THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIAL CREDIT SECRETARIAT £1.50

TheSOCIAI ..CREDITER

For Economic Democracy Quarterly Volume 82 No.4 Spring 2005

Editorial"The earth is finished", is thestark conclusion reached bythe environmental editors andcorrespondents for The Independent,the Daily Telegraph and TheGuardian. At the end of a longarticle in The Tablet (12 February2005), Michael McCarthy ofThe Independent spelled outthe conclusions reached at theinternational conference onclimate change held by the British

,_",Povernment at the headquartersof the UK Met Office in Exeter.Dismissing some earlier' scarestories', McCarthy states: "whateverflapping, floundering effortshumankind eventually makes to tryto stop it all, the great ice sheets willmelt, the seas will tum acid, andthe land will bum." A depressingconclusion. And yet - that stillsmall voice of faith lingers, thatthe bruised reed will not be broken, the flickering flame not finallyextinguished. The question is - whatcan be done? And by whom?

It is useless to look to governmentsfor change. The US administrationhas consistently refused to ratifythe Kyoto Agreement on economicgrounds. Big business and academiasupport that conclusion, and rightlyso. As we have demonstrated in ThePolitics of Money, the global free-

\._..Imarket economy exists because itignores social and environmentalcosts. Hence it falls to ordinarypeople to become well-informedabout the ways in which their own

lives, and those of their families,colleagues and friends, impact uponthe local and global environmentthrough their getting and spending ofmoney. For, ultimately, it is the hostof individual decisions and actionswhich is leading to global disaster.At present, most of us simply donot know what we are doing, andhence how we might change. AsRudolph Steiner commented: "Howcan a person form an opinion about asubject of which he declares himselfignorant?" Yet as economic actors wedo just that every day of our lives inour endorsement, as producers andconsumers, of the economic statusquo.

Fortunately, here at the Social CreditSecretariat in Yorkshire, UK, wehave already amassed a considerablebody of materials which can be madeavailable to individuals and groupsseeking greater understanding of themoney system and their role withinit. In addition to the collection of2,500 books on economics, ecology,social, cultural and spiritual issues,we have articles, pamphlets, studyguides and other introductorymaterials. We can provide a reviewof available resources according toyour own background and interests,or those of a group with which youare associated. We have contactdetails for potential speakers in theUK. Some of our material originatedin the work of CH Douglas and hisassociates, while the rest, comingfrom a wide variety of sources,is consistent with social creditphilosophy.

My warmest thanks go to all the

SOCialcredlters and other colleagueswho continue to send in books,pamphlets and other study material.Over the past year thanks areparticularly due to Jack Hornsby(UK), Vic Bridger (Australia) andWallace Klinck (Canada).

While people across the globe areprepared to fight the system froman informed standpoint, hope mustremain that sanity will prevail.Writing from prison a few years ago,Stellan Vinthagen made the startlingsuggestion that "obedience is theroot of all evil - worse even than waror oppression, because it makes allthese things [war and oppression]possible. We have to claim individualand collective responsibility forwhat we choose or choose not todo". Responsible disobedience mustalways, however, be undertakenfrom a well-informed standpoint.Otherwise it serves the dark forces ofmisrule as effectively as condoningin blind obedience a market economywhich is systematically destroyinghumanity's God-given life supportsystems. It is the task of the SocialCredit Secretariat through these pagesand the website, to make it possiblefor activists and researchers to accessthe resources necessary for this task.

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Tsunami, Mangroves and Market EconomyDevinder Sharma

As the first news reports of thedevastation caused by the tsunamikiller wave began to pour in, anewsreader on Aaj Tak's HeadlineToday television channel asked hiscorrespondent reporting from thescene of destruction in Tamil Nadu insouth of India: "Any idea about howmuch is the loss to business? Canyou find that out because that wouldbe more important for our businessleaders?"

Little did the newscaster realise oreven know that the tsunami disaster,which eventually turned out to bea catastrophe, was more or less theoutcome of faulty business andeconomics. The magnitude of thedisaster was exacerbated by neoliberaleconomic policies which pushedeconomic growth at the expense ofhuman life. It was the outcome ofan insane economic system - ledby the World Bank and IMF - thatbelieves in usurping environment,nature and human lives for the sakeof unsustainable economic growth fora few.

Since the 1960s, the Asian sea-coastregion has been plundered by thelarge industrialised shrimp firms thatbrought environmentally-unfriendlyaquaculture to its sea shores. Shrimpcultivation, rising to over 8 billiontonnes a year in the year 2000, hadalready played havoc with the fragileeco-systems. The 'rape-and-run'industry, as the Food and AgriculturalOrganisation of the United Nations(FAO) once termed it, was largelyfunded by the World Bank. Nearly72 per cent of the shrimp farming isconfined to Asia.

The expansion of shrimp farmingwas at the cost of tropical mangroves- amongst the world's mostimportant ecosystems. Each acre ofmangrove forest destroyed resultsin an estimated 676 pounds loss inmarine harvest. Mangrove swampshave been nature's protection for

the coastal regions from the largewaves, weathering the impact ofcyclones, and serving as a nurseryfor three-fourths of the commercialfish species that spend part of theirlife cycle in the mangrove swamps.Mangroves in any case were oneof the world's most threatenedhabitats but instead of replanting themangrove swamps, faulty economicpolicies only hastened theirdisappearance. Despite warning byecologists and environmentalists, theWorld Bank turned a deaf ear.

Shrimp farming continued itsdestructive spree, eating away morethan half of the world's mangroves.Since the 1960's, for instance,aquaculture in Thailand resultedin a loss of over 65,000 hectaresof mangroves. In Indonesia, Javalost 70 per cent of its mangroves,Sulawesi 49 per cent and Sumatra36 per cent. So much so that at thetime the tsunami struck in all its fury,logging companies were busy axingmangroves in the Aceh province ofIndonesia for exports to Malaysiaand Singapore.

In India, mangrove cover has beenreduced to less than a third of itsoriginal in the past three decades.Between 1963 and 1977, the periodwhen aquaculture industry tookroot, India destroyed nearly 50per cent of its mangroves. Localcommunities were forcibly evictedto make way for the shrimp farms. InAndhra Pradesh, more than 50,000people were forcibly removed andmillions displaced to make roomfor the aquaculture farms. Whateverremained of the mangroves wascut down by the hotel industry.Aided and abetted by the Ministryof Environment and Forests andthe Ministry of Industries, buildersmoved in to ravage the coastline.

