The Large Scale Salinity Budget in the North Atlantic and ... · 2012) Net ocean transports -0.06...
Transcript of The Large Scale Salinity Budget in the North Atlantic and ... · 2012) Net ocean transports -0.06...
![Page 1: The Large Scale Salinity Budget in the North Atlantic and ... · 2012) Net ocean transports -0.06 ± 0.06 Runoff 0.041 (± 0.02 ?) (Dai et al, 2009 ... is the challenge! National](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff70a30d3ef1446283e0ec9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
The Large Scale Salinity Budget in the North Atlantic and a First Look at ENSO from Aquarius
Josh Willis (California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory)
Will Hobbs (UCLA/JIFRESSE)
![Page 2: The Large Scale Salinity Budget in the North Atlantic and ... · 2012) Net ocean transports -0.06 ± 0.06 Runoff 0.041 (± 0.02 ?) (Dai et al, 2009 ... is the challenge! National](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff70a30d3ef1446283e0ec9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Atlantic heat transport 2
Outline
• The Argo network and the RAPID array Estimating the ocean state and velocity from satellite and Argo data
• Heat budget calculation
Estimating surface freshwater loss from N. Atlantic heat budget
• Freshwater budget calculation
• Implications for SSS observation
![Page 3: The Large Scale Salinity Budget in the North Atlantic and ... · 2012) Net ocean transports -0.06 ± 0.06 Runoff 0.041 (± 0.02 ?) (Dai et al, 2009 ... is the challenge! National](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff70a30d3ef1446283e0ec9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
North Atlantic Heat/Freshwater budget
Atlantic heat transport 3
![Page 4: The Large Scale Salinity Budget in the North Atlantic and ... · 2012) Net ocean transports -0.06 ± 0.06 Runoff 0.041 (± 0.02 ?) (Dai et al, 2009 ... is the challenge! National](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff70a30d3ef1446283e0ec9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
North Atlantic overturning observations
4
Argo/SSH network
RAPID array
![Page 5: The Large Scale Salinity Budget in the North Atlantic and ... · 2012) Net ocean transports -0.06 ± 0.06 Runoff 0.041 (± 0.02 ?) (Dai et al, 2009 ... is the challenge! National](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff70a30d3ef1446283e0ec9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
RAPID-ARGO freshwater & heat balance
Aquarius 2012 Science Team Meeting 5
Argo section transport
RAPID section transport
Mediterranean Runoff (R)
E - P = R + FWtrans26.5 + FWtrans41 + FWtransMed + dMFW/dt
dM/dt
![Page 6: The Large Scale Salinity Budget in the North Atlantic and ... · 2012) Net ocean transports -0.06 ± 0.06 Runoff 0.041 (± 0.02 ?) (Dai et al, 2009 ... is the challenge! National](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff70a30d3ef1446283e0ec9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
RAPID-ARGO domain heat balance
6
0.50 ± 0.1 PW
1.33 ± 0.14 PW (Johns et al, 2011)
0.83 ± 0.17 PW
dH/dt = 0.01 PW (from Roemmich & Gilson Argo data) è Net surface flux = 0.82 PW
![Page 7: The Large Scale Salinity Budget in the North Atlantic and ... · 2012) Net ocean transports -0.06 ± 0.06 Runoff 0.041 (± 0.02 ?) (Dai et al, 2009 ... is the challenge! National](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff70a30d3ef1446283e0ec9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Estimating Latent Heat (LH) as a fraction of Net surface flux
7
LH = β ⋅ Netflux − (Rn)( )
β =(LH )
(Htflux)
NCEP2 RAPID-Argo domain annual mean latent heat flux
Net flux = Rn + SH + LH From NOC flux (v2) data, for RAPID-Argo domain: Net flux = 0.82 ± 0.17 PW Rn = -1.4 ± 0.12 PW β = 0.90 ± 0.09 èLH = 2.0 ± 0.27 PW
Equivalent to an evap. of:
E = 0.8 ± 0.1 x 109 Sv
![Page 8: The Large Scale Salinity Budget in the North Atlantic and ... · 2012) Net ocean transports -0.06 ± 0.06 Runoff 0.041 (± 0.02 ?) (Dai et al, 2009 ... is the challenge! National](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff70a30d3ef1446283e0ec9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Annual-mean freshwater budget: (assuming dM/dt ~ 0)
8
Argo
RAPID
Med. R
FW flux (109 kgs-1) 26.5oN transport -0.022 ± 0.08
41.5oN transport +0.002 ± 0.001
Straits of Gibraltar throughflow
-0.041 ± 0.01 (Criado-Aldeanueva et al,
2012)
Net ocean transports
-0.06 ± 0.06
Runoff 0.041 (± 0.02 ?) (Dai et al, 2009)
E-P -0.02 ± 0.084
E -0.8 ± 0.1
P (inferred) 0.82 ± 0.13
P = E – R - FWtrans26.5 + FWtrans41 + FWtransMed
![Page 9: The Large Scale Salinity Budget in the North Atlantic and ... · 2012) Net ocean transports -0.06 ± 0.06 Runoff 0.041 (± 0.02 ?) (Dai et al, 2009 ... is the challenge! National](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff70a30d3ef1446283e0ec9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Annual-mean precipitation inferred from RAPID-Argo
9
FW flux (109 kgs-1)
26.5oN -0.022 ± 0.08 41.5oN +0.002 ± 0.01 Straits of Gibraltar
-0.041 ± 0.01
Net ocean transports
-0.06 ± 0.08
Runoff 0.041 (± 0.02 ?)
