Vol. 64, N o . 3

THE CCMP/.MY C?

BIOLOGISTS LIMITED J u n e 1 9 7 6

The Journal of

Experimental BiologyEDITED BY

J. E.TREHERNE

WITH THE ASSISTANCE OFW. A. FOSTER & P. K. SCHOFIELD

(ContentsPAGE

CASEY, TIMOTHY M. Flight energetics of sphinx moths: power input during hovering flight 529CASEY, TIMOTHY M. Flight energetics in sphinx moths: heat production and heat loss in

Hyles lineata during free flight . . . . . . . . . . . 545HEINRICH, BERND. Heat exchange in relation to blood flow between thorax and abdomen in

bumblebees 561

PEQUEUX, ANDRE. Polarization variations induced by high hydrostatic pressures in the isolatedfrog skin as related to the effects on passive ionic permeability and active Na+ transport 587

BURTON, R. F. and JAUFEERALLY, F. R. The mobilization of calcium and bicarbonate byraised concentrations of potassium in the haemolymph of the snail, Helix pomatia . 603

MACDONALD, S. and KITCHING, J. A. The effect of partial pressures of inert gases on thebehaviour and survival of the heterotrich ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum . . . 6 1 5

BENTLEY, P. J., MAETZ, J. and PAYAN, P. A study of the unidirectional fluxes of Na and Clacross the gills of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula (Chondrichthyes) . . . . 629

M0HL, BERTEL and MILLER, LEE A. Ultrasonic clicks produced by the peacock butterfly:a possible bat-repellent mechanism 639

WONG, T. M. and FREEMAN, R. F. H. Osmotic and ionic regulation in different populationsof the New Zealand freshwater crayfish Paranephrops zealandicus . . . . 645

BOWSER-RILEY, F. and HOUSE, C. R. The actions of some putative neuretransmitters on thecockroach salivary gland 665

PENNYCUICK, C. J. and LOCK, ALISON. Elastic energy storage in primary feather shafts . 677

ANDERSON, M. and CASTILLO, J. DEL. Electrical activity of the proventriculus of the polychaeteworm Syllis spongiphila 691

CAMERON, JAMES N. Branchial ion uptake in arctic grayling: resting values and effects ofacid-base disturbance. 711

KAUFMAN, WILLIAM. The influence of various factors on fluid secretion by in vitro salivaryglands of ixodid ticks 727

SEYMOUR, MALCOLM K. Pressure difference in adjacent segments and movement of septa inearthworm locomotion 743

TAYLOR, A. C. The cardiac responses to shell opening and closure in the bivalve Arcticaislandica (L.) 751

WEBB, J. C , SHARP, J. L., CHAMBERS, D. L. and BENNER, J. C. Acoustical properties of theflight activities of the Caribbean fruit fly 761

STRETTON, A. O. W. Anatomy and development of the somatic musculature of the nematodeAscaris 773

SYSON, A. J. and HUDDART, H. The effect of caffeine on excitation - contraction couplingin skeletal and smooth muscle 789

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

K. MCNEILL ALEXANDER S. B. KATER I. ] . RUSSELLM. J. BERRIDGE P.LAWRENCE K.SCHMIDT-NIELSENM. BURROWS A. P. M. LOCKWOOD M. A. SLEIGHD. A. DORSETT S. H. P. MADDRELL L. TAUCC. H. FRASER ROWELL R. B. MORETON P. N. R. USHERWOODG. M. HUGHES J. D. PYB S. YOUNG

Permissions. Enquiries about the reproduction of material from Journal of ExperimentalBiology should be sent to Dr R. J. Skaer, Secretary, Company of Biologists Limited, Depart-ment of Zoology, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ

ISI Tear Service, 325 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106, U.S.A. is author-ized to supply single copies of separate articles for private use only.

Subscriptions. Journal of Experimental Biology is published six times yearly, in February,April, June, August, October and December. Three parts form a volume. The subscriptionprice of volumes 64 and 65 (1976), is £19.00 net (US $55 in the USA and Canada) per volume,£38.00 (US Si 10.00) per annum, payable in advance; postage is included. Single parts cost£8.00 net (US $22.50) postage extra. Orders may be sent to any bookseller or subscriptionagent or direct to the publishers: Cambridge University Press, P.O.Box 92, London NWI 2DB,or in the USA and Canada, to Cambridge University Press, 32 East 57th Street, New York,N.Y. 10022. Copies of the journal for subscribers in the USA and Canada are sent by air toNew York to arrive with minimum delay. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y.

Claims for missing parts can only be considered if made immediately upon receipt of thesubsequent issue.

Back Volumes. Vols. 1-21: Enquiries should be sent to Johnson Reprint Co. Ltd, 24-28Oval Road, London NWI. Vols. 22 onwards: Enquiries should be sent to the London orNew York office of Cambridge University Press.

The Society for Experimental Biology has, since its foundation in 1924, been associatedwith the journal. The Society holds Conferences four times a year at which the results ofexperimental investigations are presented and discussed. Enquiries about membership ofthe Society should be addressed to one of the Secretaries:

Zoological Secretary Botanical Secretary

Dr P. SPENCER DAVIES Dr J. E. DALEDepartment of Zoology, Department of Botany,University of Glasgow, University of EdinburghGlasgow G12 8QQ Mayfield Road,

Edinburgh EH9 3JH

Tel. Glasgow (041) 339-8855 Ext. 7156 Tel. (031) 667-1081 Ext. 3303

The Journal of Experimental Biology is published for the Company of BiologistsLimited by Cambridge University Press.

C The Company of Biologists 1976.