Five-star hotels, golf courses,industries, and mansions sprungup all along the coast disregarding

the concern being expressed byenvironmentalists. These twoministries worked overtime to dilute ~the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ)norms thereby allowing the hotels toeven take over the 500 meter bufferthat was supposed to be maintainedalong the beach. In an era of marketeconomy, that was reflected throughthe misplaced 'Shining India' slogan,the bureaucrats are in league withthe industrialists and big businessinterests. Much of the responsibilityfor the huge death toll therefore restswith the government and the freemarket apologists.

A tourism boom in the Asia-Pacificregion coincided with the destructivefallout of the growth in shrimpcultivation. Over the last decade,tourist arrivals and receipts rose fasterthan any other region in the world,almost twice the rates of industrializedcountries. Projections for the year •2010 indicate that the region will ~ .....surpass the Americas to become theworld's number two tourism region,with 229 million arrivals. What isbeing projected as an indicator ofspectacular economic growth hidesthe enormous environmental costs thatthese countries have suffered and willhave to undergo in future.

In the past two decades, the entirecoastline along the Bay of Bengal,Arabian Sea, and Strait of Malaccain the Indian Ocean and all alongthe South Pacific Ocean has been awitness to massive investments intourism and hotels. Myanmar andMaldives suffered much less fromthe killing spree of the tsunamibecause the tourism industry hadso far not spread its tentacles to thevirgin mangroves and coral reefssurrounding the coastline. The largecoral reef surrounding the islands ofMaldives absorbed much of the tidal \"L/fury thereby restricting the humanloss to a little over 100 dead. Coralreef absorbs (contd. on page 42)

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The BBC Speech on Social CreditBroadcast in the Poverty in Plenty Series

5 November 1934AROrage

Though most of you, I understand,are students of economics, I shalltry to use only simple and everydaywords.

For instance, instead of the abstractterms, Plenty and Poverty, I shallcontrast England as Producer withEngland as Consumer; or England asManufacturer and Shopkeeper withEngland as Shopper. For if we are anation of shopkeepers, we are also anation of shoppers.

Imagine a plate-glass windowstretching from John O'Groats toLands End; and, on the inside of it,all the goods that England makes,and, on the outside, the forty or fiftymillions of us still flattening ournoses against the pane, just as we didwhen we were children ..

As it costs us nothing, let us enter theshop and have a look round.

The first thing that strikes us is thestaggering variety of the goods onsale. Nature is prolific in havingcreated about half a million species ofliving creature; but the British geniushas invented even more kinds ofgoods, and is still going on inventing.A collective sales catalogue of allour shops would probably run to amillion items. I happened to see thattwo hundred kinds of English applewere put on the market this year; andone London store-you may be gladto hear-stocks no fewer than forty-three different varieties of lipstick.

If we ask the shopkeeper whether,and for how long, he can undertaketo keep up the supply of three million

~arieties of Goods, he may showus first, a line of warehouses allbulging with goods ready for theshop window; and, behind the lineof warehouses, a line of factoriesand workshops; and behind those,

quarries and mines and farms;and behind these, laboratoriesand research schools; and finally,behind them all, the British peoplethemselves, with their character,industry, genius and history. Withthese resources, our shopkeepersays, he can undertake to keep upa practically unlimited supply for apractically unlimited future. And wecan take his word for it.

As we stroll round the works, wenotice how relatively few workpeoplethere are about. This relative, and, aswe know, progressive depopulationof industry is due, of course, toapplied Science. Applied Scienceseems to have made its mission inlife to lift the curse laid on Adam andto transfer work from the backs ofMen to the broader backs of Nature'sother forces-steam, electricityand ultimately, perhaps, to atomicenergy. For an ever-increasing outputof Goods-both in variety and inquantity-the brains of the Few aredispensing more and more with thebrawn of the Many.

Before leaving the premises we mustremark one very important detail. Allthe Goods on Sale bear a Price-label.And it appears that two processesof manufacture are carried on inEngland's workshop simultaneously.One is a visible stream of real Goods,and the other is an almost invisiblestream of figures in the form ofPrices. These two streams, thoughindependent, flow side by side, and,in the shop-window, they unite as realGoods with their Price-labels on.

As a matter of curiosity, let us ask theshop-keeper what is his estimate ofthe collective Price-value of all theGoods in the window.

Without vouching for the exact figure,he says he reckons their collective

value at not less than five hundredmillion pounds. And he adds that thecollective Price-values created in afair year of Production might be asmuch as ten thousand million pounds;and that, working to capacity, it mightbe double that in a single year.

Feeling both terribly rich and terriblypoor, let us now leave the shop ofPlenty, and join the rest of the fortyor fifty million would-be shoppersoutside.

What a change of scene! In contrastwith the productive system we havejust left, where all is cooperation,reason and Applied Science, wefind a struggling mob in place ofa disciplined army of technicians.Everybody seems to fightingeverybody else; and most of us seemto be getting the worst of it.

What is the trouble about?

Let us not be self-deceived. You andI know very well. It's about Money.If 98 per cent of the legal crime ofEngland is admittedly due to Money,we may safely assume that a verylarge proportion of the crime ofwhich the law takes notice is due tothe same cause.

Now what is this Money we are allquarrelling about? If you will stickto your own experience you willrealise that Money is only a ticketauthorising you to go shopping inthe emporium we have just left.The only difference between, say, arailway-ticket and a Money-ticketis that a railway ticket is good onlyfor transport, while a Money-ticketis universal and good for anything inthe whole shop, up to its stated valuein Prices.

And the reason why Money is

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important, and, so to say, worthquarrelling about, is that Money-tickets are just as indispensableto our shopping as our shoppingis indispensable to our lives. TheAladdin's Cave we have just left willopen to no other pass-word. Money isthe accepted and legal tender of lifetoday in modem society.

What air was to the unhappy peopleshut up in the Black Hole of CalcuttaMoney-tickets are to the forty or fiftymillion of us shut up in the presentfinancial system.

Now where do these indispensableMoney-tickets come from? And howdo we get hold of them? And whyare there just so many of them about,sometimes more and sometimes less?

