that as we age, the amount of stem cells within our bodies' decreases. As a result,

the bodies' ability to regenerate and heal itself also decreases.

The idea is that the use of stem cells, or stem cell derived ingredients, in cosmetics may assist

in reversing this process. Naturally, this has generated a great deal of interest in using human

stem cells for skin care products.

The first thing to understand is that these cells are not directly applied to the skin.

Stem cells are carefully cultivated in laboratories, then they are processed and the

resulting extract is what is used in the products.

There are several possible sources of stem cells for use in skin care products, namely from

various plants and from humans.

Plant stem cells are often derived from roses, apples, rice plants or melons. They are

commonly known as meristems and have properties similar to antioxidants. These

plant stem cells do not, however, stimulate the human stem cell growth. They aremerely a rich source of antioxidants.

Human stem cells can be divided into two different types, or classes. These classes are

multipotent and pluripotent stem cells. So what is the difference? Pluripotent stem

cells are derived from eggs (oocytes) or adult cells that have been genetically

reprogrammed. They are able to turn into just about any cell within the body. Within

this class, there are further differences, which are a little technical to describe in

detail here.


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Multipotent stem cells, on the other hand, can only form specific types of related

cells, such as bone and cartilage, or hair and nail cells, for instance.

This type of stem cell has been used as part of medical treatments for years, in particular for

the treatment of leukemia. Pluripotent stem cells have, however, far greater therapeutic

potential, because of their ability to turn into any cell type.

At present, clinical trials using this type of stem cells derived from fertilized eggs to

treat acute spinal cord damage and macular degeneration are in progress. There, is,

however, a lot of controversy surrounding this which includes ethical and other

reasons too complicated to discuss here.

There is an alternative way to resolve the issues surrounding the use as described

above. This alternative consists of so-called parthenogenic stem cells, which are

derived from unfertilized eggs. Again, processes are quite complicated. The link below

will provide more information on this particular subject.

As far as skin care is concerned, the stem cells used are typically adult multipotent

stem cells and are therefore mostly concerned with epidermal growth, or growth of

the outer skin layer.

Does this stem cell treatment work? There are some good signs that it certainly seems

to have some effect on skin condition. Research into one particular product showed

that there was a definite increase in collagen and elastin production, resulting inimproved elasticity and firmness of skin.

Science will continue to search for answers to the question of life extension. In the

meantime, we remain hopeful and look for those products that not only promise results, but

produce them.

Useful links:Free radical theory - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_radical_theory


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Gerontologist - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontologist

Fact or fiction -http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=60659

Stem cells -http://www.lifelineskincare.com/blog/2011/11/stem-cells-and-stem-cell-extracts-a-new-frontier-in-anti-aging-skin-care-or-marketing-hype/

References:'No More Dying. The Conquest Of Aging And The Extension Of Human Life', J. Kurtzman/P.Gordon,

(ISBN 0-440-36247-4 )

The Life Extension Revolution, S. Kent, (ISBN 0-688-03580-9 )

Life Extension: A Practical Scientific Approach, S. Shaw & D. Pearson, (ISBN 0-446-51229-X

)

The Retardation of Aging and Disease by Dietary Restriction, R. Walford & R. Weindruch,(ISBN 0-398-05496-7 )# END #

Author: David Christensen, August 2012

About the Author:

A veteran of the Asia Pacific business scene, DavidChristensen is an Australian (with New Zealand roots),currently based in Bangkok, Thailand where he is CEO ofpremium skincare and anti aging products manufacturerRoyal Siam Natural Health and Beauty(http://www.royalsiam.asia )

Having lived and worked in 14 countries as wide afield asRussia, India, and Japan, David has a background inadvertising with Saatchi & Saatchi and DDB, extensiveinternational business strategy consulting experience as aPartner with Gravitas Partnership in Hong Kong, and seniorregional line management roles across Asia Pacific withAmerican Express, Carlson Wagonlit, and AXA Asia Pacific.

His LinkedIn profile can be seen at this linkLinkedIn Profileand you can contact him by email [email protected]

The Life Extension Movement and Implications for the Health and Beauty Industry

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