E-P -0.02 ± 0.084 E -0.8 ± 0.1 P (inferred) 0.82 ± 0.13
![Page 10: The Large Scale Salinity Budget in the North Atlantic and ... · 2012) Net ocean transports -0.06 ± 0.06 Runoff 0.041 (± 0.02 ?) (Dai et al, 2009 ... is the challenge! National](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff70a30d3ef1446283e0ec9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Relationship to near-surface salinity
10
On shorter timescales, dMFW/dt is non zero…
E −P = R+FWtrans26,5
−FWtrans41+M + ρ
∂SSH
∂tdA∫ + f
∂S
∂t
Estimating this relationship is the challenge!
![Page 11: The Large Scale Salinity Budget in the North Atlantic and ... · 2012) Net ocean transports -0.06 ± 0.06 Runoff 0.041 (± 0.02 ?) (Dai et al, 2009 ... is the challenge! National](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff70a30d3ef1446283e0ec9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FIRST LOOK AT ENSO FROM AQUARIUS
Aquarius 2012 Science Team Meeting 11
![Page 12: The Large Scale Salinity Budget in the North Atlantic and ... · 2012) Net ocean transports -0.06 ± 0.06 Runoff 0.041 (± 0.02 ?) (Dai et al, 2009 ... is the challenge! National](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff70a30d3ef1446283e0ec9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Your Title Here 12
Argo near-surface salinity shows strong ENSO signal in the Western Pacific
Scaled salinity and MEI comparison
![Page 13: The Large Scale Salinity Budget in the North Atlantic and ... · 2012) Net ocean transports -0.06 ± 0.06 Runoff 0.041 (± 0.02 ?) (Dai et al, 2009 ... is the challenge! National](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff70a30d3ef1446283e0ec9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Your Title Here 13
Salinity Anomaly (PSU)
Aquarius minus Argo mean (’05 – ’08)
Aquarius Sept-Oct ‘11 minus Argo Sept-Oct ‘11
“bias corrected” Aquarius anomaly for
Dec. 2011
![Page 14: The Large Scale Salinity Budget in the North Atlantic and ... · 2012) Net ocean transports -0.06 ± 0.06 Runoff 0.041 (± 0.02 ?) (Dai et al, 2009 ... is the challenge! National](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff70a30d3ef1446283e0ec9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Your Title Here 14
During the 2010 El Niño event, near surface
salinity is low in the west and salinity maximum is near the center of the
Pacific
Argo based salinity along the Equator
During the 2010 La Niña event, near surface
salinity is high in the west and salinity maximum
has migrated west
![Page 15: The Large Scale Salinity Budget in the North Atlantic and ... · 2012) Net ocean transports -0.06 ± 0.06 Runoff 0.041 (± 0.02 ?) (Dai et al, 2009 ... is the challenge! National](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff70a30d3ef1446283e0ec9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Atlantic heat transport 15
Summary • Estimates of annual-mean P from heat and freshwater budgets
are reasonable, but somewhat high.
• For sub-monthly time scales, more work required to relate salinity data to E-P to get useful estimates
• ENSO variability should be one of the biggest large-scale, climate signals visible in the Aquarius data