You will remember that in the shopwe visited we found two streams inflow; a stream of real Goods and aparallel stream of Price-figures.

We have now to add a third and laststream; a stream of Money-tickets.And we can now say that just asall the real Goods and Price-valuescome out of the Productive system,so all the Money-tickets with whichto buy the Goods come out of theProductive system also. And theycome to the shopping public in oneof three forms: Wages, Salaries andDividends; the sum of which formsthe Monetary Income of the nation.This Money Income of the nation,derived from the Productive systemfor services rendered, is the onlyshopping-fund the nation as shopperpossesses. It is all the Money-ticketsthe nation receives with which tobuy the Price-values the nation hascreated. These shopping-tickets aremore when the works are busy, andless when the works are slack; buttheir number is always regulated bythe activity of the Productive system.

How these Money-tickets that comeout of the Productive system get intothe Productive-system is a simplematter. They are put in, in the form

of loans, by private Money-ticketfactories, called Banks, which havean exclusive monopoly of Money-ticket manufacture. We must surelyhave noticed in our tour of England'sworkyard a number of elegantbuildings to which some producerswere always running to borrowtickets and others were running toreturn them. They are the Banks,where the Money-tickets come from,and to which they return.

Our immediate interest, however, isto compare the number of Money-tickets, not that are poured intoindustry, but that trickle to theshopping nation out of industry, withthe Price-values created in the shopin the same period.

Obviously if the Money-ticketsissued to shopping England were theexact equivalent of the Price-valuescreated by shop-keeping England,the collective Monetary Income ofthe nation would be able to buy thecollective Price-value of the Goodsproduced. We might dispute aboutthe distribution of the tickets, butcollectively, at least, there wouldbe enough of them to buy our totalProduction.

The problem of equating the nation'smeans of Consumption with thenation's means of production wouldbe solved if every addition to Price-value resulted in an equal addition toIncome.

But what we find, in fact, is thatthe Monetary Income of the nation,derived from the Productive systemin the form of Wages, etc., is notequivalent to the Price-values createdin the same period. The two streamsof Prices and Income do not moveat the same rate and volume. Thestream of Price-values to the shop-window moves much faster thanthe stream of Money-tickets to theshopping public, with the result thatthe annual collective shopping ticketsof the nation, called its Income, areinsufficient to meet the collective

annual Price-values created in itsshop.

Now this is a matter of fact and not oftheory; and it can be proved by simplee'z'arithmetic. Our shop-keeper, forinstance, has told us that, at a roughestimate, our annual output of Price-values is ten thousand million poundsand probably more. And our taxingofficials tell us, more accurately, thatour annual Monetary Income is abouttwo thousand five hundred millionpounds. As four is to one, so is ouroutput of Price-values to the Money-tickets with which to meet them.The nation's means of Consumptionmeasured in Money-tickets, in short,is no more than a quarter of its meansof Production measured in Prices.

Here, I believe, in this gap betweenIncome and Prices, is the root-causeof our present difficulties. On the twoprovable assumptions: (a) that theMoney-tickets distributed as Incometo shoppers are our only title to goshopping-that is, to live; and (b) tha~the total number of tickets distributedamong us is only enough to meeta quarter of the Price-values of theGoods in our shop--we can easilyunderstand why we have to fight eachother for tickets; why everybodylooks for employment in the factoryor, alternatively, for somebody togive tickets to him; why there arealways more Goods than Buyers; andfinally, why no Socialist scheme fortaxing the rich, no "Communist" orFascist scheme for administering theworkshop, and no amount of Planningof Production can be of the least useso long as this Gap between Pricesand Incomes remains.

And when we add that this gapis constantly widening with theprogressive relative depopulationof the Productive system you willrealise that our progress is towards ~the absurdity of a Maximum ofProduction and a Minimum ofConsumption. Only, long before then,something will break, as in fact, it isbreaking all around us. Now while the

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fact of the Gap is the important thing,the explanation of the gap offered byMajor Douglas appears to me to beconvincing. He says that much of thenoney put into the Productive systemas bank-loans never, in fact, gets outas Income during the same period inwhich it is put in. It is used simplyto transfer capital Goods from onefactory to another, and thus while itadds to the Price-stream, it does notadd to the income of us shoppers.

If you ask, quite naturally, how in thatcase the Goods are ever sold at all,the answer is that there are more waysof killing a cat than choking it withbutter. The Gap can be artificiallybridged even if it is not actuallyclosed.

For instance, Goods can be wilfullydestroyed. Or they can be practicallygiven away under the compulsion ofbankruptcy. Or they can be disposedof in return for acknowledgement ofdebt, that is to say, by mortgaging

~ur future income of Money-tickets.Incidentally, every single one ofus is in debt at this moment to thetune of about five hundred poundsapiece. But the most effective meansof all is to distribute shopping-tickets on account of the productionof Goods that never get into theshop-window at all, by Exports onCredit, by Capital Construction, andby Public Works such as roads-allof which provide Incomes withoutsimultaneously adding to the Goodson Sale. By receiving Wages, inshort, for the production of Goods wecan't buy, we acquire the tickets withwhich to buy the Goods that can bebought.

But whatever the explanation, the factof the ever-widening gap remains;and the vitally important question iswhat we are going to do about it?

f~W'h di I d' .It out iscussmg, mere y to Ism ISS

them, proposals that are eitherirrelevant to the real problem, orwould only make it worse, it oughtto be clear that our aim must be to

close the gap between total Pricesand total Incomes. And this can beeffected only by either reducingPrices or raising Incomes till they areequivalent.

But this clearly necessitates a changeof policy in regard to our wholePrice and Money system. It involvesthe restoration to the community ofcontrol of its whole Money-ticketsystem. And it involves the institutionof what we may call a National CreditAccount, in which the Price-valuescreated in the shop and the Money-tickets distributed for shopping wouldbe kept constantly balanced.

The institution and keeping of sucha National Credit Account would notnecessarily require the nationalisationof the administration of the presentBanks. On the contrary, it is only theirpolicy we need to put under nationalcontrol. The present Banks could justas efficiently carry out a Nationalpolicy as they now carry out a privatepolicy.

Then we have to find another meansthan direct Employment for thedistribution of Money-tickets to thenation as shoppers. Employment foreverybody is increasingly impossiblein a Productive system that isbecoming increasingly technical;and again, since Employmentautomatically increases Price-valuesfaster than it increases Incomes,Employment widens rather thannarrows the gap.

