The Kazakhstan's architecture of the beginning of the twentieth century (Form summation)

***** THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE

of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)

Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV

STYLES OF THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE

the Series of thematic brochures

Almaty, 2017

***

UDC 72.036 (574) THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION) / Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV. – The Thematic brochures series: STYLES OF THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE. – Almaty, 2017. – 53 p.

It is the third of eleven brochures of the Thematic series "Styles of the Kazakhstan’s Architecture" – on based the Author’s monograph “ARCHITECTURE OF THE KAZAKHSTAN OF THE 20-CENTURY (Development of architectural-artistic forms)”, 2004. The Brochure includes 251 images of 193 buildings, constructed in the Twentieth century beginning. The set of objects is structured as an aspect of forms style classification.

For architects, art-critics and historians. Keywords: History of the Architecture, Architecture of the Twentieth century, Architectural styles, Kazakhstan The front cover: The “Iskhak Gabdulvaliev & Sons” Shop, Zhibek Zholy Ave., Almaty (1911, arch. A.Zenkov) – images source: Samoilov, K.I. 2004, ‘ARCHITECTURE OF THE KAZAKHSTAN OF THE 20-CENTURY (Development of architectural-artistic forms)’. = Самойлов, К.И. АРХИТЕКТУРА КАЗАХСТАНА ХХ ВЕКА (Развитие архитектурно-художественных форм). – Москва-Алматы: Издательство «М-АРи»дизайн, 2004.

C Samoilov K.I., 2017

THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION) Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017

3

CONTENT INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY ……………….

6

Set of objects on figures ………………………………………………………………………………………

43

BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………………………………………………

49

Briefly about the Author …………………………………………………………………………………………

52


4

INTRODUCTION Architecture of Kazakhstan is represented by specific phenomenon. The republic is situated in the center of Euro-Asian continent and its territory and poli-ethnic population was multiply involved in major political and economic cataclysms within centuries-old history, alternating by periods of relatively even development. It was naturally reflected on the environment formation. Moreover, every time this process was corrected considering different levels stability of natural-climate and engineering-geological conditions of different areas, availability of local and delivered construction materials, production resources development levels, economics specifics, morals and manner of people, period of residence in the present area and administrative-territorial divisions formed and dissolved public authorities. Large territory of Kazakhstan comprises parts of number of natural-climate regions with multi-national population living in different level of compactness, including local people and migrants issues who were resettled different period on these lands. Since antiquity and in Middle Ages poli-atnic culture assimilation was developed due to natural and climate factors, controlled corresponding types of management, morals and manners and architectural forms. Politically stimulated process of traditional forms of management liquidation accompanied by numerous waves of inter and ex-territorial migration defined cultural – sub-regional collusion of the second half of XIX century and basic part of XX century. Originality of the process was enforced by ethnic and general social – political interpretation of cultural interaction, created potential of particular leveling and blurring of cultural – sub-regional borders. Architectural-cultural forms depending on factors are used in different compositions with each others. Their variety considering not only peculiarity of separate components but also new inter-forming deference, comprises collection, which can be structured by any way with definite level of conditional character. Grouping of architectural-artistic forms, which existed different periods of architecture development in Kazakhstan are dominated in plastic construction of theme forms deferential variety, which allows to review evolution of its continents. This Brochure is part of the Thematic brochures series "Styles of the Kazakhstan’s Architecture" – on based the Author’s monograph “ARCHITECTURE OF THE KAZAKHSTAN OF THE 20-CENTURY (Development of architectural-artistic forms)” [18]: - THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Ancientry and the Middle Ages (THE FORMS SUMMATION) [26]; - THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Nineteenth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION) [27]; - THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION); - THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of 1920’s – the First half of 1930’s (THE FORMS SUMMATION); - THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Second half of 1930’s – the Beginning of 1940’s (THE FORMS SUMMATION); - THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Mid-1940's – the Mid-1950's (THE FORMS SUMMATION); - THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Ending of 1950's – 1960's (THE FORMS SUMMATION); - THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of 1970's – 1980's (THE FORMS SUMMATION); - THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of 1990's (THE FORMS SUMMATION); - THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Early of the Twenty First century (THE FORMS SUMMATION); - THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE from the Ancientry to the Twenty First century Early (THE FORMS EVOLUTION). The Brochure includes 251 images of 193 buildings, constructed in the early XX century (37 figures: 1 map, 251 photos, 3 tables of the Forms Summation with 82 images). The set of objects is structured as an aspect of forms style classification.


5

Figure 1. THE GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF THE KAZAKHSTAN

1. The map of the Asia, 1914 (the fragment) [1]


6

ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

Architectural forms of the early XX century in general form the following rows. Kazakh Yurta was developed from architectural forms elaborated by middle of XIX century and being used within the period. Forms similar to “Russian Style” – wooden carved many-tiered eaves, pediments, platbands, pediments, shutters, columns and fences are used with ordinary and figured walls joints. Roofs are used of double and four ramp and in some times hip-roofs and carinate roofs. There are entails used in combination with plastered smooth and rusticated walls where pilasters and scoops are used including multi-formed panels and drawbars, double and three placed girths, developed platbands and settings. Different pitched roofs have smooth and scaly surface, domes are carried out in ordinary and ribbed, lancet and bulbous forms. It is widely use of figured spires on fine-detailed basis in the corner or on the ridge of the roofs. Modelling details in combination with plastered walls include simple and figured plates, complicated profiled and simple platbands with pediments, triangular and carinate pediments. Pilasters and scoops have many-tired articulation, their face surface have flutes. Window sills are joined by double or three-placed girths. Some open type structures from ordinary and adobe bricks have girths from figured works and sometimes accented eaves and embrasures setting. In sub regions there are isolated construction of the same type from large limestone – coquina blocks. Active plastics formed by profile complicated smooth and fluted pilasters, girths, settings, single and figured friezes is accompanied by color-relieved designs, particular or completely covered these elements. In separate cases there are figured cover of pilasters and friezes. Peculiarity of these plastics in some structures on the basis of association resulted in formation of such definitions as “bargee” or “modern”. Adobe bricks structures with domes, cone and sphero-conic and semi-ellipsoid forms basically have no accented eaves, scoops and setting on basis. Bays and embrasures are carried out from ordinary brick and have semi-spherical and lancet forms of the roofs without bowl. Walls plastics is developed on the basis of combination of pilasters, scoops, bays, simple and multi-detailed eaves with denticles. Angle towers have round or square crossing. There are figured benders and multi-detailed dome lights for towers roofs. Embrasures and bays have form of lancet and bow-shaped arches with smooth or rusticated choice of archivolts. In some cases the domes are covered by figured spires. Figured works are carried out from ordinary and moulded bricks in combination with girths from patterned terracotta plates.

In sub regions there are architectural forms of construction from large lam-stone coquina blocks, crowned by helmed-shaped domes with figured spire. Their surface are divided by simple girths and scoops, framing square, box or narrow lancet bays. Color – relief patterns completely or particularly cover the walls and domes surfaces. In some cases there are figured friezes.

