The largest and most complex organ of the nervous system Oversees many aspects of physiology such as...
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Transcript of The largest and most complex organ of the nervous system Oversees many aspects of physiology such as...
• The largest and most complex organ of the nervous system
• Oversees many aspects of physiology such as – Sensation and
perception– Movement – Thinking
THE BRAIN
• Thin membrane located between the bone and brain/spinal cord
• Protection
MENINGES
• Outermost layer• Tough, white connective tissue, blood vessels
and nerves• Continues into vertebral canal as it surrounds
the spinal cord
DURA MATER
• Middle layer• Thin, weblike membrane that does not have
blood vessels• Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) located between
arachnoid mater and pia mater
ARACHNOID MATER
• Cerebrum• Diencephelon• Cerebellum• Brainstem
PARTS OF THE BRAIN
• Largest part of brain• Divided into 2 hemispheres– A broad flat bundle of axons connects them, called
the corpus callosum– A layer of the dura mater separates the
hemispheres
CEREBRUM
• The ridges are called gyri• The grooves are called sulci– Deep sulci are called fissures
• Outer layer of cerebrum is gray matter called the cerebral cortex
• Inner layer of cerebrum is white matter
CEREBRUM
• Higher intellectual processes for concentrating, planning, complex problem solving, and judging consequences of behavior
• Movements of voluntary skeletal muscles
FRONTAL LOBE
• Sensations of temperature, touch, pressure, and pain
• Understanding speech and using words to express thoughts and feelings
PARIETAL LOBE
• Hearing• Interpret sensory experiences and remember
visual scenes, music, and other complex sensory patterns
TEMPORAL LOBE
• Region of the brain that gives rise to posterior forebrain structures
• Associated with the Limbic System – controls emotion• Thalamus• Hypothalamus• Pituitary gland• Pineal gland• Amygdala• Hippocampus
DIENCEPHALON
• Relay sensory and motor information to cerebral cortex
• Regulates consciousness, sleep and alertness
THALAMUS
• Link between nervous system and endocrine system
• Releases hormones that eventually control body temperature, hunger, parenting behaviors, thirst, sleep, and circadian rhythms
HYPOTHALAMUS
• Endocrine gland stimulated by hypothalamus that secretes hormones that regulate homeostasis
PITUITARY GLAND
• Involves consolidation of short-term memory into long term memory and spatial navigation
HIPPOCAMPUS
• A large mass of tissue inferior to cerebrum, posterior to brainstem
• Communicates with other brain structures by means of cerebellar peduncles.
• Integrates sensory info such as position of body parts, coordinates muscle activities, maintains posture
CEREBELLUM
• Joins spinal cord with higher regions of the brain
• Reflex centers that move eyes and head, maintains posture
MIDBRAIN
• A bulge on the underside of the brainstem• Relays impulses between medulla oblongata
and cerebrum; regulates breathing
PONS
• Enlarged continuation of spinal cord• Cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory control
centers, nonvital reflex control centers
MEDULLA OBLONGATA