Social Creditors believe thatas the Wage-system becomesobsolescent, thanks to the progressivedepopulation of Industry, Dividendsshould gradually take the placeof wages; so that as the Machinedisplaces Men, the wage-incomepreviously paid to the displaced men,continues to be paid to them by theMachine that has displaced them.If the Machine does the work ofone hundred men, its production isobviously enough to pay one hundredmen's wages. The Dividend is the

logical successor of the Wage.

Lastly, we need a scientific Pricing-system that shall automatically, so tosay, ensure the fall of prices with therise of Production, and, conversely,the rise of prices with the fall ofProduction. At present, retail pricescome to us laden with the chargesfor the depreciation of Capital plant,but never off-set and compensatedby the appreciation of capital plantthat has also taken place. Retailprices, credited with the differencebetween total Appreciation and totalDepreciation, would, we believe,give us the scientifically Just Price.

Ineed not say that Ido not expectyou to accept these suggestions all atonce. You will find them explained inthe books Ihave recommended-inthe Douglas manual and in This Ageof Plenty.

But in conclusion, and by way ofgiving zest to your studies, I wouldonly remind you of this historicdate, and warn you that in the gapdisclosed between Price-valuesand Income is enough gunpowderto blow up every democraticparliament.

A R Orage was the editor of theNew Age:A Weekly Review of Politics,Literature and Art, 'the best and liveliestweekly. It carried noadvertisements ... '(Augustus John)C H Douglas's first major work,Economic Democracy appeared seriallyin New Age before publication in 1920.Douglas also made a aBC broadcast inthe Poverty in Plenty series in November1934, entitled 'The Causes of War' .(Textand recording available from theSecretariat)

Anybody who in one and the same".=-- - - -- .- .-.-- ---- - - -- -- h ,~=7ffeath_professei'Jo-=fIfzaersfiind-r .e

~~xistingMoney ..system and tobe~;;t;j:;;::=:;:;:nev7!tgiven his mincfto-tne second.

-~:;C~it::R~i$!faie:=;_i"}~--=

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(contd. from page 38)the sea's fury by breaking the waves.The tragedy however is that more than70 per cent of world's coral reef hasalready been destroyed.

The island chain of Surin off the westcoast of Thailand similarly escapedheavy destruction. The ring of coralreef that surrounds the islands didreceive some punching from thefurious waves but kept firm andthereby helped break the lethal powerof the tsunami. Mangroves help toprotect offshore coral reefs by filteringout the silt flowing seawards fromthe land. Tourism growth, whetherin the name of eco-tourism or leisuretourism, decimated the mangroves anddestroyed the coral reefs.

If only the mangroves were intact, thedamage from the tsunami would havebeen greatly minimized. Ecologiststell us that mangroves provide doubleprotection - the first layer of redmangroves with their flexible branchesand tangled roots hanging in thecoastal waters absorb the first shockwaves. The second layer of tall blackmangroves then operates like a wallwithstanding much of the sea's fury.Mangroves in addition absorb morecarbon dioxide per unit area thanocean phytoplankton, a critical factorin global warming.

It happened earlier in Bangladesh.In 1960, a tsunami wave hit thecoast in an area where mangroveswere intact. There was not a singlehuman loss. These mangroves weresubsequently cut down and replacedwith shrimp farms. In 1991, thousandsof people were killed when a tsunamiof the same magnitude hit the sameregion. In Tamil Nadu, in south India,Pichavaram and Muthupet with densemangroves suffered low humancasualties and less economic damagefrom the Dec 26 tsunami. Earlier, thefamed mangroves of Bhiterkanikain Orissa (which also serve as thebreeding ground for the olive-ridleyturtles) had reduced the impact of the'super cyclone' that had struck in Oct1999, killing over 10,000 people and

rendering millions homeless.

The epicenter of the Dec 26 killertsunami was close to SimeuleuIsland, in Indonesia. The deathtoll on this particular island wassignificantly lower simply becausethe inhabitants had the traditionalknowledge about tsunamis thatinvariably happened after a quake.In Nias island, which is close tothe Simeuleu island, mangroveshad acted like a wall saving peoplefrom the destruction. The challengetherefore for the developingcountries is to learn from the time-tested technologies that have beenperfected by the local communities.

Let us now look at the comparativeadvantage of protecting theenvironment and thereby reducingthe havoc from the growth-oriented market economy. Havinggrown tenfold in the last 15 years,shrimp farming is now a $9 billionindustry. It is estimated that shrimpconsumption in North America,Japan and Western Europe hasincreased by 300 per cent within thelast ten years. The massive waveof destruction caused by the Dec26 tsunami in II Asian countriesalone has surpassed the economicgain that the shrimp industry claimsto have harvested by several times.With over 150,000 people dead,the staggering social and economicloss will take some time to beascertained.

World governments have so farpledged US $ 4 billion in aid. Thisdoes not include the billions thatare being spent by relief agencies.The World Bank has in additionconsidered boosting the aid packet toUS $ 1.5 billion. It has already given(by Jan 10, 2005) $175 million, andbank President James Wolfensohnhas been quoted as saying: "Wecan go up to even $1 billion to $1.5billion depending on the needs ... "In addition, the World FoodProgramme (WFP) plans to feedsome 2 million survivors for the nextsix months. The feeding operation is

likely to cost US $180 million. If onlysuccessive presidents of the WorldBank had refrained from aggressivelypromoted ecologically unsound butmarket friendly economic policies, a Vlot of human lives could have beensaved.

What did the world gain frompushing in market reforms withutter disregard to environment andhuman lives? Can Wolfensohnjustify the financial backing doledout to the aquaculture and tourismsectors by drawing a balance sheetof the costs and benefits, includingthe social cost involved? Take theshrimp farms, for instance. The lifecycle of a shrimp farm is a maximumof two to five years. The ponds arethen abandoned leaving behind toxicwaste, destroyed ecosystems anddisplaced communities, annihilatinglivelihoods. The farms are developedat the cost of natural eco-systemsincluding mangroves. The wholecycle is then repeated in anotherpristine coastal area. It has beenestimated that economic losses due tothe shrimp farms are approximatelyfive times the potential earnings.