Architectural forms peculiar to “brick style” are represented by figured brickworks from ordinary and moulded brick, by simple and complicated rustication of scoops, pilasters, platbands and archivolts, many-tired eaves with graded corbels and arch girths, ordinary or drawn panels. Embrasures and many-graded bays have form of lancet or semi-circular arches. There are complicated benders and parapets with figured covers. Box crowns and hip-roofs are used rarely.

Architectural forms peculiar to neoclassicism are represented by pilasters and three-quarter columns interpreted differently by Doric, Tuscan, Ionic ordinary and complete Orders. There are developed platbands and pediments with different forms pediments, many-tired level and roof eaves, semi-circular windows, high walls scoops rustication, as well as figured benders. In some cases there are torispherical crowns and poli-elliptical domes with different forms and sizes spires. Modernist style is represented by complicated forms of eaves and benders, three-centered arches and bays, figured panels on pilasters and window-sills, simple and complicated rustications of scoops, developed volute corbels, various spire-type cover of parapets, benders and torispherical crowns. Sometimes there is figured works from face brick is used.


7

Figure 2. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

1. T

he Y

urt,

Akm

ola

regi

on (1

915)

; 2.

The

Yur

t (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 3

. The

Yur

t (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 4

. The

Tur

kmen

nom

ad v

illage

(XIX

– b

egin

ning

of t

he X

X ce

ntur

y) ;

5. T

he Y

urt (

the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

6. T

he Y

urt (

the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

7. T

he Y

urt (

the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

8. T

he Y

urt (

the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX

cent

ury)

; 9.

The

Yur

t (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 1

0. T

he Y

urt (

the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) –

[18]

: im

ages

sou

rce


8


1. T

he R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, K

enes

ary

Str.,

Ast

ana

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

2. T

he R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, A

tyra

u (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 3

, 8, 9

. The

Res

iden

tial

build

ing,

Pus

hkin

Str.

, Ast

ana

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

4. T

he C

olle

ge, V

alik

hano

v St

r., A

lmat

y (1

904,

arc

h. A

.Zen

kov)

; 5.

The

Res

iden

tial b

uild

ing,

Sem

ipal

atin

sk (t

he b

egin

ning

of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

6. T

he “N

ew M

osqu

e”, A

stan

a (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 7

. The

Res

iden

tial b

uild

ing,

Pav

loda

r (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) – [1

8]: i

mag

es s

ourc

e


9


1, 2

. The

Hou

se o

f the

Milit

ary

Asse

mbl

y, A

iteke

Str.

, Alm

aty

(190

8, a

rch.

A.Z

enko

v) ;

3. T

he R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, K

oksh

etau

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 4.

The

Res

iden

tial b

uild

ing,

Pa

vlod

ar (t

he b

egin

ning

of t

he X

X ce

ntur

y) ;

5. T

he G

avril

ov’s

Res

iden

tial b

uild

ing,

Zhe

ltoks

an S

tr., (

mov

ed fr

om F

urm

anov

Str.

in 1

973)

, Alm

aty

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

6, 7

. Th

e R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, G

ogol

’ Str.

, Alm

aty

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

8, 9

. The

Fou

r-yea

r city

Sch

ool,

Gog

ol’ S

tr., A

lmat

y (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

, arc

h. A

.Zen

kov)

–

[18]

: im

ages

sou

rce


10


1. T

he R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, A

bdul

lins

Str.,

Alm

aty

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

2. T

he R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, A

bdul

lins

Str.,

Alm

aty

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

3. T

he

Res

iden

tial b

uild

ing,

Abd

ullin

s St

r., A

lmat

y (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 4

. The

Res

iden

tial b

uild

ing,

Alim

zhan

ov S

tr., A

lmat

y (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 5

. The

Res

iden

tial

build

ing,

Abd

ullin

s St

r., A

lmat

y (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 6

. The

Pha

rmac

y, N

ovos

elsk

aya

Str.,

Alm

aty

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

7. T

he R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, G

agar

in S

tr.,

Sem

ipal

atin

sk (t

he b

egin

ning

of t

he X

X ce

ntur

y) –

[18]

: im

ages

sou

rce


11


1. T

he d

octo

r L.N

.Fie

dler

’s h

ouse

, Kaz

ybek

bi,

Alm

aty

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

2. T

he R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, S

emip

alat

insk

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 3.

The

Res

iden

tial

build

ing,

Kal

daya

kov

Str.,

Alm

aty

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

4. T

he P

ugas

ov’s

Res

iden

tial b

uild

ing,

Bog

enba

i Bat

yr S

tr., A

lmat

y (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 5

. The

Zub

ov’s

R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, B

aitu

rsyn

ov S

tr., A

lmat

y (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 6

, 7. T

he O

bser

vato

ry a

nd M

eteo

rolo

gica

l ser

vice

, Sei

fullin

Ave

., Al

mat

y (1

915)

– [1

8]: i

mag

es s

ourc

e


12

Figure 7.THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

1. T

he R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, Z

enko

v St

r., A

lmat

y (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 2

. The

Chu

rch,

Kok

shet

au (t

he b

egin

ning

of t

he X

X ce

ntur

y) ;

3. T

he R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, A

iteke

bi S

tr.,

Alm

aty

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

4. T

he R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, G

ogol

’ Str.

, Alm

aty

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

5. T

he R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, S

emip

alat

insk

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 6

. The

Res

iden

tial b

uild

ing,

Tol

e bi

Str.

, Alm

aty

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

7. T

he R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, M

akat

ayev

Str.

, Alm

aty

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry)

– [1

8]: i

mag

es s

ourc

e


13


1, 2

, 3, 4

, 5, 6

, 7. T

he “I

skha

k G

abdu

lval

iev

& So

ns” S

hop,

Zhi

bek

Zhol

y Av

e., A

lmat

y (1

911,

arc

h. A

.Zen

kov)

– [1

8]: i

mag

es s

ourc

e


14


1, 2

, 3, 4

, 5, 6

, 7. T

he T

urke

stan

Cat

hedr

al, A

iteke

bi S

tr., A

lmat

y (1

907,

arc

h. K

.Bor

isog

lebs

ky, S

.Tro

pare

vsky

, A.Z

enko

v) –

[18]

: im

ages

sou

rce


15


1, 3

, 4, 5

, 6, 7

. The

St.N

icho

las

Chu

rch,

Kab

anba

i Bat

yr S

tr., A

lmat

y (1

906-

1908

, arc

h. N

.Lav

anov

, S.T

ropa

revs

ky) ;

2. T

he “J

oy o

f All

the

Affli

cted

” Chu

rch,

Bru

silo

vsky

Str.

, Alm

aty

(191

5,

arch

. A.P

ugac

henk

ov) –

[18]

: im

ages

sou

rce


16


1, 2

, 3, 4

, 5, 6

. The

Iskh

ak G

abdu

lval

iev’

s R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, M

akat

ayev

Str.

, Alm

aty

(190

9, a

rch.

A.Z

enko

v) –

[18]

: im

ages

sou

rce


17


1, 2

. The

Adm

inis

trativ

e bu

ildin

g, G

ogol

’ Str.

, Alm

aty

(XIX

– th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 3

. The

"Ish

aqia

" Tat

ar M

osqu

e an

d M

adra

ssa,

Zhi

bek

Zhol

y Av

e., A

lmat

y (th

e be

ginn

ing

of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

4. T

he R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, G

ogol

’ Str.

