The Legacy of Mesopotamia Chapter 2 Section 3. An Eye for an Eye, A Tooth for a Tooth……. “If a...
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Transcript of The Legacy of Mesopotamia Chapter 2 Section 3. An Eye for an Eye, A Tooth for a Tooth……. “If a...
The Legacy of Mesopotamia
Chapter 2Section 3
An Eye for an Eye, A Tooth for a Tooth…….
“If a man has destroyed the eye of a man if the class of gentleman, they shall destroy his eye. If he has broken a gentleman’s bone, they shall break his bone. If he destroyed the eye of a commoner or broken a bone of a commoner, he shall pay one mina of silver. If he has destroyed the eye of a gentleman’s slave, or broken a bone of the gentleman’s slave, he shall pay half the slaves price. If a gentleman’s slave strikes the cheek of a gentleman, they shall cut off the slave’s ear.”
A King to the South
• King Hammurabi:– King of the city-state
Babylon.– Southern Mesopotamia.– Reunited the city-states of
Sumer.– Built Dams across the
Euphrates River. – Gave him complete power
of city-sates blow him. – Controlled all of
Mesopotamia.
Hammurabi’s Code• Code:
– Organized list of Laws.
• Discovered in 1901.• 6 foot tall Pillar with
200 laws carved into it.
• 1st organized recorded set of laws to be found.
The Laws of Hammurabi• 282 laws organized into
categories.– Trade.– Labor.– Property.– Family.
• Built upon pervious Sumerian codes.
• Posted all around the City• Everyone was not equal
under the code of laws. • King Hammurabi was also
the Judge of the city.
Were they fair….• Idea based on “eye for an
eye”.• Punishment should be
similar to the crime committed.
• The harshness of the punishment depended on how important the victim and the lawbreaker were.
• Had to be careful of your actions and job duties.
• Examples:– If a surgeon performed a
major operation on a citizen with a bronze lancet and has caused the death of this citizen…his hand shall be cut off.”
– “If a son strike his father, his hands shall be hewn.”
Checking For Understanding
• Question:–What was Hammurabi’s code?
• Answer:– Was a set of Written
Laws created by the Babylonian ruler Hammurabi.
– These laws set down rules for the people in his empire to follow and helped settle conflicts.
Development of Writing
• Ancient Scribes:–Writing 1st developed
in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C.
– 1st kept records were of farm animals.
– Records kept on clay tablets.
– Recorded:
• Sales and trade.• Tax payments.• Gifts for the Gods.• Marriages and Deaths.
• Types of Scribes:– Military Scribes:
• Calculated the amount of food and supplies the army would need.
– Government Scribe:• Figured out number
of diggers needed to build a canal.
• Written orders would then be sent out to local officials to provide the supplies or workers.
A Record in Clay• Tigris and Euphrates– Supplied clay from
the Mountains. • Scribes would shape
the wet clay, into a flat surface.
• Called Tablets. • Would make their
mark on it while it was wet.
• After it would dry and become permanent.
• Shape and size of Tablet depended on its purpose.– Larger tablets:• Used for reference
purposes.• Ex: Dictionary, Atlas.
– Smaller Tablets:• Size of letters,
postcards.• Used for
personal messages.
How Writing was Invented
• Before writing: Used shaped pieces of clay as tokens or symbols.
• Kept track of:– Number of Animals bought
and sold.– Amount of food grown.
• 3100 B.C. developed into writing.
• First words represented Symbols of objects.
• Symbols changed into Cuneiform: – Groups of wedges and
lines used to write several languages of the Fertile Crescent.
Checking for Understanding
• Question:
–When, Where, and How did writing first develop?
• Answer:– Writing was first
developed in Mesopotamia around 3100 B.C.
– 1st people drew symbols that represented objects.
– Symbols developed into groups of wedges and lines that were called cuneiform. Taking more of a word shape.