The Journal of

Experimental Biology

The Journal of

Experimental BiologyEDITED BY

J. GRAY and J. A. RAMSAY

ASSISTED BY

THE HON. SECRETARIES, SOCIETY FOREXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY

VOLUME XXX

CAMBRIDGE

AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

1953

Published for the Company of Biologists, Limited

Printed in Great Britain at the University Press, Cambridge(Brooke Crutchley University Printer)

and published by the Cambridge University Press

London: Bentley House, N.W. iAmerican Branch: New York

Agents for Canada, India, and Pakistan: MacmiUan

CONTENTS

No. i. MARCH 1953PAGE

J. A. RAMSAY, R. H. J. BROWN AND S. W. H. W. FALLOON. Simultaneous deter-mination of sodium and potassium in small volumes of fluid by flame photo-metry. (With Plate i) i

E. M. DEUCHAR. The regional properties of amphibian organizer tissue afterdisaggregation of its cells in alkali. (With Plate 2) 18

R. C. CAMPBELL, J. L. HANCOCK AND LORD ROTHSCHILD. Counting live and dead

bull spermatozoa 44

J. L. HANCOCK. The spermatozoa of sterile bulls. (With Plates 3 and 4) . . 50

LORD ROTHSCHILD. The fertilization reaction in the sea-urchin. The induction ofpolyspermy by nicotine. (With Plate 5) 57

P. FATT AND A. M. WOODIN. The release of phosphate from the electric organ of

Torpedo 68

J. A. RAMSAY. Exchanges of sodium and potassium in mosquito larvae . . 79

R. H. J. BROWN. The flight of birds. II. Wing function in relation to flight speed.(With Plates 6 and 7) 90

T. O. BROWNING. The influence of temperature and moisture on the uptake and

loss of water in the eggs of GryUuUu commodus Walker (Orthoptera-Gryllidae) 104

OLIVER R. BARCLAY. Some aspects of the mechanics of mammalian locomotion . 116

G. HOYLE. Potassium ions and insect nerve muscle 121

C. A. G. WIERSMA, E. FURSHPAN AND E. FLOREY. Physiological and pharmacologicalobservations on muscle receptor organs of the crayfish, Cambarus clarkiiGirard. (With Plate 8) 136

No. 2. JUNE 1953

A. E. NEEDHAM. The central nervous system and regeneration in Crustacea . 151

A. STANWORTH AND E. J. NAYLOR. Polarized light studies of the cornea. I. Theisolated cornea 160

A. STANWORTH. Polarized light studies of the cornea. II. The effect of intra-ocularpressure 164

D. W. EWER AND S. H. RIPLEY. On certain properties of the flight muscles of theOrthoptera. (With Plate 9) 170

LORD ROTHSCHILD. A new method of measuring the activity of spermatozoa . 178

vi ContentsPAGE

I. G. WHITE. The effect of washing on the motility and metabolism of ram, bulland rabbit spermatozoa 200

PEGGY E. ELLIS. The gregarious behaviour of marching Locusta migratoria migra-torioides (R. & F.) hoppers . 214

H. MUNRO Fox AND JASMINE SIDNEY. The influence of dissolved oxygen on therespiratory movements of caddis larvae 235

H. MUNRO FOX AND YVONNE MITCHELL. Relation of the rate of antennal move-ment in Dapkma to the number of eggs carried in the brood pouch . . 238

G. V. T. MATTHEWS. Sun navigation in homing pigeons 243

G. V. T. MATTHEWS. The orientation of untrained pigeons: a dichotomy in thehoming process . 268

JAMES D. ROBERTSON. Further studies on ionic regulation in marine invertebrates 277

No. 3. SEPTEMBER 1953

R. L. C. PILGRIM. Osmotic relations in molluscan contractile tissues. I. Isolatedventricle-strip preparations from lamellibranchs (Mytilus edulis L., Ostreaedulis L., Anodonta cygnea L.) 297

R. L. C. PILGRIM. Osmotic relations in molluscan contractile tissues. II. Isolatedgill preparations from lamellibranchs (Mytilus edulis L., Ostrea edulis L.,Anodonta cygnea L.) 318

E. B. EDNEY. The temperature of woodlice in the sun 331

R. HOLMES. The occurrence of blood groups in cats. (With Plate 10) . . 350

J. A. RAMSAY. Active transport of potassium by the Malpighian tubules of insects 358

G. V. T. MATTHEWS. Navigation in the Manx shearwater . . . . . 370

J. M. MITCHISON. A polarized light analysis of the human red cell ghost. (WithPlate 11) 397

P. FATT AND B. KATZ. Distributed 'end-plate potentials' of crustacean musclefibres 433

GARTH CHAPMAN. Studies on the mesogloea of coelenterates. II. Physicalproperties 440