, Alm

aty

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

5. T

he A

dmin

istra

tive

build

ing,

Pus

hkin

Str.

, Alm

aty

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

6.

The

Res

iden

tial b

uild

ing,

Gog

ol’ S

tr., A

lmat

y (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 7

. The

Kur

gano

v’s

Res

iden

tial b

uild

ing,

Alm

aty

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

8, 9

. The

Pen

sion

bu

ildin

g of

the

Man

's G

ymna

sium

, Tol

e bi

Str.

, Alm

aty

(190

7, a

rch.

P.G

urde

, A.Z

enko

v) –

[18]

: im

ages

sou

rce


18


1. T

he A

zim

bai M

auso

leum

, Sem

ipal

atin

sk re

gion

(beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 2.

The

Ara

b M

auso

leum

, Sem

ipal

atin

sk re

gion

(beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 3.

The

Bur

ial s

truct

ure

#1,

Nec

ropo

lis "A

ibat

" Zhe

zkaz

gan

regi

on (X

IX –

ear

ly o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 4.

The

Ica

tortk

ulak

#2,

Sem

ipal

atin

sk re

gion

(beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 5.

The

Tor

tkul

ak #

2, N

ecro

polis

Tab

an,

Zhez

kazg

an re

gion

(XIX

– e

arly

of t

he X

X ce

ntur

y) ;

6. T

he T

akyr

Mem

oria

l fen

ce, S

emip

alat

insk

regi

on (X

IX –

ear

ly o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 7.

The

Sha

kirk

azhi

tortk

ulak

, Sem

ipal

atin

sk re

gion

(b

egin

ning

of t

he X

X ce

ntur

y) –

[18]

: im

ages

sou

rce


19


1, 2

. The

Tur

lyba

y Ko

ylyb

aev’

s sa

gana

-tam

nec

ropo

lis A

san-

Hod

ga, A

tyra

u re

gion

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 3.

The

Sag

ana-

tam

, Kam

yspa

y ne

crop

olis

, Aty

rau

regi

on (1

908,

bu

ild. N

.Um

irov)

; 4.

The

Sug

ir Ak

hmed

zhan

ov’s

sag

ana-

tam

, Sei

sen-

ata

necr

opol

is, A

tyra

u re

gion

(190

5) ;

5. T

he "M

oder

n" s

agan

a-ta

m, K

arag

ash

necr

opol

is, A

tyra

u re

gion

(191

6) ;

6, 7

, 8. T

he N

urm

uham

med

’s s

agan

a-ta

m, A

san-

Hod

ga n

ecro

polis

, Aty

rau

regi

on (t

he b

egin

ning

of t

he X

X ce

ntur

y) ;

9. T

he "B

aroq

ue" s

agan

a-ta

m, S

agyn

dyk

necr

opol

is, A

tyra

u re

gion

(th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) – [1

8]: i

mag

es s

ourc

e


20


1. T

he S

agan

a-ta

m, A

tyra

u re

gion

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 2.

The

Nec

ropo

lis, A

tyra

u re

gion

(XIX

– th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 3

. The

Zho

lbol

dy s

agan

a-ta

m, A

tyra

u re

gion

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

– [1

8]: i

mag

es s

ourc

e


21


1. T

he B

oran

mau

sole

um, A

tyra

u re

gion

(190

8, b

uild

. N.Iz

basa

rov)

; 2.

The

Aga

tai T

okab

aev’

s m

auso

leum

, Aty

rau

regi

on (1

905)

; 3,

6. T

he S

hoin

bay

Kaby

l-uly

’s m

auso

leum

, Kar

aman

-ata

ne

crop

olis

, Aty

rau

regi

on (1

914)

; 4.

The

Mau

sole

um, A

tyra

u re

gion

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 5.

The

Mau

sole

um, A

tyra

u re

gion

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

– [1

8]: i

mag

es

sour

ce


22


1. T

he T

oken

Ayg

orae

v’s

mau

sole

um, K

umoz

ek v

illage

, Zha

mby

l reg

ion

(190

6, b

uild

. Kem

pyrb

ay) ;

2. T

he O

tel’b

ay’s

mau

sole

um, K

umoz

ek v

illage

, Zha

mby

l reg

ion

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

3. T

he T

oleu

bek’

s m

auso

leum

, Kum

ozek

villa

ge, Z

ham

byl r

egio

n (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

, bui

ld. K

empy

rbay

) ; 4

. The

Ayd

yn’s

mau

sole

um, D

alak

ayna

r villa

ge,

Zham

byl r

egio

n (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 5

. The

Mau

sole

um B

otab

ai, K

umoz

ek v

illage

, Zha

mby

l reg

ion

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

6. T

he Is

aac's

mau

sole

um, K

umoz

ek

villa

ge, Z

ham

byl r

egio

n (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 7

. The

Ayz

higi

t-Cal

’pe

mau

sole

um, K

umoz

ek v

illage

, Zha

mby

l reg

ion

(190

2, b

uild

. Kem

pyrb

ay) ;

8. T

he A

issa

mau

sole

um,

Kosk

umbe

z ne

crop

olis

, Zha

mby

l reg

ion

(190

7, b

uild

. Kem

pyrb

ay) ;

9. T

he A

kpas

tortk

ulak

, Kum

ozek

villa

ge, Z

ham

byl r

egio

n (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 1

0. T

he A

ralb

ay to

rtkul

ak,

Zham

byl r

egio

n (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) – [1

8]: i

mag

es s

ourc

e


23


1. T

he B

eise

mba

i mau

sole

um, S

emip

alat

insk

regi

on (t

he b

egin

ning

of t

he X

X ce

ntur

y) ;

2. T

he S

haru

mau

sole

um, S

emip

alat

insk

regi

on (X

IX -

early

XX

cent

ury)

; 3.

The

Bop

ekaz

hi

mau

sole

um, S

emip

alat

insk

regi

on (X

IX -

early

XX

cent

ury)

; 4.

The

Asi

l’han

Mau

sole

um #

2, S

emip

alat

insk

regi

on (X

IX -

early

XX

cent

ury)

– [1

8]: i

mag

es s

ourc

e


24


1. T

he S

arys

hola

k m

auso

leum

, Sem

ipal

atin

sk re

gion

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 2.

The

Asi

l’han

mau

sole

um, S

emip

alat

insk

regi

on (X

IX -

early

XX

cent

ury)

; 3.

The

Tus

in

Kasa

bayu

ly m

auso

leum

, Sem

ipal

atin

sk re

gion

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 4.

The

Om

ar m

auso

leum

, Sem

ipal

atin

sk re

gion

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

– [1

8]: i

mag

es s

ourc

e


25


1. T

he D

omal

ak-a

na m

auso

leum

, Glin

kino

villa

ge, S

outh

-Kaz

akhs

tan

regi

on (t

he b

egin

ning

of t

he X

X ce

ntur

y) ;

2. T

he A

lipto

mar

’s m

auso

leum

, Akm

ola

regi

on (t

he b

egin

ning

of t

he X

X ce

ntur

y) ;

3. T

he to

wer

s in

hon

or o

f Bat

yr O

rak,

Kyz

ylor

da re

gion

(191

8) ;

4. T

he M

auso

leum

Sha

ykan

, Sem

ipal

atin

sk re

gion

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 5.

