The Language of Anatomy
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Transcript of The Language of Anatomy
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The Language of Anatomy
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Anatomical Position
• Body erect • Feet slightly apart• Palms facing forward • Thumbs point away from
body
Figure 1.7a
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Directional Terms
• Superior and inferior – toward and away from the head, respectively
• Anterior and posterior – toward the front and back of the body
• Medial, lateral, and intermediate – toward the midline, away from the midline, and between a more medial and lateral structure
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Directional Terms
• Proximal and distal – closer to and farther from the origin of the body
• Superficial and deep – toward and away from the body surface
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Directional Terms Table 1.1
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Directional Terms Table 1.1
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Regional Terms: Anterior View
• Axial – head, neck, and trunk
• Appendicular – appendages or limbs
• Specific regional terminology
Figure 1.7a
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Regional Terms: Posterior View
Figure 1.7b
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Body Planes• Sagittal – divides the body into right and left
parts• Midsagittal or medial – sagittal plane that lies
on the midline• Frontal or coronal – divides the body into
anterior and posterior parts• Transverse or horizontal (cross section) –
divides the body into superior and inferior parts
• Oblique section – cuts made diagonally
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Body Planes Figure 1.8
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Body Cavities
Figure 1.9a
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Body Cavities• Dorsal cavity protects the nervous system, and is
divided into two subdivisions–Cranial cavity is within the skull and encases the
brain–Vertebral cavity runs within the vertebral
column and encases the spinal cord• Ventral cavity houses the internal organs (viscera),
and is divided into two subdivisions: - Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities
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Body CavitiesFigure 1.9b
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Body Cavities
• Thoracic cavity is subdivided into pleural cavities, the mediastinum, and the pericardial cavity–Pleural cavities – each houses a lung–Mediastinum – contains the pericardial
cavity, and surrounds the remaining thoracic organs–Pericardial cavity – encloses the heart
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Body Cavities• The abdominopelvic cavity is separated from
the superior thoracic cavity by the dome-shaped diaphragm
• It is composed of two subdivisions–Abdominal cavity – contains the stomach,
intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs–Pelvic cavity – lies within the pelvis and
contains the bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
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Ventral Body Cavity Membranes
• Parietal serosa lines internal body walls
• Visceral serosa covers the internal organs
• Serous fluid separates the serosae
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Ventral Body Cavity Membranes
Figure 1.10a
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Ventral Body Cavity Membranes
Figure 1.10b
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Other Body Cavities
• Oral and digestive – mouth and cavities of the digestive organs
• Nasal –located within and posterior to the nose
• Orbital – house the eyes• Middle ear – contain bones (ossicles) that
transmit sound vibrations• Synovial – joint cavities
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Abdominopelvic Regions
• Umbilical• Epigastric• Hypogastric• Right and left iliac or
inguinal• Right and left lumbar• Right and left
hypochondriac
Figure 1.11a
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Organs of the Abdominopelvic Regions
Figure 1.11b
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Abdominopelvic Quadrants
• Right upper (RUQ)
• Left upper (LUQ)
• Right lower (RLQ)
• Left lower (LLQ)
Figure 1.12