Tourism is no better. Kerala in southIndia, marketed as "God's owncountry", destroyed the mangrovesin a desperate bid to lure the tourists.It is only after the tsunami struckthat the state government was quickto announce an Rs 340-millionproject aimed at insulating the Keralacoastline against tidal surges. Othertourist destinations in Asia will nowprobably rethink their policies.

The heavy human toll so dramaticallywitnessed in the aftermath of therecent tsunami unveils the follyof blind subservience to the freemarket economy. The death andhomelessness of millions occurs asbig business, guided by economicself-interest, provides shrimps andtourism at the expense of lives andlivelihoods across the world.

Devinder Sharma is a New Delhi-basedfood and agriculture policy analyst.

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The Social Credit Case for a Citizen's IncomeFrances Hutchinson

The wages system lies at the heartf social injustice and ecological

unsustainability. So long as absenteeowners direct the work of wagedor salaried employees (whether inprivate or state corporations), themotivation for reform will constantlybe frustrated. Where money is themaster motivation, all other valuesfade into subsidiary considerations.The major debates currently ragingabout war, famine, agribusiness, debt,environmental/ecological degradation,GM, world trade and poverty allstem from one central cause. Peopleare held into doing what they aredoing because they seek to profitfinancially from their co-operationwith others. Whether the 'profit' isfrom speculative sale of commoditiesor sale of their own 'labour time' isimmaterial. The money economy, asit presently operates, acts to separatepeople from responsibility for their

IC.,workand its product. It also obscurestheir relationship with the land whichultimately sustains all forms of humansociety. If one cannot live on breadalone, one certainly cannot live onmoney at all. Although it remainsabsolutely essential that the resourcesnecessary for the production ofessential material needs are cultivatedand conserved, the money economynow obscures the practicalities ofeveryday life, such that we live in aworld of illusion.

The Money Economy

The industrial revolution broughteconomic liberation from traditionalsocial ties. Recognisable mutualobligations between known actorswere exchanged for enslavement toa money system operating beyondeveryday comprehension. Rightsand responsibilities associated withIrespect for the 'commons' and socialjustice were swept aside in favourof mysterious 'economic' pressures.As money was enthroned in placeof identifiable individuals whose

ability to hold sway over otherscould be monitored by a series oftraditional checks and balances,oppression became unaccountable.In the process, the new system ofincome distribution has come to seemas natural _ even if as unpredictable_ as the weather. Incomes are thereward for participating in theformal economy. The economicagent surrenders resources - land,labour and capital, being rewardedwith a money income indicatingthe value/price of his input. Hespends the money on his selectionof commodities available on themarket. Central to the operation ofthe economy is the price mechanism.Supply and demand for anything- land, labour, capital goods,financial services _ is determined byprice. Hence the highly skilled areperceived as being well-paid becausetheir skills are in short supply inrelation to demand. Conventionally,the vast differentials between the payof teachers and nurses on the onehand, and business school graduateson the other, is justified on thesegrounds. There is, however, nostatistical evidence to support theassertion that the ratio of suitableapplicants to available places islower in respect of business schoolapplicants compared with nursingor teacher training. On the contrary,6,000 applications were recentlyreceived for the 127 places on aSalomon Brothers' training course."Pay cheques at Salomon Brothersspiralled higher in spite of otherswho would do the job for less" (PaulOrmerod "Waiting for Newton" NewStatesman and Society 28 August1992, pp 12-13). Meanwhile farmersand child rearers produce the rawmaterials and labour essential to the'real' economy (oikonomia) at littleor no financial cost.

The phenomenon introduces thefact that the 'free market' pricemechanism is fundamentally flawed

as a means to analyse the formalmoney economy. In theory, the higherthe price, the less will be demandedand the more will be supplied.In fact, as the Salomon Brothers'example demonstrates, the marketmechanism does not actually workin this way. Questioning is emergingfrom within the economics professionitself. As leading neoclassicaltheorist Bernard Guerrien notes,(pae_news@btinternet.com 2002),in the world of neoclassical theory,commodities are inexplicably tradedat the price where supply equalsdemand, and vice versa. The price isinexplicable because when the priceis high, the supply is high, but thereis nobody to buy it at that price.But when the price is low, demandis high but there is no matchingsupply at that price. At the one pointwhere the demand and supply curvesintersect, exchange can occur. At allother points there is no exchange- and hence no price. At the singlepoint price is made _ quite illogically- by price takers! Nevertheless, thenotion that wage and salary levels aredetermined by market mechanismsremains a basic tenet of faith in theeconomy-as-we-know-it.

Where do money incomes comefrom?

At present the key players, business,academics and politicians _ aremesmerised by the money system.If we look at historical accounts ofthe social credit, distributism andagrarian reform movements, we finda level of debate which no longerapplies. Meetings, study groups andweekly papers, including The NewAge, GK's Weekly, New EnglishWeekly, Social Crediter and othersabounded (detailed referencessupplied). In earlier decades workingpeople joined with professionalsin study groups across the world,flocking to public meetings andengaging in debate. I was introduced

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THE SOCIAL CREDITER -------------------------

to social credit by my neighbour whohad attended a University extensioncourse in economics and joined astudy group on social credit in the1930s.

By contrast, professors of sociologyand the other social sciences todayprofess themselves to be unable todebate on the subject of the economy:"I am not an economist" is a realconversation-stopper. Academics goto work to earn a salary paid in moneywhich they do not understand. It is atruly alarming situation. Professorsof economics are no less ignorant onthe relationship between the moneyand the material or 'real' economy.At an international conference oneconomics, Ukrainian professorsbemoaned the fact that their moneysalaries were not paid for monthson end, so that they had to rely ontheir gardens to feed their families.The US and UK professors listenedwith incredulity: they could nothope to feed their families if theirmoney incomes dried up completely.Nevertheless, the Eastern Europeanssought inward investment so that theireconomies might 'progress' towardsa wage-dependent economy. A morelogical progression would be towardsincome security for all through a basicor 'Citizen's Income'.

Citizen's Income

A citizen's income (CI) is anautomatic, regular, unconditionaland non-withdrawable incomepayable to each individual citizen andconsidered to be a right of citizenship."Unconditional" means that it is notdependent upon workfare, meanstesting or any other form of eligibilitytest, save that of citizenship.

