Page 1
The Kidneys
Major Topics for Discussion Review of anatomy and physiology Congenital anomalies Glomerular diseases Vascular diseases Kidney stones Neoplasia
Page 3
PAS Stain of Normal Glomerulus - Capillary Loops within Bowman’s Capsule
Page 4
Normal Glomerulus
(Renal Filter Unit)
Page 5
Congenital Anomalies
Horseshoe Kidney
Cystic Renal Dysplasia
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Page 7
Cystic Renal Dysplasia
Page 8
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Page 9
Glomerular Diseases
Nephrotic Syndrome (proteinuria, lipidemia, edema)
Nephritic Syndrome (hematuria, oliguria, hypertension)
Page 10
Electron Micrograph of the Glomerular Filter - from Capillary Lumen, across the Basement Membrane to the Urinary Space
Page 11
Pathogenesis of Nephrotic Syndrome
Page 12
“Minimal Change
Nephrotic Syndrome”
Page 13
Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Glomerulopathy (Glomerulonephritis)
Anti-GBM antibody
Immune complex
Anti-neutrophil
cytoplasmic antibody
Page 14
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Page 15
Silver Stain….
HIV-Associated Nephropathy
Page 16
Pathogenesis of Membranous
Glomerulopathy
( immune complex disease)
Page 17
Immunofluorescence Demonstration of Immune Complex Proteins Deposited in the Glomerular Basement Membrane
Page 18
Pathogenesis of Diabetic
Glomerulopathy
Page 19
PAS Stain….
Diabetic Glomerulopathy
Page 20
Pathogenesis of Amyloid
Nephropathy
Page 21
Pathogenesis of Amyloid
Nephropathy
Page 22
Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis
Page 23
Post-Strep Nephritis (Immune Complexes)
Page 24
Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody Disease
Page 25
Crescentic Anti-GBM Glomerulonephritis
Page 26
Pathogenesis of Crescentic
(Rapidly Progressive)
Glomerulonephritis
Page 27
Vascular Diseases
Hypertensive (Benign) Nephrosclerosis
Embolism & Infarction
Shock & Renal Cortical Necrosis
Acute Tubular Necrosis
Page 28
Benign Nephrosclerosis
(Hypertension)
Page 30
Renal Infarct
(Embolism)
Page 31
Renal Cortical Necrosis
(Shock)
Page 32
Pathogenesis of Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
Obstruction Acute Renal Failure
Page 33
Pathogenesis of Pyelonephritis
Page 34
Mechanisms of Acute & Chronic Pyelonephritis
Page 35
Acute Pyelonephritis
Neutrophils are present in the collecting tubules and interstitial tissue.
Page 36
Chronic Pyelonephritis
Page 37
Bisected Kidney Shows Papillary Necrosis
Page 38
Renal Stones and Urinary Tract Obstruction
Page 39
Staghorn Calculi
Calcium
Infection
Uric acid
Nephrolithiasis
Page 40
Hydronephrosis
Complication of Urinary Tract Obstruction
Page 41
Neoplasia
Wilms Tumor (most common abdominal solid tumor in children)
Renal Cell Carcinoma(most common kidney cancer - 90%)
Page 43
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Page 44
Path Key Words Acute
glomerulonephritis Acute renal failure Acute tubular necrosis Adult polycystic kidney
disease Cystic renal dysplasia Hematuria Hydronephrosis
Minimal change nephrotic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome Oliguria Pyelonephritis Renal cell carcinoma Urolithiasis Wilms tumor