The Judiciary Vocabulary Review. activist approach.
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Transcript of The Judiciary Vocabulary Review. activist approach.
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The JudiciaryThe JudiciaryVocabulary Review
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activist approach
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The view that judges should discern the general principles underlying
laws or the Constitution and apply them to modern circumstances
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amicus curiae
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a brief submitted by a
“friend of the court”
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brief
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a written statement by an
attorney that summarizes
a case and the laws and
rulings that support it
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class action suit
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a case brought by someone
to help him or her and all
the others who are
similarly situated
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concurring opinion
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a signed opinion in which one or more justices agree with the majority’s conclusion but for
different reasons
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constitutional court
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a federal court authorized by Article III of the Constitution that keeps judges in office during good
behavior and prevents their salaries from being reduced. They are the
Supreme Court (created by the Constitution) and appellate and
district courts created by Congress
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courts of appeals
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Federal courts that hear appeals
from district courts. No trials here
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dissenting opinion
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A signed opinion in which one
or more of the justices
disagree with the majority view
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district courts
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the lowest federal courts;
federal trials can be held only here
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diversity cases
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Cases involving citizens of
different states who can
bring suit in federal courts
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dual sovereignty
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A doctrine holding that state
and federal authorities can
prosecute the same person
for the same conduct, each
authority prosecuting under
its own law
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federal question cases
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cases concerning the
Constitution, federal laws, or treaties
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fee shifting
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a rule that allows a plaintiff
to recover costs from the
defendant if the plaintiff wins
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in forma pauperis
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a method whereby a poor person
can have his or her case heard in federal courts without charge
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judicial review
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the power of courts to declare
acts of the legislature and the executive unconstitutional
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legislative court
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courts created by Congress for specialized purposes whose judges
do not enjoy the protection of Article III of the Constitution
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litmus test
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An examination of the political ideology of a nominated judge
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opinion of the court
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a signed opinion of a majority
of the Supreme Court
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per curiam opinion
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a brief and unsigned court opinion
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plaintiff
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the party that initiates the lawsuit
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political question
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an issue the Supreme Court will
allow the executive and
legislative branches to decide
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remedy
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a judicial order enforcing a right
or redressing a wrong
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sovereign immunity
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The rule that a citizen cannot sue
the government without the government’s permission
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standing
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A legal rule stating who is
authorized to start a lawsuit
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stare decisis
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“Let the decision stand”
or allowing prior rulings to
control the current case
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strict constructionist approach
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the view that judges should
decide cases strictly on the
basis of the language of the
laws and the Constitution
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writ of certiorari
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An order by a higher court
directing a lower court to
send up a case for review
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the endthe end