No. 4. DECEMBER 1953

E. R. TRUEMAN. Observations on certain mechanical properties of the ligament ofPecten 453

M. R. A. CHANCE. Central nervous function and changes in brain metabolite con-centration. I I I . Glycogen in the normal behaviour of mice . . . . 468

C. ELLENBY. Oxygen consumption and cell size. A comparison of the rate ofoxygen consumption of diploid and triploid prepupae of DrosophUa melano-gatter Meigen 475

Contents vii

PAGE

HUGH CLARK. Metabolism of the black snake embryo. I. Nitrogen excretion . 492

HUGH CLARK. Metabolism of the black snake embryo. II . Respiratory exchange 502

M. M. SWANN AND J. M. MITCHISON. Cleavage of sea-urchin eggs in colchicine.(With Plates 12 and 13) 506

J. M. MITCHISON. Microdissection experiments on sea-urchin eggs at cleavage.

(With Plates 14 and 15) 515

JANET E. HARKER. The diurnal rhythm of activity of mayfly nymphs . . . 525

LORD ROTHSCHILD AND H. BARNES. The inorganic constituents of the sea-urchin

egg 534JANET VIVIAN PASSONNEAU AND CARROLL M. WILLIAMS. The moulting fluid of the

Cecropia silkworm . 545

A. CARDIN AND M. L. MEARA. The lipids of sea-urchin semen . . . . 561

G. PARRY. Osmotic and ionic regulation in the isopod crustacean Ligia oceamca . 567

G. A. KERKUT. The forces exerted by the tube feet of the starfish during locomotion 575

E. W. KNIGHT-JONES. Laboratory experiments on gregariousness during setting in

Balarms balanoides and other barnacles. (With Plate 16) . . . . 584

Index of Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . 599

Index of Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . 602

THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OFMICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE

Joint Editors:

C. F. A. PANTIN, Sc.D., F.R.S. JOHN R. BAKER, D.Sc.Third Series, No. 22

Contents of Volume 94, Part 2, June, 1953HARRIS, J. E. and PETERS, A. Experiments on Vital Staining with Methylene Blue.ROSE, K. F. A. Cell Shrinkage caused by Fixatives and Paraffin-wax Embedding in

Ordinary Cytological Preparations.MORGAN, W. S. Cytological Studies of the Acinar Cells of the Pancreas of the Mouse.

Part I. The Formation of Neutral Red Granules.CHAPMAN, G. Studies of the Mesogloea of Coelenterates. I. Histology and chemical

properties.BRONDSTED, H. V. The Ability to Dirferentiate, and the Size of Regenerated Cells,

after repeated Regeneration in Spongilla lacustris.SESHACHAR, B. R. and DASS, C. M. S. Macronuclear Regeneration in Epistylis

articulata.TRUEMAN, E. R. The Ligament of Pecten.

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DEMOREST DAVENPORT. Studies in the physiology of commensalism. IV. Thepolynoid genera Polynoi, Lepidasthema and Harmothoe.

D. B. CARLISLE. Moulting hormones in Leander (Crustacea Decapoda).H. BARNES. Size variations in the cyprids of some common barnacles.H. BARNES and MASGARET BARNES. Biometry of the copepod Calanus finmarchiau

(Gunn.) in stages V and VI.G. R. FORSTER. Peritrophic membranes in the Caridea (Crustacea Decapoda).G. R. FORSTER. The spawning behaviour of plaice.L. BRULL and E. NIZET. Blood and urine constituents of Lophs'us piscatorius L.L. BRULL, E. NIZET and E. B. VERNEY. Blood perfusion of the kidney of LopUus

piscatoriusE. W. KNIGHT-JONES. Decreased discrimination during setting after prolonged

planktonic life in larvae of Spirorbis borealis (Serpulidac).J. WIOKSTEAD. A new apparatus for the collection of bottom plankton.H. C. FOUNTAIN. An examination of the original slides of marine Acari of Hodge,

1863.GrJLBERT Y. KENNEDY. Chlorocruoroporphyrin: a simple method of preparation.VERA FRETTER. Experiments with radioactive strontium (90 Sr) on certain molluscs

and polychaetes.RICHARD BAINBRIDGE. Studies on the interrelationships of zooplankton and phytc-

plankton.P. N. J. CHTPPERFIELD. Observations on the breeding and settlement of Myahu

edulis (L.) in British waters.C. B. REES. The larvae of the Spatangidae.B. S. NEWELL. Cellulolytic activity in the lamellibnnch crystalline style.MARY PARKS. A preliminary check-list of British marine algae.ABSTRACTS OP MEMOIRS. Recording work done at the Plymouth Laboratory.MARTNE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OP THE UNITED KINGDOM. Report of the Council

for 1952-53. Balance Sheet. Income and Expenditure Account.

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