The

Bab

a Tu

kti S

hash

ty

Aziz

mau

sole

um, K

umke

nt v

illage

, Sou

th K

azak

hsta

n (X

IX -

early

XX

cent

ury)

6. T

he S

haik

an m

auso

leum

, Sem

ipal

atin

sk re

gion

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 7.

The

Bek

tyba

i’s

mau

sole

um, C

hu v

illage

, Sou

th K

azak

hsta

n re

gion

(191

1) ;

8. T

he S

haul

’der

Mos

que,

Sou

th K

azak

hsta

n re

gion

(XIX

– e

arly

XX

cent

ury)

; 9.

The

Sag

yndy

k m

auso

leum

, Sha

ulde

r villa

ge,

Sout

h Ka

zakh

stan

(XIX

- ea

rly X

X ce

ntur

y) –

[18]

: im

ages

sou

rce


26


1. T

he K

arak

ozha

mos

que,

Zha

mby

l reg

ion

(190

9) ;

2, 3

. Ish

an-b

asar

mos

que

and

mad

rasa

, Akk

oily

villa

ge, S

outh

Kaz

akhs

tan

regi

on (X

IX –

the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

4. T

he

Abdu

kadi

r’s m

osqu

e, A

bai S

tr., T

araz

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 5.

The

Nog

ai Is

han’

s m

auso

leum

, Oiy

k vi

llage

, Zha

mby

l reg

ion

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

6, 7

. The

Ka

raha

n’s

mau

sole

um (r

econ

stru

ctio

n), T

ole

bi S

tr., T

araz

(190

5-19

06) –

[18]

: im

ages

sou

rce


27


1. T

he A

ryst

an-b

ab m

auso

leum

, Kog

am v

illage

, Sou

th K

azak

hsta

n re

gion

(190

9) ;

2. T

he A

ryst

an-b

ab m

auso

leum

, Kog

am v

illage

, Sou

th K

azak

hsta

n re

gion

(190

9; d

emol

ishe

d an

d re

built

in

197

1) ;

3, 4

. The

Eru

bay

#2 m

auso

leum

, Zhe

zkaz

gan

regi

on (X

IX –

ear

ly X

X ce

ntur

y) ;

5, 6

. The

Mos

que

Nog

ai-Is

han

mos

que,

Suz

ak v

illage

, Sou

th K

azak

hsta

n re

gion

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f th

e XX

cen

tury

) – [1

8]: i

mag

es s

ourc

e


28


1. T

he W

ater

tow

er, A

rys

(190

6) ;

2, 4

. Kos

tyur

in’s

Mec

hani

cal w

orks

hops

, Ust

’-Kam

enog

orsk

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

cen

tury

) ; 3

. The

Wat

er T

ower

, Tur

kest

an (1

901-

1905

) ; 5

. The

Wat

er

Tow

er, T

imur

villa

ge, S

outh

Kaz

akhs

tan

regi

on (t

he b

egin

ning

of t

he X

X ce

ntur

y) ;

6. T

he S

hoe

fact

ory,

Kos

tana

y (1

906)

; 7.

The

Wat

er T

ower

, Tar

az (t

he b

egin

ning

of t

he X

X ce

ntur

y) ;

8,

9. T

he W

ater

Tow

er, S

emip

alat

insk

(190

3) ;

10. T

he W

ater

Tow

er, P

etro

pavl

ovsk

(190

2) –

[18]

: im

ages

sou

rce


29


1. T

he R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, M

RC

Str.

, Ary

s (1

912-

1915

) ; 2

. The

Hot

el fo

r ste

am-lo

com

otiv

e cr

ews,

Oct

ober

Str.

, Tur

kest

an (1

903)

; 3.

The

Res

iden

tial b

uild

ing,

Kiro

v St

r., A

rys

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

4. T

he H

otel

for s

team

-loco

mot

ive

crew

s, F

runz

e St

r., A

rys

(190

5) ;

5. T

he R

ailw

ay H

ospi

tal,

Oct

ober

Str.

, Tur

kest

an (1

903)

; 6.

The

Rai

lway

Hos

pita

l, Ar

ys

(190

6) ;

7. T

he L

ibra

ry, C

hkal

ov S

tr., A

rys

(190

5) ;

8. T

he S

choo

l, Ka

skas

u vi

llage

, Sou

th K

azak

hsta

n re

gion

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 9.

The

Res

iden

tial b

uild

ing,

MR

C S

tr., A

rys

(191

2-19

15) ;

10.

The

Res

iden

tial b

uild

ing,

Oct

ober

Str.

, Tur

kest

an (t

he b

egin

ning

of t

he X

X ce

ntur

y) ;

11. T

he S

ervi

ce s

tatio

n bu

ildin

g, A

rys

(190

7) ;

12. T

he R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, M

arx

Str.,

Tur

kest

an (t

he b

egin

ning

of t

he X

X ce

ntur

y) –

[18]

: im

ages

sou

rce


30


1, 2

, 3, 6

. The

Mak

eev’

s R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, B

ukei

khan

Str.

, Ast

ana

(191

4-19

18, a

rch.

A.P

avlo

vich

) ; 4

. The

Hos

pita

l, Ka

raga

ndin

skay

a St

r., A

stan

a (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ;

5.

The

Ale

ksee

v’s

Scho

ol, P

avlo

dar (

1907

) ; 6

. The

Hos

pita

l, Ka

raga

ndin

skai

a St

r., A

stan

a (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 7

. The

Res

iden

tial h

ouse

, Pet

ropa

vlov

sk (t

he b

egin

ning

of

the

XX c

entu

ry) –

[18]

: im

ages

sou

rce


31


1. T

he R

esid

entia

l hou

se, S

emip

alat

insk

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 2.

The

Che

redo

v’s

resi

dent

ial h

ouse

, Sem

ipal

atin

sk (1

919)

; 3.

The

Rai

lway

sta

tion

Serv

ice

build

ing,

Se

mip

alat

insk

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 4.

The

Nic

hola

s C

hurc

h, S

hmid

t Str.

, Shy

mke

nt (1

914,

arc

h. I.

Mar

kevi

ch) ;

5, 8

. The

resi

dent

ial b

uild

ing

Gat

e (“T

he O

ld G

ate”

), Ka

zybe

k bi

Str.

, Alm

aty

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

6. T

he S

hop,

Ust

-Kam

enog

orsk

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 7.

The

Chu

rch

of th

e N

ativ

ity o

f the

Ble

ssed

Virg

in M

ary,

Vre

vsko

e vi

llage

, Sou

th K

azak

hsta

n re

gion

(190

3) ;

9. T

he C

hurc

h, O

bruc

hevk

a vi

llage

, Sou

th K

azak

hsta

n re

gion

(XIX

- ea

rly X

X ce

ntur

ies)

; 10

. The

Sch

ool,

Asta

na (t

he b

egin

ning

of t

he X

X ce

ntur

y) ;

11. T

he re

side

ntia

l bui

ldin

g G

ate,

Tol

e bi

Str.