A mountain of research already existson the practicalities of introducing a'basic' or 'citizens" income (details onrequest). The case for CI has been wellresearched and publicised. Given thepolitical will _ which is increasinglycoming to be the case, see e.g. Brazil,

Ireland and so on - the necessaryaccounting skills can be broughtto bear on the particular place,circumstances and time.

The Case for Citizen's Income

1. Complications: The amountof form filling and bureaucracyinvolved in the present system aspeople's circumstances constantlychange is time-wasting and resultsin a degrading nightmare of rage andfrustration.

2. The unemployment trap: If onmeans tested income support or jobseekers' allowance, one's benefitis withdrawn virtually pound forpound. As one's income rises oneloses housing benefit and council tax,while one starts to pay income taxand national insurance contributions.Hence people are discouraged fromentering employment and fromseeking to increase their incomes.

3. The poverty trap: If one is in lowpaid work and receiving tax creditsand other means tested benefits, asone's income rises, one loses taxcredits. Income tax and nationalinsurance have to be paid, whilehousing benefit is lost.

4. The savings trap: It is not worthsaving for retirement when theminimum income guarantee preventspensioners with an income fromsavings from claiming benefits.Citizen's income would not bewithdrawn from those with additionalsavings. Hence there is an incentiveto work and to save.

5. Income security: As it stands,the employment system reducesemployees to a permanent state ofincome insecurity. Many individualsare continually moving in and outof the benefits system for reasonsbeyond their control. Nobody shouldhave to choose between fulfillingtheir responsibilities to their familiesby staying on benefits, and taking a

low-paid job.

6. Increased flexibility: part-timework and self-employment care forthe sick, elderly and children become~options which can be planned for inconfident security.

7. Increased employment:Employment would be encouragedacross the board. Income (benefits)would not be lost, so all employmentwould provide net gain.

8. Access to life long learning: witha small secure income automaticallyavailable as a right, all could engagein higher education and trainingwhenever necessary.

Conclusion

The time has come to challengethe dominance of finance over theearth's resources. This can be donein two ways. First, it is necessaryto seek out connections betweenone's own work and the rest through Va creative listening process, i.e. toreduce the time _ and money - spenton publicity and having one's ownsay. The second line of action is tosubordinate money considerationsto all other considerations in ourown daily lives _ and to tell otherswhat we are doing and why. Everypenny we get, and every penny wespend, impacts on the lives of othersacross the globe, as well as on futuregenerations. Potentially, a citizens'income offers all the opportunityto study the money system in orderto fully understand how it works.Hence, even if it did nothing else,CI would be a 'good thing'. Withoutit, we will all be "forced to keepworking until 65" as the Work andPensions Secretary predicts.

We would like to remmd ourreaders tllat~u!~§2r!ptiQns are

due for 2005: It helps our -adplinist[at!Qu considerably '7" -

if renewals-are made early_. inlhe:ye.ar .-"

VOLUME 82 PAGE 44

------------------------- THE SOCIAL CREDITER

Obedience is the root of all evilAdapted from an article by Stellan Vinthagen

Basically, 'democracy means 'rule' hand, but murder is something that is(kratia) by the 'people' (demos). done consciously by the right hand.

- Lhe idea is that everyone concerned That is why someone prepared towith an issue has the possibility of administer the death of thousandsdiscussing what should be done with from behind an office desk would beeveryone else, so that a decision can be horrified if they were asked to killmade. Genuinely free discussion and somebody with a knife.decision-making has two requirements:(a) that the individual has theinformation sources to hand so that aninformed discussion can take place and(b) that there are no dominant power-systems over which the individual hasno control. As peace activist Stell anVinthagen explains, it is all too easyfor individuals to subject themselves tosystems of obedience:

"The worst horrors of history _ theNazi Holocaust, the Soviet Gulag,capitalist slavery and colonialism _ arenot sudden explosions of human evil,but effective, well-organised, almostmachine-like, products of civilisation.I think that such horrors are happening

~gain but on a much greater scale,this time by immensely powerfulwestern liberal democracies and theirtransnational companies. Our modemday 'abnormal' and 'unthinkable'acts equivalent to the Nazi Holocaust- and carried out in the same machine-like way _ are global starvation andecological destruction. We live in aworld where we easily could feedeveryone, but still 20 per cent of theworld's population owns 80 per cent ofthe world's resources and an estimated30,000 children starve to death eachday! That is the numerical equivalentof one Holocaust per year _ butwithout any corresponding headlinesin the newspapers. At the same timewe continue to ruin the ecologicalfoundation of our existence.

"It amounts to an everyday act ofindustrial mass-murder. To understandtpow it is possible to render suchabnormal deeds normal, we needto look at models of obedience. Inmodem society it seems that massmurder is done unconsciously, as partof 'business as usual' with the left

"This magic is created by the waythe systems connect small actstogether, producing a possible socialchain reaction a lot more dangerousthan the nuclear chain reaction.The evil of the system as a wholestems from its geniality in turninginnocent and reasonable acts intocruel, heartless and unreasonableacts through the simple process oflinking them together. At each linkof the chain, each of the acts seemsto be the only reasonable choice. Puttogether - linked to what others havedone before and what will be donelater _ the acts suddenly take onanother meaning. Tightening bolts ordelivering mail, electricity or steel toa company don't seem in themselvesto be serious, dangerous, immoralor illegal acts. But it is through suchsmall individual acts that the chainof, for example, nuclear weaponsproduction is completed."The exactness and formalityof bureaucracy, automatisation,administrative routines, hierarchieswithin hierarchies and so on_ all these make an individual'smoral responsibility for his orher work disappear. Insteadof moral responsibility we getjob responsibility. The range ofalternatives connected to each singleposition in the system is definedand controlled in honour of thesystem. Careers are created throughthe development of skills, throughachievement and competition_ all giving job 'satisfaction'.Even small acts are controlledthrough surveillance and differentdisciplinary techniques. And thenthere is always money ...." (StellanVinthagen, "Obedience is the Enemy", Peace

News May-August 1999.)

The Way Forward

We have recently received a nine-page document entitled Five Stepsto a New Direction: A Future forSociety, produced a year or two agoby the Social Research Initiative,"Directions for Change" Thecontents of the document are entirelyconsistent with Douglas social credit,and are summarised on page 2 of thedocument, reproduced here:

In The Way Forward, five areas ofsocial life are addressed. Movingin these directions would have aprofound and positive effect onindividual worth, human dignity andsocial well-being.

