The Legislative Branch Ch 10
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05/30/22 12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution. 1 The Legislative Branch Chapter 10
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Transcript of The Legislative Branch Ch 10
04/12/23
12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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The Legislative Branch
Chapter 10
04/12/23
12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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Topics
I. The National Legislature
II. The House
III. The Senate
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12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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I. The National Legislature
A. It Is Bicameral
B. Why Bicameral?
C. Terms and Sessions
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12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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A. It Is Bicameral
• The Congress is composed of two houses:– The Senate – The House of Representatives
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B. Why Bicameral?
• Historical: The British Parliament.– The House of Commons – The House of Lords
• Practical: The Great Compromise between the New Jersey and Virginia Plans.
• Theoretical: the Framers hoped that the Senate and House would check the power of each other.
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Cont….
• The Framers were also convinced that the Congress would dominate the new national government.
• As Madison wrote:– “In a republican government the legislative
authority necessarily predominates. The remedy for this inconveniency is to divide the legislature into different branches.”
» The Federalist # 51
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12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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C. Terms and Sessions• When congress meets it is called a session.
– Has to meet once a year.– It used to be part time, now it is full time.
• Two regular sessions = a term– Each term is numbered by its congress.– Currently 109th congress
• President can also call for special sessions in times of emergency.– The Senate has been called into special session 46
times, but not since 1933. the House has never been called alone
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12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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II. The House
A. Qualifications
B. The Other Qualifications
C. leadership
D. The Issue of Reapportionment.
E. The Reapportionment Act of 1929
F. Gerrymandering
G. Wesberry v. Sanders, 1964
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12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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2004 Election
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12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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2006 House election
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12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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A. Terms and Qualifications
• 435 members voting members– 5 non voting delegates
• 2 year terms – Said to be closest to the people.– Criticized for constantly campaigning.
• Requirements:– 7 years a citizen.– 25 years of age.– Must be an inhabitant of the state.
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12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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B. Other Qualifications…
• Historically, white, male and rich.
• Now becoming more diverse including people of color and more woman.–But still rich.
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C. Leadership
• Speaker of the House is very powerful.– Presides over sessions– Decides who may speaks.– Order of Business– Interprets rules.– Assigns committees– Places bills into committees
• Also has Majority and Minority leaders
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12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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Speaker Nancy Pelosi
Democrat
House majority Leader
Steny Hoyer
House Minority Leader John Boehner
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D. The Issue of Reapportionment
• House has Proportional Representation• Constitution directs Congress to
reapportion (redistribute) the seats in the House after every census – In 1790: 3.9 million people in the U.S.– In 2000: 285 million people in the U.S.– 2008: 303 Million
• The Big Question: Who and how is it done???
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12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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D. The Reapportionment Act of 1929
• The permanent size of the House of Representatives is 435.
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E. Gerrymandering• The Gerrymander
was created in 1812 by Elbridge Gerry to have a district that favored him.
• How districts are created can create winners and losers.
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12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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Gerrymander.
• Two reasons to Gerrymander:– To concentrate an opponents power in
one or a few districts, leaving the other districts for the dominant party.
– To spread the opposition as thinly as possible across many districts, limiting an opponents ability to control any one district.
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12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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F. Wesberry v. Sanders, 1964• Supreme Court decision upheld the
concept of, “One man one vote”.
• The court held that “ as much as possible one man’s vote in a congressional election is to be worth as much as another’s.
• Congressional districts are to be drawn so that there are an equal number of people in each district.
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12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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III. The Senate
A. Terms and Qualifications
B. Leadership
C. The 17th Amendment
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The Senate in 2004
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2006 Senate
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A. Terms and Qualifications
• 100 senators• 6 year term
– Said to bring stability to government.
• 1/3 up for election each election• Requirements
– Citizen for 9 years.– Must be 30 tears of age.– Resident of State.
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B. Leadership
• Vice President presides over senate– Can only vote in a tie.– Is usually not there.
• President Pro Tempore– Senior senator who resides over senate.
• Majority Leader– Plans daily agenda– Influence over committee assignments.
• Minority Leader– Heads the Opposition
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C. The 17th Amendment
• Passed in 1917 (Progressive era)
• Senators were selected by State Legislatures– State Political Machines– The Millionaires Club
• Amendment stated that senators would be selected by Popular vote
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Senator Robert Byrd: President Pro Tempore
Dick Cheney
President of the Senate
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Leadership
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Sen. Harry Reid. Dem. Nevada
Sen. Mitch McConnell. Rep
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Sen. Robert Byrd
West Virginia. Dem
Sen. Strom Thurmond
South Carolina. Rep
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California
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Terms To Know
• Term• Session• Special Session• Apportion• Reapportion
• Off year election• Single member
district• Gerrymander• Wesberry vs.
Sanders
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What do we know???
• What are the qualifications and terms both houses?
• Why is reapportionment important?
• Why is the 17th Amendment important?
• What is the leadership of both houses?
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12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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04/12/23
12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
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