, Tar

az (t

he b

egin

ning

of t

he X

X ce

ntur

y) –

[18]

: im

ages

sou

rce


32


1. T

he “F

uror

” cin

ema,

Kus

tana

y (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 2

. The

Adm

inis

trativ

e bu

ildin

g, P

avlo

dar (

the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

3. T

he S

ynag

ogue

, Sem

ipal

atin

sk (t

he

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

4. T

he “H

ouse

of u

rban

Soc

iety

”, As

tana

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 5,

6. T

he P

umpi

ng s

tatio

n, S

emip

alat

insk

(190

3) ;

7. T

he R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g,

Kost

anay

(191

2) ;

8. T

he "F

uror

" illu

sion

, Aty

rau

(190

3) ;

9. T

he R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, S

emip

alat

insk

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

– [1

8]: i

mag

es s

ourc

e


33


1. T

he J

uma

Mos

que

(“The

Gre

at M

osqu

e”),

Kaza

linsk

(190

7) ;

2. T

he E

lem

enta

ry s

choo

l for

boy

s, U

st’-K

amen

ogor

sk (1

912)

; 3

. The

Rap

hiko

v’s

resi

dent

ial h

ouse

, Ust

’-Kam

enog

orsk

(th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 4

. The

Men

ovsh

ikov

’s re

side

ntia

l hou

se, U

st’-K

amen

ogor

sk (t

he b

egin

ning

of t

he X

X ce

ntur

y) ;

5. T

he “S

avva

Sem

enov

& S

ons”

Sho

p, U

st’-

Kam

enog

orsk

(190

1) ;

6, 7

. The

Koz

hevn

ikov

’s S

hop,

Ust

’-Kam

enog

orsk

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

– [1

8]: i

mag

es s

ourc

e


34


1. T

he A

dmin

istra

tive

build

ing,

Beg

eldi

nov

Str.,

Ast

ana

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

2. T

he R

ailw

ay s

tatio

n, T

imur

villa

ge, S

outh

Kaz

akhs

tan

regi

on (1

901-

1905

) ; 3

, 5. T

he H

otel

, At

yrau

(190

5) ;

4, 6

, 8. T

he S

ocia

l Clu

b, U

st’-K

amen

ogor

sk (1

902)

; 7,

9. T

he "E

cho"

cin

ema,

Ust

’-Kam

enog

orsk

(190

9-19

11) –

[18]

: im

ages

sou

rce


35


1. T

he A

dmin

istra

tive

build

ing,

Kaz

ybek

bi S

tr., A

lmat

y (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 2

. The

Res

iden

tial b

uild

ing,

Sem

ipal

atin

sk (t

he b

egin

ning

of t

he X

X ce

ntur

y) ;

3. T

he R

esid

entia

l bu

ildin

g, S

emip

alat

insk

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 4.

The

Res

iden

tial b

uild

ing,

Om

arov

Str.

, Ast

ana

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

5. T

he R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, S

emip

alat

insk

(th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) ; 6

. The

Res

iden

tial b

uild

ing,

Sem

ipal

atin

sk (t

he b

egin

ning

of t

he X

X ce

ntur

y) ;

7. T

he B

ank,

Tar

az (1

902)

; 8.

The

Res

iden

tial b

uild

ing,

Sem

ipal

atin

sk (t

he

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

9. T

he R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, S

emip

alat

insk

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

– [1

8]: i

mag

es s

ourc

e


36


1, 2

, 4. T

he G

olov

izin

’s R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, F

urm

anov

Str.

, Alm

aty

(190

5-19

08) ;

3. T

he C

inem

a, P

etro

pavl

ovsk

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

; 5.

The

Sak

hno

hote

l, Se

mip

alat

insk

(1

900)

; 6,

7. T

he K

ubrin

’s R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, K

enes

ary

Str.,

Ast

ana

(191

0-19

11) ;

8. T

he G

ram

mar

Sch

ool,

Kiro

v St

r., S

emip

alat

insk

(the

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

cent

ury)

– [1

8]: i

mag

es

sour

ce


37


1, 2

. The

Yau

shev

bro

ther

s Pa

ssag

e, K

alin

in S

tr., K

osta

nay

(the

begi

nnin

g of

the

XX c

entu

ry) ;

3. T

he M

edic

al C

orps

of t

he H

ospi

tal,

Mar

x St

r., A

rys

(190

6) ;

4, 6

, 7. T

he K

ubrin

’s s

hop,

Ke

nesa

ry S

tr., A

stan

a (1

905-

1910

) ; 5

. The

Kan

tser

ov’s

sho

p, A

stan

a (th

e be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

cen

tury

) – [1

8]: i

mag

es s

ourc

e


38


1, 2

. The

Rai

lway

sta

tion,

Tur

kest

an (1

903)

; 3.

The

Dm

itrie

v’s

Res

iden

tial b

uild

ing,

Pet

ropa

vlov

sk (1

907)

; 4,

5, 6

. The

Rai

lway

sta

tion,

Kyz

ylor

da (1

901-

1906

) 7. T

he B

aldy

k M

osqu

e,

Kyzy

l-Ord

a re

gion

(190

6) ;

8. T

he R

ailw

ay s

tatio

n “A

rys’

-1”,

Arys

(190

1-19

04) ;

9. T

he S

choo

l, To

le b

i Str.

, Tar

az (t

he b

egin

ning

of t

he X

X ce

ntur

y) –

[18]

: im

ages

sou

rce


39


1. T

he S

choo

l nam

ed a

fter R

oman

ovs,

Tea

tral’n

aia

Str.,

Pet

ropa

vlov

sk (1

915,

arc

h. S

.Gra

vils

chik

ov) ;

2. T

he K

iyat

kin’

s R

esid

entia

l bui

ldin

g, T

olst

oy S

tr., K

osta

nay

(191

1) –

[18]

: im

ages

so

urce


40

Figure 35. ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF THE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1 2 3

1. T

he S

ub-re

gion

al U

styu

rt-M

angy

shla

k st

ylis

tic d

irect

ion

; 2. T

he N

eo-R

ussi

an s

tylis

tic d

irect

ion

(car

ved

woo

den

parts

) ; 3

. The

Neo

-Rus

sian

sty

listic

dire

ctio

n (s

tucc

o an

d ca

rved

woo

den

parts

) – [1

8]: i

mag

es s

ourc

e


41

Figure 36. ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF THE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1 2 3

1. T

he B

rick

Styl

e ; 2

. The

Neo

clas

sici

sm ;

3. T

he S

tyle

Mod

ern

– [1

8]: i

mag

es s

ourc

e


42

Figure 37. ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF THE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1 2 3 4

1. T

he R

egio

nal B

rick

styl

e di

rect

ion

(ele

men

tary

ado

be b

rick

mas

onry

) ; 2

. The

Reg

iona

l Bric

k st

yle

dire

ctio

n (a

rtist

ic a

nd m

odel

ado

be b

rick

mas

onry

) ; 3

. The

Reg

iona

l Bric

k st

yle

dire

ctio

n (a

rtist

ic a

dobe

bric

k m

ason

ry) ;

4. T

he N

atio

nal-t

radi

tiona

l sty

listic

dire

ctio

n (y

urt)