Five Steps to a new direction: AFuture for Society

Land and resources- moving from personal andcorporate ownership to stewardshipand trust holding.

Work and Labour- transforming the labour market byseparating work from payment.- establishing equal right to provisionof human need.

Money- arriving at the right price for goodsand services as a prerequisite for afair and just society.- recognising the life-cycle of moneyas a vital factor in its regulatoryfunction.

Capital- putting an end to money hoardingand wealth creating as a goal.- returning capital to its true purposeas a means of building individual andsocial capacities.

Economic Associations- bringing together the interestsof manufacturers, suppliers andconsumers.- guaranteeing the effective workingof the above four areas for the benefit

VOLUME 82 PAGE 45

THE SOCIALCREDITER ------------------------

of individuals, as well as the commongood.

Progress in these areas of practicallife awakens us to the social question,which is:

Do we want to continue to live ina world dominated by egotism,materialism and the exercise ofpower? If not, how can we moveaway from these in practical andrealistic ways?

This question is addressed in thefive descriptions on pages 3-8 of thebooklet. Contact us by telephone orEmail (see back page ofTSC) formore information about the booklet..•. 1:¥e havethe ground for a useful distinctioneiween Servile and Natural Labour=thene being Man-forcedand unnecessary, and ~he other being Nature1"orced and,ieeessary;-

'£1, we have also the reason for the common';st;nction betw;-en-degratJi{,g .taboUr t-,

nddignified Labour. There is a dignity inr4tur,aJ,_that issnecessary Laboun but.there .

qne, i~ Servile, that is, u'1necessaryLabour. ...= - =

ne of the commonest fears-in all senses-if d1e_Le.isured class is their feat that; under'JkJ;;gl~ Commonw~7iif, they would bd·'~gble_~Qabtain.persong!-§erviceJ__lJJlr reply_,..'o;tbat is ihe obvious and unanswerabie one,'hat real ladies and gentlemen ... have neveroiI~d~ydifficulty inpro~u~ingp-;;;oniil'ervice, and that the rest do not deserve it.ndeetitoneojthe tests ofCulture is;predserj'h~ ability t~ command service without

.,'oFcfrli'it. tt";jf'Oragej

ObituaryWe were sad to hear of the deathof Boudewign Wegerif. Formerlya financial journalist, he famouslywalked from Sweden to South Africato highlight the iniquities of thedebt-based money-system, relyingentirely on the hospitality of those hemet along the way. He spent the restof his life working for economic andmonetary reform, for 'love's non-violent revolution for an end to globalmoney madness and the beginningof a genuinely good life in disciplineand freedom.' We extend our sinceresympathy to his family and friends.

Four Ar~uments (or the Eliminationof TelevisionJerry ManderOther India Press, 1998, pp200£8.99 (www.eco-logicbooks.corn)ISBN 818 55 69 38X

First published over twenty-fiveyears ago, the Four Arguments forthe Elimination of Television remainsa key text. It is the first book everto advocate that the medium is notreformable. Its problems are inherentin the technology itself and are sodangerous _ to personal health andsanity, to the environment, and to thedemocratic processes _ that TV oughtto be eliminated for ever.

beyond cleanliness; sterility, theavoidance of all germs; sudsiness,a cosmetic factor; and brand, asurrogate community loyalty."Television does not present the viewe~with a picture of the world as it is, butwith a world created by advertising.Programmes are created with theconscious intention of promoting aconsumer society. It is a form of sleepteaching, entirely passive, in whichthe viewer's mind and body cannotand do not react.

Nevertheless, despite all the evidence,the suggestion that the technologyshould be banned meets a solid wallof incomprehension. People aremesmerised by the medium, leavingthem unable to grasp the idea that it isneither neutral nor benign. For many,imagining life without television isto imagine the unthinkable. Throughthis excellent analysis of the effectsof television, the thoughtful readeris brought to doubt the notion thattelevision is a neutral technology,capable of being used for good or Vill. Speaking of TV reform is, inthe words of the author, 'as absurdas speaking of the reform of atechnology such as guns'.The EditorIn search of Fatima: a PalestinianStoryGhada KarmiVerso: London and New York, 2002

This moving and beautifully writtenmemoir is too rich for easy summary.It tells the political story of the peopleof Palestine by telling the personalstory of the author, born in Jerusalemin 1939, and driven from there withher family in 1948. The intimateinterplay between the political andthe personal is one major theme ofthis book, as it explores the strainsthat exile places upon personalidentity, and the way in which cultureand experience shape political ....,_;understanding. In the anecdotes whichGhada Karmi tells - of a schoolgirls'quarrel or the tensions within amarriage - we see international

VOLUME 82 PAGE 46

"Television offers neither rest norstimulation," writes Jerry Mander.former advertising executive in SanFrancisco, "Television inhibits yourability to think, but it does not leadto freedom of mind, relaxation orrenewal. It leads to a more exhaustedmind. You may have time out fromobsessive thought patterns, but that'sas far as television goes .... The mindis never empty. What's worse, it isfilled with someone else's obsessivethoughts and images." Drawingupon a wealth of resource material,the author provides evidence ofthe dangerous effects of television'mental, physiological, ecological,economic, political; effects that aredangerous to the person and also tosociety and the planet'.

Advertisers and networks usetelevision to create a lifestyle ofvirtual reality in order to increasetheir revenue. As Mander explains,"Perhaps there is a need forcleanliness. But that is not whatadvertisers sell. Cleanliness can beobtained with water and a little bitof natural fibre, or solidified naturalfat. Major world civilizations keptclean that way for millennia. Whatis advertised is whiteness, a value

------------------------ THE SOCIALCREDITER

misunderstanding and conflict writsmall, in a way both illuminating andsuggestive.