– [1

8]: i

mag

es s

ourc

e


43

Set of objects on figures

Figure 1. THE GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF THE KAZAKHSTAN 1. The map of the Asia, 1914 (the fragment) Figure 2. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Yurt, Akmola region (1915) 2. The Yurt (the beginning of the XX century) 3. The Yurt (the beginning of the XX century) 4. The Turkmen nomad village (XIX – beginning of the XX century) 5. The Yurt (the beginning of the XX century) 6. The Yurt (the beginning of the XX century) 7. The Yurt (the beginning of the XX century) 8. The Yurt (the beginning of the XX century) 9. The Yurt (the beginning of the XX century) 10. The Yurt (the beginning of the XX century) Figure 3. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Residential building, Kenesary Str., Astana (the beginning of the XX century) 2. The Residential building, Atyrau (the beginning of the XX century) 3, 8, 9. The Residential building, Pushkin Str., Astana (the beginning of the XX century) 4. The College, Valikhanov Str., Almaty (1904, arch. A.Zenkov) 5. The Residential building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century) 6. The “New Mosque”, Astana (the beginning of the XX century) 7. The Residential building, Pavlodar (the beginning of the XX century) Figure 4. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1, 2. The House of the Military Assembly, Aiteke Str., Almaty (1908, arch. A.Zenkov) 3. The Residential building, Kokshetau (the beginning of the XX century) 4. The Residential building, Pavlodar (the beginning of the XX century) 5. The Gavrilov’s Residential building, Zheltoksan Str., (moved from Furmanov Str. in 1973), Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 6, 7. The Residential building, Gogol’ Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 8, 9. The Four-year city School, Gogol’ Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century, arch. A.Zenkov) Figure 5. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Residential building, Abdullins Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 2. The Residential building, Abdullins Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 3. The Residential building, Abdullins Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 4. The Residential building, Alimzhanov Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 5. The Residential building, Abdullins Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 6. The Pharmacy, Novoselskaya Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 7. The Residential building, Gagarin Str., Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century) Figure 6. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The doctor L.N.Fiedler’s house, Kazybek bi, Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 2. The Residential building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century) 3. The Residential building, Kaldayakov Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 4. The Pugasov’s Residential building, Bogenbai Batyr Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 5. The Zubov’s Residential building, Baitursynov Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 6, 7. The Observatory and Meteorological service, Seifullin Ave., Almaty (1915)


44

Figure 7. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Residential building, Zenkov Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 2. The Church, Kokshetau (the beginning of the XX century) 3. The Residential building, Aiteke bi Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 4. The Residential building, Gogol’ Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 5. The Residential building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century) 6. The Residential building, Tole bi Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 7. The Residential building, Makatayev Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) Figure 8. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. The “Iskhak Gabdulvaliev & Sons” Shop, Zhibek Zholy Ave., Almaty (1911, arch. A.Zenkov) Figure 9. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. The Turkestan Cathedral, Aiteke bi Str., Almaty (1907, arch. K.Borisoglebsky, S.Troparevsky, A.Zenkov) Figure 10. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. The St.Nicholas Church, Kabanbai Batyr Str., Almaty (1906-1908, arch. N.Lavanov, S.Troparevsky) 2. The “Joy of All the Afflicted” Church, Brusilovsky Str., Almaty (1915, arch. A.Pugachenkov) Figure 11. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The Iskhak Gabdulvaliev’s Residential building, Makatayev Str., Almaty (1909, arch. A.Zenkov) Figure 12. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1, 2. The Administrative building, Gogol’ Str., Almaty (XIX – the beginning of the XX century) 3. The "Ishaqia" Tatar Mosque and Madrassa, Zhibek Zholy Ave., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 4. The Residential building, Gogol’ Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 5. The Administrative building, Pushkin Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 6. The Residential building, Gogol’ Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 7. The Kurganov’s Residential building, Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 8, 9. The Pension building of the Man's Gymnasium, Tole bi Str., Almaty (1907, arch. P.Gurde, A.Zenkov) Figure 13. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Azimbai Mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (beginning of the XX century) 2. The Arab Mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (beginning of the XX century) 3. The Burial structure #1, Necropolis "Aibat" Zhezkazgan region (XIX – early of the XX century) 4. The Ica tortkulak #2, Semipalatinsk region (beginning of the XX century) 5. The Tortkulak #2, Necropolis Taban, Zhezkazgan region (XIX – early of the XX century) 6. The Takyr Memorial fence, Semipalatinsk region (XIX – early of the XX century) 7. The Shakirkazhi tortkulak, Semipalatinsk region (beginning of the XX century) Figure 14. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1, 2. The Turlybay Koylybaev’s sagana-tam necropolis Asan-Hodga, Atyrau region (the beginning of the XX century) 3. The Sagana-tam, Kamyspay necropolis, Atyrau region (1908, build. N.Umirov) 4. The Sugir Akhmedzhanov’s sagana-tam, Seisen-ata necropolis, Atyrau region (1905) 5. The "Modern" sagana-tam, Karagash necropolis, Atyrau region (1916) 6, 7, 8. The Nurmuhammed’s sagana-tam, Asan-Hodga necropolis, Atyrau region (the beginning of the XX


45

century) 9. The "Baroque" sagana-tam, Sagyndyk necropolis, Atyrau region (the beginning of the XX century) Figure 15. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Sagana-tam, Atyrau region (the beginning of the XX century) 2. The Necropolis, Atyrau region (XIX – the beginning of the XX century) 3. The Zholboldy sagana-tam, Atyrau region (the beginning of the XX century) Figure 16. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Boran mausoleum, Atyrau region (1908, build. N.Izbasarov) 2. The Agatai Tokabaev’s mausoleum, Atyrau region (1905) 3, 6. The Shoinbay Kabyl-uly’s mausoleum, Karaman-ata necropolis, Atyrau region (1914) 4. The Mausoleum, Atyrau region (the beginning of the XX century) 5. The Mausoleum, Atyrau region (the beginning of the XX century) Figure 17. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Token Aygoraev’s mausoleum, Kumozek village, Zhambyl region (1906, build. Kempyrbay) 2. The Otel’bay’s mausoleum, Kumozek village, Zhambyl region (the beginning of the XX century) 3. The Toleubek’s mausoleum, Kumozek village, Zhambyl region (the beginning of the XX century, build. Kempyrbay) 4. The Aydyn’s mausoleum, Dalakaynar village, Zhambyl region (the beginning of the XX century) 5. The Mausoleum Botabai, Kumozek village, Zhambyl region (the beginning of the XX century) 6. The Isaac's mausoleum, Kumozek village, Zhambyl region (the beginning of the XX century) 7. The Ayzhigit-Cal’pe mausoleum, Kumozek village, Zhambyl region (1902, build. Kempyrbay) 8. The Aissa mausoleum, Koskumbez necropolis, Zhambyl region (1907, build. Kempyrbay) 9. The Akpas tortkulak, Kumozek village, Zhambyl region (the beginning of the XX century) 10. The Aralbay tortkulak, Zhambyl region (the beginning of the XX century) 11. The Calpe necropolis, Moyynkum village, Zhambyl region (the beginning of the XX century) Figure 18. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Beisembai mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (the beginning of the XX century) 2. The Sharu mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (XIX - early XX century) 3. The Bopekazhi mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (XIX - early XX century) 4. The Asil’han Mausoleum #2, Semipalatinsk region (XIX - early XX century) Figure 19. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Sarysholak mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (the beginning of the XX century) 2. The Asil’han mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (XIX - early XX century) 3. The Tusin Kasabayuly mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (the beginning of the XX century) 4. The Omar mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (the beginning of the XX century) Figure 20. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Domalak-ana mausoleum, Glinkino village, South-Kazakhstan region (the beginning of the XX century) 2. The Aliptomar’s mausoleum, Akmola region (the beginning of the XX century) 3. The towers in honor of Batyr Orak, Kyzylorda region (1918) 4. The Mausoleum Shaykan, Semipalatinsk region (the beginning of the XX century) 5. The Baba Tukti Shashty Aziz mausoleum, Kumkent village, South Kazakhstan (XIX - early XX century) 6. The Shaikan mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (the beginning of the XX century) 7. The Bektybai’s mausoleum, Chu village, South Kazakhstan region (1911) 8. The Shaul’der Mosque, South Kazakhstan region (XIX – early XX century) 9. The Sagyndyk mausoleum, Shaulder village, South Kazakhstan (XIX - early XX century)


46

Figure 21. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Karakozha mosque, Zhambyl region (1909) 2, 3. Ishan-basar mosque and madrasa, Akkoily village, South Kazakhstan region (XIX – the beginning of the XX century) 4. The Abdukadir’s mosque, Abai Str., Taraz (the beginning of the XX century) 5. The Nogai Ishan’s mausoleum, Oiyk village, Zhambyl region (the beginning of the XX century) 6, 7. The Karahan’s mausoleum (reconstruction), Tole bi Str., Taraz (1905-1906) Figure 22. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Arystan-bab mausoleum, Kogam village, South Kazakhstan region (1909) 2. The Arystan-bab mausoleum, Kogam village, South Kazakhstan region (1909; demolished and rebuilt in 1971) 3, 4. The Erubay #2 mausoleum, Zhezkazgan region (XIX – early XX century) 5, 6. The Mosque Nogai-Ishan mosque, Suzak village, South Kazakhstan region (the beginning of the XX century) Figure 23. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Water tower, Arys (1906) 2, 4. Kostyurin’s Mechanical workshops, Ust’-Kamenogorsk (the beginning of the century) 3. The Water Tower, Turkestan (1901-1905) 5. The Water Tower, Timur village, South Kazakhstan region (the beginning of the XX century) 6. The Shoe factory, Kostanay (1906) 7. The Water Tower, Taraz (the beginning of the XX century) 8, 9. The Water Tower, Semipalatinsk (1903) 10. The Water Tower, Petropavlovsk (1902) Figure 24. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Residential building, MRC Str., Arys (1912-1915) 2. The Hotel for steam-locomotive crews, October Str., Turkestan (1903) 3. The Residential building, Kirov Str., Arys (the beginning of the XX century) 4. The Hotel for steam-locomotive crews, Frunze Str., Arys (1905) 5. The Railway Hospital, October Str., Turkestan (1903) 6. The Railway Hospital, Arys (1906) 7. The Library, Chkalov Str., Arys (1905) 8. The School, Kaskasu village, South Kazakhstan region (the beginning of the XX century) 9. The Residential building, MRC Str., Arys (1912-1915) 10. The Residential building, October Str., Turkestan (the beginning of the XX century) 11. The Service station building, Arys (1907) 12. The Residential building, Marx Str., Turkestan (the beginning of the XX century) Figure 25. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1, 2, 3, 6. The Makeev’s Residential building, Bukeikhan Str., Astana (1914-1918, arch. A.Pavlovich) 4. The Hospital, Karagandinskaya Str., Astana (the beginning of the XX century) 5. The Alekseev’s School, Pavlodar (1907) 6. The Hospital, Karagandinskaia Str., Astana (the beginning of the XX century) 7. The Residential house, Petropavlovsk (the beginning of the XX century) Figure 26. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Residential house, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century) 2. The Cheredov’s residential house, Semipalatinsk (1919) 3. The Railway station Service building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century)


47

4. The Nicholas Church, Shmidt Str., Shymkent (1914, arch. I.Markevich) 5, 8. The residential building Gate (“The Old Gate”), Kazybek bi Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 6. The Shop, Ust-Kamenogorsk (the beginning of the XX century) 7. The Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Vrevskoe village, South Kazakhstan region (1903) 9. The Church, Obruchevka village, South Kazakhstan region (XIX - early XX centuries) 10. The School, Astana (the beginning of the XX century) 11. The residential building Gate, Tole bi Str., Taraz (the beginning of the XX century) Figure 27. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The “Furor” cinema, Kustanay (the beginning of the XX century) 2. The Administrative building, Pavlodar (the beginning of the XX century) 3. The Synagogue, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century) 4. The “House of urban Society”, Astana (the beginning of the XX century) 5, 6. The Pumping station, Semipalatinsk (1903) 7. The Residential building, Kostanay (1912) 8. The "Furor" illusion, Atyrau (1903) 9. The Residential building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century) Figure 28. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Juma Mosque (“The Great Mosque”), Kazalinsk (1907) 2. The Elementary school for boys, Ust’-Kamenogorsk (1912) 3. The Raphikov’s residential house, Ust’-Kamenogorsk (the beginning of the XX century) 4. The Menovshikov’s residential house, Ust’-Kamenogorsk (the beginning of the XX century) 5. The “Savva Semenov & Sons” Shop, Ust’-Kamenogorsk (1901) 6, 7. The Kozhevnikov’s Shop, Ust’-Kamenogorsk (the beginning of the XX century) Figure 29. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Administrative building, Begeldinov Str., Astana (the beginning of the XX century) 2. The Railway station, Timur village, South Kazakhstan region (1901-1905) 3, 5. The Hotel, Atyrau (1905) 4, 6, 8. The Social Club, Ust’-Kamenogorsk (1902) 7, 9. The "Echo" cinema, Ust’-Kamenogorsk (1909-1911) Figure 30. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Administrative building, Kazybek bi Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century) 2. The Residential building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century) 3. The Residential building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century) 4. The Residential building, Omarov Str., Astana (the beginning of the XX century) 5. The Residential building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century) 6. The Residential building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century) 7. The Bank, Taraz (1902) 8. The Residential building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century) 9. The Residential building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century) Figure 31. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1, 2, 4. The Golovizin’s Residential building, Furmanov Str., Almaty (1905-1908) 3. The Cinema, Petropavlovsk (the beginning of the XX century) 5. The Sakhno hotel, Semipalatinsk (1900) 6, 7. The Kubrin’s Residential building, Kenesary Str., Astana (1910-1911) 8. The Grammar School, Kirov Str., Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century)