~hen the Karmi family wereforced to leave Palestine in 1948and found refuge in, of all places,Golders Green, the three childrenhad each to deal with the problemof a dual identity, exacerbated bythe disorienting knowledge thattheir homeland, in effect, no longerexisted. Each of them tried, and halfa century later were still trying, toresolve the issue in different ways.Ghada's sister, Siham, several yearsolder, continued to think of herselfas an Arab in exile, and returned tothe Middle East as soon as she could.Ghada herself attended Englishschools and embraced Englishculture. In neither case was thesolution straightforward. Siham'smarriage to a Palestinian eventuallybroke up and she returned to England.Ghada's own ultra-English marriagefoundered on the rocks of the Arab-

.._~sraeli war of 1967: her husbandcould not begin to understand theanguish for Palestine and the senseof Arab identity that this reawakenedwithin her. Meanwhile, their parentslived an isolated life of exile; theirmother spent forty years refusing tolearn English, and found consolationonly in the company of stray fellow-Arabs. Living in Golders Greenallowed Ghada to observe theparallels between her own experienceand those of the Jewish families sheknew. There is a haunting momentwhen the mother of her Jewish friendencounters her own mother and,across the language barrier, offers hersympathy for the terrible fact that herdaughter is marrying' out'.

Naturally, the question of Palestineand the state of Israel overshadowsthe whole book. Drawing on

~\onversations with her older relatives,the author gives glimpses of thehuman consequences of the callous,and ultimately treacherous, governingby the British, and of the ruthless

brutality of the European Jewswhom they encouraged to take overPalestine. The adjectives are mine:Ghada Karmi's own descriptions aresympathetic but dispassionate. Therural Palestine she knew as a childwas a place of flourishing, colourful,small towns and villages and farms,knit together by close extendedfamilies. The next generation lived ingrim refugee camps, where childrenlearnt from birth that there wasno hope except through violence.Those thrown out of their homes byterrorism had no legal right to return,while any Jew, from anywhere in theworld, could claim the citizenshipthat should have been their birthright.

It would be easy to report this incrude black and white, but Karmi issensitive to the complex subtletiesof it all. She recalls how puzzledshe was by European anti-Semitismwhen she first encountered it. Arabinstincts towards the Jews were quitedifferent. The Middle Eastern Jewsthey had accepted for centuries aspart of the landscape, as neighbours,and often friends, very much likethemselves. The incoming Jewsthey thought of as Europeans, andeven then felt no immediate enmity,although some well placed anxiety.It was only when European gentilesattempted to assuage the guilt of theirown longstanding, and tragic, anti-Semitism by displacing its burdenonto themselves that the Arabs, forvery good reason, became hostile,andeven then towards the British atleast as much as towards the Israelis.Karmi is also alert to the Arabs' ownweaknesses. In particular, she ishonest about the frailty of the bondsthat link them together, whetherinternationally or within a singlenation. Repeatedly, the Arab tendencytowards rivalry and quarrellingis implicitly contrasted with thedauntingly unified sense of purposeof the Israelis and their Jewishsupporters across the world.

This is not just a story about the

Middle East. Ultimately, it raisesquestions about the very basis of ourpolitical lives and self-understanding.It is hard to see that there is any caseaccording to natural justice for thelegitimisation of the state of Israel,let alone its extension beyond theboundaries of 1967. Yet alreadyit is too late to go back to before1948: naked might has acquiredrights, merely by establishing a sortof status quo. We might ponder inmicrocosm the beginnings of almostall territorial power in conquest anddisplacement: certainly that is howmost of Europe, most of the Arabworld and the Americas have acquiredthe populations that they have today.Political authority is arbitrary in itsorigins, and ought, for that reason, tobe all the more aware of its need forhumility and justice.

Finally this book make us think aboutthe relationship between propaganda,self-deception and oppression. Whatexactly was going on when Britishcommentators compared Nasser toHitler, or when those present at awedding in London sang the Israelinational anthem? What is going ontoday when the U.S. sees itself asbringing 'freedom' and 'justice' tothe Middle East, or when young menin Bradford identify themselves asIslamic freedom-fighters? How dowe purify our proper desire to tellthe stories of our communities sothat they remain honest, fair andcompassionate? How do we do justiceto the complexities of the multiplehistories and identities that so manyof us now possess, without destroyingthat healthy love of home and familyand country that gives us our roots?We can ask such questions at the mostabstract level, but our answers willbe useless unless they are groundedin the sort of attentive observation ofconcrete human lives exemplified soimpressively in this volume.

Margaret Atkins is a Senior Lecturerin Theology at Trinity and All SaintsCollege, Leeds.

VOLUME 82 PAGE 47

The Social Credit SecretariatCollection

Over the past few years SCS hasreceived frequent requests forevaluative comment about key workson economics and related issues fromjournalists, academics, politicians,clergy and activists. We are delightedto make the advice service moregenerally available. In the SCSCollection we have copies of all C.H.Douglas' books, articles andspeeches, the major texts on SocialCredit, together with a wealth ofleading resource material on theeconomy and its effects on the socialand ecological environments.Guidance as to the key texts andauthors on individual subject areas(alternative economics to geneticengineering, farming, debt, work andincome, and so on) can be providedby telephone or Email, short-cuttingtime-wasting Internet searches. Wecan also supply a range of studymaterials for group discussion, andthe names of speakers on specialistissues throughout the UK.

Books by C H Douglas(available in the Social Credit Library)Economic DemocracySocial CreditThe Monopoly of CreditWarning DemocracyCredit Power and DemocracyThe Control and Distribution of Production

There is the work forced on Man byNature=the work God reJerred 10 whenhe told Adam that. outside of Paradise.Nature would yield him bread only in thesweat oj his brow, And there is the work{arced on man by other men-Slave-owners and bankers.for example-whodeclare from their high throne that menshall not eat. not without Nature sconsent. but without their consent.

(A R Drage)

SUBSCRIPTIONS TO TSCAnnual rates:

UK inland £7.50 Airmail £11.00Make cheques/money orders payable to KRPLtd and send to The Social Credit Secretariat,PO Box 322, Silsden, Keighley B020 OYE

Recommended ReadingFrances HutchinsonSocial Credit? SomeQuestions Answered(KRP£S.OO)

Eimar O'DuffyAsses in Clover(Jon Carpenter £ 11.00)

H J MassinghamThe Tree of Life(Jon Carpenter£13.99)

Frances Hutchinson, MaryMellor&Wendy Olsen

The Politics of Money: Towards I ." ~1<·.·.

Sustainability & EconomicDemocracy

(Pluto £16.99)

Alan D ArmstrongTo Restrain the Red Horse(Towerhouse £7.00)

Frances HutchinsonWhat Everybody really wants toknoHlaboutMoney(Jon Carpenter £12.00)

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