48

Figure 32. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1, 2. The Yaushev brothers Passage, Kalinin Str., Kostanay (the beginning of the XX century) 3. The Medical Corps of the Hospital, Marx Str., Arys (1906) 4, 6, 7. The Kubrin’s shop, Kenesary Str., Astana (1905-1910) 5. The Kantserov’s shop, Astana (the beginning of the XX century) Figure 33. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1, 2. The Railway station, Turkestan (1903) 3. The Dmitriev’s Residential building, Petropavlovsk (1907) 4, 5, 6. The Railway station, Kyzylorda (1901-1906) 7. The Baldyk Mosque, Kyzyl-Orda region (1906) 8. The Railway station “Arys’-1”, Arys (1901-1904) 9. The School, Tole bi Str., Taraz (the beginning of the XX century) Figure 34. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The School named after Romanovs, Teatral’naia Str., Petropavlovsk (1915, arch. S.Gravilschikov) 2. The Kiyatkin’s Residential building, Tolstoy Str., Kostanay (1911) Figure 35. ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Sub-regional Ustyurt-Mangyshlak stylistic direction 2. The Neo-Russian stylistic direction (carved wooden parts) 3. The Neo-Russian stylistic direction (stucco and carved wooden parts) Figure 36. ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Brick Style 2. The Neoclassicism 3. The Style Modern Figure 37. ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. The Regional Brick style direction (elementary adobe brick masonry) 2. The Regional Brick style direction (artistic and model adobe brick masonry) 3. The Regional Brick style direction (artistic adobe brick masonry) 4. The National-traditional stylistic direction (yurt)


49

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Asia. – The Map, 1914. – < http://www.kidsmaps.com/geography/images/fullsized/map-asia-1914.png >

2. Azhigali, S.E. 2002, ‘Architecture of nomads – the phenomenon of the history and culture of Eurasia (monuments of the Aral-Caspian region)’. = Ажигали, С.Е. Архитектура кочевников – феномен истории и культуры Евразии (памятники Арало-Каспийского региона). – Алматы: Гылым, 2002. – 652 с.

3. Baitenov, E.M. 2004, ‘Memorial architecture of Kazakhstan: the evolution and problems of formation’. = Байтенов, Э.М. Мемориальное зодчество Казахстана: эволюция и проблемы формообразования. – Алматы: КазГАСА, 2004. – 243с.

4. Glaudinov, B. 1999, ‘History of Kazakhstan architecture (from ancient times to the beginning of the XX century)’. = Глаудинов, Б. История архитектуры Казахстана (с древних времен до начала XX века). Т.1. – Алматы: КазГАСА, 1999. - 295 с.

5. Goryunov, V.S., Tubli, M.P. 1994, ‘The architecture of the Modern era: Concept. Directions. Master’. = Горюнов, В.С., Тубли, М.П. Архитектура эпохи модерна: Концепции. Направления. Мастера. – 2 изд. – Санкт-Петербург: Стройиздат, 1994. – 359 с.

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8. Maidar, D., Pyurveev D. 1980, ‘From Nomadic to Mobile architecture’. = Майдар, Д., Пюрвеев, Д.Б. От кочевой до мобильной архитектуры. - Москва: Стройиздат, 1980. - 216 с.

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10. Mendikulov, M.M. 1956, ‘Architectural monuments of the Mangyshlak peninsula and the West Ustyurt’. = Мендикулов, М.М. Памятники архитектуры полуострова Мангышлака и Западного Устюрта. - Алма-Ата: Изд. АН КазССР, 1956. - 102 с.

11. Mukanov, M.S. 1981, ‘The Kazakh yurt’, Alma-Ata. = Муканов, М.С. Казахская юрта. - Алма-Ата: Кайнар, 1981. - 224с.

12. ‘Collection of historical and cultural monuments of the Kazakhstan. South-Kazakhstan region’ 1994. = Свод памятников истории и культуры Казахстана. Южно-Казахстанская область. - Алматы: Гл. ред. «Казак энциклопедиясы», 1994. - 368 с.

13. ‘Collection of historical and cultural monuments of the Kazakhstan. Zhambyl region’ 2002. = Свод памятников истории и культуры Республики Казахстан. Жамбылская область. - Алматы: РГП «НИПИ ПМК», 2002. - 350 с.

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15. ‘Collection of monuments of history and culture of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Akmola region’, 2009. = Свод памятников истории и культуры Республики Казахстан. Акмолинская область. – Алматы: Аруна, 2009. – 568 с.

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17. Tasmagambetov, I. 2002, ‘Kulpytas’. = Тасмагамбетов, И. Кулыптас. - Астана: ОФ «Берел», 2002. - 392с.

18. Samoilov, K.I. 2004, ‘ARCHITECTURE OF THE KAZAKHSTAN OF THE 20-CENTURY (Development of architectural-artistic forms)’. = Самойлов, К.И. АРХИТЕКТУРА КАЗАХСТАНА ХХ ВЕКА (Развитие архитектурно-художественных форм). – Москва-Алматы: Издательство «М-АРи»дизайн, 2004. – 930 с. - ISBN 9965-576-17-3 < https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25898218M/ARCHITECTURE_OF_THE_KAZAKHSTAN_OF_THE_20-CENTURY_(Development_of_architectural-artistic_forms) > , < http://books.totalarch.com/node/3953 >, < http://aasa.ent.sirsidynix.net.uk/client/en_GB/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:38427/ada;jsessionid=004783532D228A19DC82BBA36E16562D.enterprise-12800?qu=Artists+--+Twentieth+century.&ic=true&te=ILS&ps=300 >, < https://ru.scribd.com/doc/305852987/ARCHITECTURE-OF-THE-KAZAKHSTAN-OF-THE-20-CENTURY-Development-of-architectural-artistic-forms-by-Konstantin-I-Samoilov >, < http://www.twirpx.com/file/1917292/ >.

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URBAN-ARCHITECTURE-of-19th-21st-CENTURIES-The-Album-of-typical-examples-Educational-materials-by-O-N-Priemetz-and-K > < https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25898218M/ARCHITECTURE_OF_THE_KAZAKHSTAN_OF_THE_20-CENTURY_(Development_of_architectural-artistic_forms) > , < http://books.totalarch.com/node/3953 >, < http://aasa.ent.sirsidynix.net.uk/client/en_GB/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:38427/ada;jsessionid=004783532D228A19DC82BBA36E16562D.enterprise-12800?qu=Artists+--+Twentieth+century.&ic=true&te=ILS&ps=300 >, < https://ru.scribd.com/doc/305852987/ARCHITECTURE-OF-THE-KAZAKHSTAN-OF-THE-20-CENTURY-Development-of-architectural-artistic-forms-by-Konstantin-I-Samoilov >, < http://www.twirpx.com/file/1917292/ >.

26. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Ancientry and the Middle Ages (THE FORMS SUMMATION) / Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV. – The Thematic brochures series: STYLES OF THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE. – Almaty, 2016. – 23 p. < https://ru.scribd.com/doc/306847677/THE-KAZAKHSTAN-S-ARCHITECTURE-of-the-Ancientry-and-the-Middle-Ages-THE-FORMS-SUMMATION-Research-paper-by-Konstantin-I-SAMOILOV-The-Thematic-bro > , < http://www.twirpx.com/file/1924309/ >.

27. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Nineteenth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION) / Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV. – the Thematic brochures series: STYLES OF THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE. – Almaty, 2016. – 42 p. < http://www.twirpx.com/file/1933337/ > , < https://ru.scribd.com/doc/309290886/the-kazakhstan-s-architecture-of-the-nineteenth-century-the-forms-summation-research-paper-by-konstantin-i >

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The Scientific-methodological Edition

THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION) / Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV. – the Thematic brochures series: STYLES OF THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE. – Almaty, 2017. – 53 p.

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